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Eukaryotic Cells
Cell Parts
Cells the basic unit of life Organelles - small structures inside a cell with specific functions.
A) Cell Membrane/Plasma
Membrane
Cell membrane
1. Function: Regulates materials entering and exiting the cell. 2. Structure: Two layers of phospholipids, proteins
B) Cytoplasm
Cytoplasm
1. Function: All cell contents that lie between the cell membrane and the nucleus. (organelles + cytosol) a. Cytosol = liquid portion/non-organelles. 2. Structure: made up of fluid and organelles except for nucleus
Analogy All air, water, life that are in Rocklin, except City Hall
C) Nucleus
Nucleus
1. Function: Control Center. Regulates DNA & RNA actions. 2. Structure: membrane bound, contains DNA
D) Nuclear Envelope
Nuclear Envelope
1. Function: Regulates what enters or exits the nucleus. 2. Structure: Double Layer of Lipids
E) Nucleolus
Nucleolus
1. Function: Produces RNA, which are used to make all proteins. 2. Structure: Inside Nucleus, separate from DNA
2. Structure: Made up of nucleotides, locked in the nucleus Analogy The Laws or City Code
G) Endoplasmic Reticulum
Rough ER
Smooth ER
H) Ribosomes
Ribosomes Free Ribosomes
Vesicles
1. Function: Storage for water, nutrients or waste. 2. Structure: small membrane-bound organelle.
J) Lysosomes
Lysosomes
1. Function: packets of enzymes that break down materials in a cell. 2. Structure: Small membrane-bound organelles
K) Mitochondria
Mitochondria
1. Function: Produce energy for the cell site of cellular respiration. The Powerhouse 2. Structure: Double membrane-bound, kidney shaped.
Analogy PG&E
L) Golgi Apparatus
Golgi Apparatus
1. Function: Packages, labels and ships proteins out of the cell. 2. Structure: Pancake-shaped layered organelle
M) Cytoskeleton
Microfilaments
Microtubules
b. Microtubules
2. Structure: Tubules
1. Function: microtubules that help divide the cell during cell division. Structure: Tubules
1. Function: provides movement for the cell or objects moving by the cell. 2. Structure:
a. Flagella 1 long fiber b. Cilia many short fibers
1. Function: site of photosynthesis (converting sun and CO2 into sugar). 2. Structure: Membrane bound organelles that contain chlorophyll
1. Function: Provides support for the cell and the plant. 2. Structure: Made of cellulose
Stadium Example:
Cell membrane: wall of stadium, gates Cytoplasm: everything inside the stadium. Nucleus: the control room for the stadium. Etc