TOPICS COVERED

WORK OFFSET,TOOL LENGTH OFFSET AND DIAMETER OFFSET MOST COMMONLY USED G & MCODES G91 (INCREMENTAL) G90 (ABSOLUTE) PROGRAMMING G00 AND G01 PLANE SELECTION REFERANCE POINT (2ND 3RD & 4TH )

G & M CODES

G FUNCTIONS: These are commands which prepare the machine for different modes of movement like positioning contouring, thread cutting etc. The preparatory functions always precede the dimension word.

G FUNCTIONS:
Type meaning One shot G-code The G-code is effective only in the block in which it is specified Modal G-code The G-code is effective until another G-code of the same group is specified.
Example; G04 and G10
G04 X____; G10X____Y____Z____;

Example;
G01 and G02 are modal G-codes
G01 X____; y____; X____;

G10 is effective only in this range

G01 is effective in this range

G00 X____;

CLICK TO SEE G CODES:

G CODE

GROUP

FUNCTION

G00

POSITION (RAPID TRAVERSE)

G01
G02 G03 01

INEAR INTERPOLATION (FEED)

CIRCULAR INTERPOLATION CW CIRCULAR INTERPOLATION CCW

G04
G10 G11 G17 G18 G19 02 00

DWELL
DATA SETTING DATA SETTING MODE CANCEL Xp Yp PLANE SELECTION Zp Xp PLANE SELECTION Yp Zp PLANE SELECTION

G CODE

GROUP

FUNCTION

G20

INPUT IN INCH

G21

06

INPU IN MM

G27

Return to reference posiiton check

G28
G29 G30 G31 00

Return to reference posiiton

Return from reference posiiton 2nd 3rd &4th Return to reference posiiton Skip function

G33

01

Thread cutting

G CODE

GROUP

FUNCTION

G40

Cutter compensation cancel

G41
G42 G43

07
08

Cutter compensation left

Cutter compensation right Tool length compensation +direction

G44
G49

Tool length compensation direction

Tool length compensation cancel

G52 G53

00

Local coordinate system selection Machine coordinate system selection

G CODE
G54 G54.1 G55 G56 G57 G58 G60 G61 G62 G63

GROUP
14

FUNCTION
work piece coordinate selection 1 Additional work piece coordinate selection 1 work piece coordinate selection 2 work piece coordinate selection 3 work piece coordinate selection 4 work piece coordinate selection 5

00/01 15

Single direction positioning Exact stop mode Automatic corner overide Tapping mode

G64
G65 G66 G67 00 12

Cutting mode
Macro call Macro modal call Macro modal call cancel

G CODE
G73 G74 G76

GROUP
09`

FUNCTION
Peck drilling cycle Counter tapping cycle

09 G80 G81 G82 G83 G84 G85 G86 G87 G88 G89

Fine boring cycle Canned cycle cance Drilling cycle/spot boring cycle Counter boring cycle 09 peck drilling cycle Tapping cycle boring cycle boring cycle Back boring cycle Boring cycle Boring cycle

G CODE
G90 G91 G94

GROUP
03 05 13 10

FUNCTION
Absolute command Increment command Feed per minute

G95
G96 G97 G98

Feed per rotation

Constant surface speed control Constant surface speed control cancel Return to initial point in canned cycle

G99

Return to R point in canned cycle

BASIC M CODES
M functions : This function pertains to auxiliary or switching information, which does not relate to dimensional movement of the machine, such as spindle command or coolant ONOFF & other functions. Some of the miscellaneous functions are defined by CNC system manufacturers and some are defined by machine tool manufacturers. A list of M-functions are given below;

CLICK TO SEE M CODES:

M-CODES
M00 PROGRAM STOP M01 OPTIONAL STOP M02 PROGRAM END M03 CW SPINDLE ROTATION M04 CCW SPINDLE ROTATION M05 SPINDLE STOP M06 TOOL CHANGE CYCLE M08 COOLANT PUMP ON M09 COOLANT PUMP OFF M10 ROTARY TABLE UNCLAMP (4TH AXIS) #-OPTIONAL FUNCTIONS.FOR DETAILS REFER THE
MACHINE MANUFACTURES MANUAL

M11 M19 M28 M29 M30 M36 M37 M43 M44 M48 M48 M55 M65 M66 M67 M68

ROTARY TABLE CLAMP (4TH AXIS) SPINDLE ORINTATION STOP RIGID TAP MODE CANCEL RIGID TAP MODE CANCEL PROGRAM END AND REWIND COMPONENT LOAD CYCLE COMPONENT UNLOAD CYCLE DOOR CLLOSE DOOR OPEN SPINDLE OVERIDE ENABLE SPINDLE OVERIDE DISABLE JIG FLUSHING COOLANT IMAGE X AXIS IMAGE Y AXIS IMAGE 4TH AXIS IMAGE CANCEL

