Minggu 7-2

Internal Forces
Objectives
1. To show how to use the method of sections for
determining the internal loadings in a member
2. To generalize the procedure by formulating
equations that can be plotted so they describe
the internal shear and moment throughout a
member
3. To analyze the forces and study the geometry
of cables supporting a load
Shear Force and Bending
Moment Diagrams
A BEAM is a long, slender, structural
member designed to support transverse
loadings.
A transverse loading is applied
perpendicular to the axis of the beam.
Beams classified by their supports.
Need to know the internal shear
force and the internal bending
moment at all locations in the
beam. This information is usually
presented as a graph or diagram of
these values vs. position.
P
w
a
L
b
x
1

x
2

x
3

Simply Supported Beam
P
w
a
L
b
x
1

x
2

x
3

Cantilever Beam
Sign Convention
1. Positive Shear Force will cause a
clockwise rotation of the member on
which it acts.
2. Positive Bending Moment will cause
compression on the top surface of the
beam.
V
V
V
V
Positive Shear
M
M
M M
Positive Moment
M M
Compression
Tension
Positive Moment
Procedure
1. Find the support reactions.
2. Identify critical points.
3. At representative locations between
critical points take a section cut.
4. Find V and M and representative locations
between critical points.
5. Use proper sign conventions for V and M.
6. Plot results.
Critical Points
1. End of Beam
2. Support
3. Point of application of concentrated
load
4. Point of application of concentrated
couple moment.
5. Beginning of distributed load.
6. End of distributed load.
7. Change in distributed load definition.
3 m
6 m
6 kN
Determine the internal forces just to the left and the right of the
external force
9 kN m
Critical Points
4 ft
4 ft
50 lb/ft
A C
Critical Points
P
w
a
L
b
x
1

x
2

x
3

P
w
a
L
b
x
1

x
2

x
3

4 ft
4 ft
50 lb/ft
A C
Critical Points
3 m
6 m
6 kN
9 kN m
Shear Force and Bending
Moment Diagram
FBD of Beam
3 m
6 m
6 kN
9 kN m
A
y

D
y

D
x

x
x
y
y y
D
y
y
y
F 0
D 0
F 0
A 6 D 0
M 0
9 6(6) - A (9) 0
A 5 kN
D 1 kN
=
=
=
+ =
=
+ =
=
=

FBD of Beam
3 m
6 m
6 kN
9 kN m
5 kN
1 kN
x
x
9 x 3
3 x 0
s <
< s
5 kN
x
1

( )
y
0 x 3
F 0
5 V 0
V 5 kN
M 0
M 5 kN x 0
M 5x kN m
s <
=
=
=
=
=
=

V
M
3 m
6 kN
5 kN
x
x
V
M
( ) ( )( )
( )
y
3 x 9
F 0
5 kN 6 kN V 0
V 1 kN
M 0
M 5 x 6 x 3 0
M 18 x kN m
< s
=
=
=
=
+ =
=

V (kN)
M (kN m)
V = -1 kN
V = 5 kN
M = 5x kN m
M = (18-x) kN m
4 ft
4 ft
50 lb/ft
A C
4 ft
4 ft
50 lb/ft
A
x

C
x

C
y

4 ft
4 ft
50 lb/ft
A
x

C
x

C
y

400 lb
x
x
y
y y
A
y
y
y
F 0
C 0
F 0
A C 50(8) 0
M 0
50(8)(4) - C (8) 0
A 200 lb
C 200 lb
=
=
=
+ =
=
=
=
=

x
50 lb/ft
200 lb
V
M
( )
y
2
0 x 8
F 0
V 200 lb 50x 0
V 50x 200 lb
M 0
x
M 200x 50(x) 0
2
M 200x 25x lb ft
s s
=
+ =
=
=
| |
+ =
|
\ .
=

x
50 lb/ft 50 lb/ft
200 lb
V
M
0 M lb 200 - V 8, x at
0 M lb 200 V 0, x at
= = =
= = =
V (lb)
M (lb ft)
x 50 200 V =
2
x 25 x 200 M =
P
w
a
L
b
w 100 lb/ ft
L 15 ft
a 5 ft
b 10 ft
P 1000 lb
=
=
=
=
=
P
w
a
L
b
A
y

A
x

C
y

( )
x
x
y
y y
y y
A
y
y
y
F 0
A 0
F 0
A C 100(5) 1000 0
A C 1500
M 0
100(5)(2.5) -1000(10) C 15 0
A 750 lb
C 750 lb
=
=
=
+ =
+ =
=
+ =
=
=

x
x
750 lb
100 lb/ft
V
M
( )
( )
y
2
0 x 5
F 0
V 750 lb 100x 0
V 750 100x lb
M 0
x
M 750x 100(x) 0
2
M 750x 50x lb ft
s s
=
+ =
=
=
| |
+ =
|
\ .
=

x
x
750 lb
100 lb/ft
V
M
ft lb 00 2 M lb 250 V 5, x at
0 M lb 750 V 0, x at
= = =
= = =
5
x
750 lb
100 lb/ft
V
M
5 ft
( )
( )
( )
y
5 x 10
F 0
V 750 lb 100(5) 0
V 250 lb
M 0
M 750x 100(5) x 2.5 0
M 750x 500x 1250 lb ft
M 250x 1250 lb ft
s <
=
+ =
=
=
+ =
= +
= +

x
750 lb
100 lb/ft
V
M
5 ft
ft lb 3750 M lb 250 V , 10 x at
ft lb 2500 M lb 250 V 5, x at
-
= = =
= = =
1000 lb
x
750 lb
100 lb/ft
V
M
10 ft
5 ft
( )
( )
y
10 x 15
F 0
V 750 lb 100(5) 1000 0
V 750 lb
M 0
M 750x 100(5) x 2.5 1000 (x 10) 0
M 750x 11250 lb ft
< s
=
+ =
=
=
+ + =
= +

1000 lb
x
750 lb
100 lb/ft
V
M
10 ft
5 ft
ft lb 0 M lb 750 - V , 15 x at
f lb 3750 M lb 750 - V , 10 x at
= = =
= = =
+
( )
( )
2
0 x 5
V 750 lb 100 x
M 750 x 50 x lb ft
5 x 10
V 250 lb
M 250 x 1250 lb ft
10 x 15
V 750 lb
M 750 x 11250 lb ft
s s
=
=
s <
=
= +
< s
=
= +
V (lb)
M (lb ft)
x 100 lb 750 V =
lb 750 V =
ft lb x 50 x 750 M
2
=
lb 250 V =
( ) ft lb 1250 x 250 M + =
( ) ft lb 11250 x 750 M + =
V
-1000
-500
0
500
1000
0.0 5.0 10.0 15.0
V
M
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
4000
0.0 5.0 10.0 15.0
M