IMPROVING GRID POWER QUALITY WITH FACTS DEVICE ON INTEGRATION OF WIND ENERGY SYSTEM

By:j.Ramakrishna m.Prathiba Ch.avinash Ramprasad a.himasagar

Project Guide:B.mohan (Asst. Professor)

ABSTRACT: Injection of the wind power into an electric grid affects the power quality. The influence of the wind turbine in the grid system concerning the power quality measurements are-the active power, reactive power, variation of voltage, flicker, harmonics, and electrical behavior of switching operation and these are measured according to national/international guidelines The performance of the wind turbine and thereby power quality are determined on the basis of the measurements and the norms followed according to the guidelines specified. in International Electro-technical Commission standard, IEC-61400

In this proposed scheme STATCOM( Static Synchronous Compensator) at a point of common coupling with a battery energy storage system to mitigate the power quality issues. A proper control scheme in wind energy generation system is required under normal operating condition to allow the proper control over the active power production. In the event of increasing grid disturbance, a battery energy storage system for wind energy generating system is generally required to compensate the fluctuation generated by wind turbineity, power quality problems.
The integration of wind energy into existing power system presents a technical challenges and that requires consideration of voltage regulation , stability, power quality problems

CONTENTS
1) 2) 3) 4) 5)

Introduction Wind Energy System Power Quality FACTS Devices Renewable Energy Source

INTRODUCTION

The modern power system has to confront some major operating problems, such as voltage regulation, power flow control, transient stability, and damping of power oscillations, etc. FACTS devices can be a solution to these problems. They are able to provide rapid active and reactive power compensations to power systems, and therefore can be used to provide voltage support and power flow control, increase transient stability and improve power oscillation damping.

BLOCK DIAGRAM

Wind Energy System:

Wind is the natural movement of air across the land or sea. WT convert wind energy in to electric energy which are fed in to electricity supply systems.

The three main components for energy conversion in WT are rotor, gear box and generator. The rotor converts the fluctuating wind energy into mechanical energy and is thus the driving component in the conversion system.

SIMULINK MODEL OF WIND FARM

WT convert wind energy into electrical energy

Main components for energy conversion in WT are 1. Rotor 2. Gear Box 3. Generator

Rotor converts the fluctuating wind energy into Mechanical energy. The generator and possibly electronic inverter absorbs the mechanical power while converting it in to electrical energy, fed in to supply Grid

The generator and possibly an electronic inverter absorb the mechanical power while converting it into electrical energy, fed into a supply grid. The gear box adapts rotor to generator speed. At the point of common coupling (PCC) between the single WT or the wind farm and the grid a circuit breaker for the disconnection of the whole wind farm or of the WT must exist

Power Quality
A Power quality problem is an occurrence manifested as a nonstandard voltage, current or frequency that results in a failure or a maloperation of end user equipments Power Quality Issue & its Consequences: Voltage variation Harmonics Wind turbine Location in Power System Self Excitation of wind turbine generating System

One of the most common power quality problems today is voltage dips
A voltage

dip is caused by a fault in the utility system, a fault within the customers facility or a large increase of the load current, like starting a motor or transformer energizing. due to lightning, is one of the most common causes to voltage dips on overhead lines.

Faults

FACTS DEVICES

Flexible AC Transmission Systems are represented by a group of power electronic devices. FACTS devices can be divided into two generations. Older generation was based on the thyristor valve, where newer uses Voltage Source Converters (VSC).
Among the FACTS family, the shunt FACTS devices such as the STATCOM has been widely used to provide smooth and rapid steady state and transient voltage control at points in the network.

The proposed STATCOM control scheme for grid connected wind energy generation for power quality improvement has following objectives
Reactive

power support only from STATCOM to wind Generator and Load. Simple bang-bang controller for STATCOM to achieve fast dynamic response. Unity power factor at the source side.

STATIC COMPENSATOR (STATCOM)

STATCOM system is a static synchronous generator operated as a static compensator connected in parallel whose output current (inductive or capacitive) can be controlled independently of the AC system voltage. These controllers are possible by the high switching frequency of the IGBT, GTO, IGCT or IEGT transistors of the power converter. The system connects to the grid via a transformer.