M70 M71 M74 M76 M77 M78 M90 M91

TOOL POCKET DOWN DOUBLE ARM GRIPS TOOLS DOUBLE ARM ROTATES 1800 AND LOADS TOOLS SPINDLE TOOL CLAMP M-CODES ARM RETURN TO PARKING POINT TOOL POCKET UP CLEAR TOOL DATA SET TOOL DATA

G00 (POSITIONING) & G01 (LINEAR INTERPOLATION)

G00 (POSITIONING)
G00 COMMAND MOVES A TOOL TO POSITION IN THE WORK PIECE SYSTEM SPECIFIED WITH ABSOLUTE OR INCREMENTAL COMMAND AT A RAPID TRAVERSE RATE.

G01 (LINEAR INTERPOLATION)

A TOOL MOOVES ALONG A LINE TO SPECIFIED POSITION AT A FEED RATE SPECIFIED IN F IN PART PROGRMME.
THE FEED RATE SPECIFIED IN F IS EFFECIVE UNTIL NEW VALUE IS SPECIFIED.IT NEED NOT BE SPECIFIED FOR EACH BLOCK.

G90 (ABSOLUTE) & G91 (INCREAMENTAL)

TYPES OF DIMENSIONING SYSTEMS

1. Absolute dimensioning system (G90): The system in which all the measurements are taken from a fixed origin with coordinates X=0, Y=0 and Z=0 is known as absolute coordinate system. This origin serves as a datum position from which all the distances are measured parallel to each axis of the system.

Absolute Dimensions

0,0
10 20 30 40

TYPES OF DIMENSIONING SYSTEMS

2. Incremental dimensioning system (G91): The system in which all measurements for the next position are calculated in the forms of increments of distance from the point at which the slide is resting presently. Hence needs no predetermined datum point.

Incremental Dimensions

10

10

10

10

Machine referance Pos 2 Pos 1

(10.00) (10.00) (10.00) (20.00) (20.00) (20.00)

Work offset

a) Positioning

Machine referance

(10.00) (10.00) (10.00) (20.00) (20.00) (20.00)

Positioning should be always programmed in Work absolute mode for to avoid any changes offset in part programme during set up change. Moove Tool from m/c ref to work offest on Rapid. G00 G90 XO.O YO.O ZO.1 ;

a)Incremental programming

Machine referance
(10.00) (10.00) (10.00)

Work offset Move Tool from work zero To Pos no-1 and 2 in feed .
G00 G90 X 0 Y 0 Z 0 ;

(20.00)

(20.00)

(20.00)

G01 G91 X-20.0 Y10.0 F100.0 ;

G01 G91 X-20.0 Y10.0;

a)Absolute programming

Machine referance
(10.00) (10.00) (10.00)

Work Moove Tool from work zero To Pos no-1 and 2offset in feed . G00 G90 X0 Y0 Z0;
G1X-20.00 Y10.00 F100.0 ;

(20.00)

(20.00)

(20.00)

G1 X-40.0 Y20.0 ;

WORK OFFSET

WORK OFFSET (WORK COODRDINATE SYSTEM)

WORK OFFSET IS THE DISTANCE BETWEEN MACHINE REF POINT TO WORK ZERO (Ref point) POSITION.

MACHINE REF POINT

Z -230.25 X100.0 Y 120.5 (X0.0 Y0.0 Z0.0) WORK REF POINT

Command :

G00 G90 G10 L2P2 X100 Y120.5 Z-230.25;

WHY WORKPIECE COORDINAYE SYSTEM

IT IS DIFFICULT TO WRITE PART PROGRAMME WITH REFERANCE TO MACHINE REF POINT ANY EDITING OR SMALL CORRECTION NEEDS MORE CALCULATION DIFFICULT TO READ AND UNDERSTAND PROGRAMME w.r.t. DRAWING.

SELECTING WORKPIECE COORDINATE SYSTEM

G54 WORK PIECE COORDINATE SYSTEM 1 G55 WORK PIECE COORDINATE SYSTEM 2 G56 WORK PIECE COORDINATE SYSTEM 3 G57 WORK PIECE COORDINATE SYSTEM 4 G58 WORK PIECE COORDINATE SYSTEM 5 G59 WORK PIECE COORDINATE SYSTEM 6

G 54 WORK PIECE CO ORDINATE SYSTEM 1

G 55 WORK PIECE CO ORDINATE SYSTEM 2

ADVANTAGES OF MANY WORK CORDINATE SYSTEMS

WHENEVER MORE THAN ONE PART IS BEING MACHINED ON SAME FIXTURE, PROGRAMMING CAN BE WRITTEN MORE CONVINIENTLY FOR EACH PART BY MENTIONING DIFFERENT COORDIANTE SYSTEM.