The AC/DC power converter is controlled by PWM techniques. If V=Vs (pu values), no current flows through Rtr and Ltr. If V> (or )<Vs, current ows through Rtr and Ltr .

The STATCOM is an electronically generated three phase voltage source that is connected to the AC system via a shunt transformer When operating as pure STATCOM the generated voltage is exactly in phase with AC system voltage If the generated voltage is greater that the terminal voltage then the device will supply VARs(Capacitive mode) to the system. If the internal voltage is less than the terminal voltage the device will absorb the VRS (inductive ) The control system of the STATCOM is extremely fast and therefore can rapidly change the magnitude and phase of the electronically generated voltage

System operational scheme in grid system

 Usually a STATCOM is installed to support electricity networks that have a poor power factor and often poor voltage regulation. There are however, other uses, the most common use is for voltage stability.
A STATCOM is a voltage source converter (VSC)-based device, with the voltage source behind a reactor. The voltage source is created from a DC capacitor and therefore a STATCOM has very little active power capability. However, its active power capability can be increased if a suitable energy storage device is connected across the DC capacitor. The reactive power at the terminals of the STATCOM depends on the amplitude of the voltage source.

Simulink model of STATCOM

Voltage controlled STATCOM

Technical features of STATCOM

Provides fast smooth compensation from inductive to capacitive in reactive power, also eradicates the reactive power delivery to the grid. It reads the maximum request to compensate the power factor and keeps the power factor close to 1.0 at any time. Has powerful ability to support the voltage and ability to withstand short term over load. Provides better support for improving low voltage ride through characteristics of wind turbine. Decreases negative influence which caused by repetive switching operations by the wind turbine.

Low power loss, better economical operation. Faster response time and better effect for repeating flicker. Produces no harmonic and filtering partial load harmonic with out amplifying harmonic and no harmonic resonance. It has better safety and stability as it is independent on system parameters. Less space for installation, also provides flexible initialization, equipment can be installed indoor or outdoor. Low loss and low noise

Applications of STATCOM:

Voltage control Active harmonics cancellation and Flicker mitigation Utilities with weak grid knots or fluctuating reactive loads Unbalanced loads Arc furnaces Industrial mills Mining shovels & hoists

STATCOM Advantages:

Continuous and dynamic voltage control High dynamic and very fast response time Maximum reactive current over extended voltage range High efficiency Single phase control for unbalanced loads Enhanced ride-through capability High reliability and availability

STATCOM CONTROL SCHEMES:

To control the power flow in a AC transmission line to

1. enhance power transfer capacity 2. To change power flow under dynamic conditions (subjected to disturbances such as sudden increase in load ,line trip or generator outage) to ensure stability and security.

The stability can be affected by growing low frequency , power oscillations (due to generator rotor swings) loss of synchronism and voltage collapse caused by major disturbances.

STATCOM supply require reactive current even at low values of the bus voltages and can be designed to have built short term over load capability. The controller of a STATCOM operates the converter in a particular way that the phase angle between the converter voltage and the transmission line voltage is dynamically adjusted and synchronized so that the STATCOM generates or absorbs desired VAR at the point of coupling connection.

System operational Scheme in a grid system

Three phase injected inverter current output:-

SUPPLY VOLTAGE AND CURRENT AT PCC:-

DC LINK VOLTAGE & CURRENT THROUGH CAPACITOR:-

a) Source Current. (b) Load Current. (c) Inverter Injected Current. (d) Wind generator (Induction generator) current

CONCLUSION:

In this we present the FACTS device (STATCOM) -based control scheme for power quality improvement in wind generating system on integration to the grid and with nonlinear load. The power quality issues and its consequences on the consumer and electric utility are presented. The operation of the control system developed for the STATCOM in MATLAB/SIMULINK for maintaining the power quality is to be simulated. It has a capability to cancel out the harmonic parts of the load current. It maintains the source voltage and current in-phase and support the reactive power demand for the wind generator and load at PCC in the grid system, thus it enhance the utilization factor of transmission line.