STATION 3

STATION 2

STATION 1

G56

G55

G54

SETTING WORKPIECE COORDINATE SYSTEM

G00 G90 G10 L2P1 X__ Y__ Z__; G00 G90 G10 L2P2 X__ Y__ Z__; G00 G90 G10 L2P3 X__ Y__ `Z__;

PROGRAMMABLE DATA INPUT PAGE NUMBER

WORK COORDINATE SYSTEM`3

TOOL LENGTH OFFSET

WHAT IS TOOL LENGTH

TOOL DIAMETER

TOOL LENGTH

TOOL LENGTH OFFSET

ALWAYS PART PROGRAMMING IS DONE CONSIDERING TOOL LENGTH AS ZERO.WHEN IN ACTUL TOOL WILL BE HAVING SOME LENGTH. FOR SMALL VARIATION IN ONE TOOL LENGTH PART PROGRAMME HAS TO BE CHANGED TO GET DESIRED QUALITY TO COMPENASTE TOOL LENGTH w.r.t. WORK COORDINATE SYSTEM AUTOMATICALLY, TOOL LENGTH OFFSET WILL BE GIVEN

(X0.0 Y0.0 Z0.0) WORK REF POINT

IF TOOL LENGTH OFFSET NOT GIVEN

(X0.0 Y0.0 Z0.0) WORK REF POINT

IF TOOL LENGTH OFFSET GIVEN

(X0.0 Y0.0 Z0.0) WORK REF POINT

TOOL DIAMETER OFFSET

ALLWAYS PART PROGRAMMING IS DONE CONSIDERING SPINDLE CENTER AXIS.WHEN IN ACTUL TOOL WILL BE HAVING SOME DIAMETER. FOR SMALL VARIATION IN ONE TOOL DIAMETER PART PROGRAMME HAS TO BE EDITED TO GET DESIRED QUALITY TO COMPENASTE TOOL DIAMETER w.r.t. WORK COORDINATE SYSTEM AUTOMATICALLY, TOOL DIAMETER OFFSET WILL BE GIVEN

IF TOOL DIAMETER OFFSET NOT GIVEN

(X0.0 Y0.0 Z0.0) WORK REF POINT

IF TOOL LENGTH OFFSET GIVEN

(X0.0 Y0.0 Z0.0) WORK REF POINT

G- COMMANDS FOR TOOL LENGTH COMPENSATION

G43 - TOOL LENGTH COMPENSATION + ve G44 - TOOL LENGTH COMPENSATION - ve G49 - TOOL LENGTH COMPENSATION CANCEL.

O0001; N1 M36; N15 G10 G90 L2P2 X-020.025 Y-134.30 Z-359.45; N20 G10 G90 L2P3 X-204.970 Y-134.30 Z-388.24; N25 G10 G90 L2P4 X-020.025 Y-240.93 Z-420.93; N30 T51: N35 G0 G90 G55 X0.0 Y17.0 M03 S2000; N40 GO G43 H1 M8; N45 G1 G41 X-6.1 Y5.05 D1; --------------------N75G0 G90 G56 X51.5 Y15S2500; --------Go G49 Z100;

G28 AND G30 (Ref point return, 2nd 3rd and 4th point return)

G28 REFERANCE POINT RETURN

FOR REF PT RETURN GENERALLY NO Return to reference point INTERMEDIATE VALUE IS Command: EXECUTED G00 G91 G28 X0.0 Y0.0 Z 0.0;

G 28

FOR REF PT RETURN IS GENERALLY EXECUTED ONLY IN G91 MODE

M/c REF POINT

G30 2nd 3rd & 4th REFERANCE POINT RETURN FOR REF PT RETURN NO GENERALLY INTERMEDIATE VALUE IS EXECUTED Command:

G00 G91 G30 P2 X0.0 Y0.0 Z 0.0;

P2 is optional for 2nd reference point, where as P3,P4 are mandatory respective FOR REF PT for RETURN IS ref point return GENERALLY EXECUTED ONLY IN G91 MODE

APPLICATIONS OF G30
MOVE TO TOOL CHANGE POSSITION MOVE TO PALLET CHANGE POSITION WHEREVER MORE THAN ONE PALLET.

PLANE SELECTION

G17 G18 &G19

SELECTION OF PLANE IS DONE FORCIRCULAR INTERPOLATION,CUTTER COMPENSATION.

G code G17 G18
G19

Selected plane Xp Yp plane Zp Xp plane

Yp Zp plane

G17 Xp Yp plane

When machined is switched on G17 will be by default

G18 Zp Xp plane

G18 will be active till another G code of same group is executed

G19 Yp Zp plane

G19 will be active till another G code of same group is executed

Example of plane selection

T6;
G0 G90 G55 X28.75 Y-109.5 S3180 M3; G43 H6 Z16.6 M8;

G19;
G03 Y83.7 Z16.6 J12.9 K0.0;

G0 Z16.6;
G17;