Documenti di Didattica
Documenti di Professioni
Documenti di Cultura
Outline
El Tordillo Field Description. Area Central Norte Waterflood Project Description. Data Acquisition and Preparation. Production and Injection Data Analysis. Integration of Results. Conclusions and Recommendations
Objectives
To present a description of El Tordillo Field and the Area Central Norte waterflood project. To show the preparation of the production and injection data.
El Tordillo Field
71 70 69 68 67
0
44
30
MILES
71 70 69 68 67 66
SOMOCURA MASSIF
44
MILES
WESTERNMASSIF SOMOCURA
ANDEAN BELT
AREA
ANDEAN BELT
COMODORO RIVADAVIA
CENTRAL AREA
SOUTH-
OCEAN
CHILE
ARGENTINA
45
46
CENTRAL 45 BASIN
OFFSHORE
46 COMODORO RIVADAVIA
47 CENTRAL
BASIN OFFSHORE
ATLANTIC
46
SOUTH FLANK
SOUTHWESTERN AREA 47
71 FLANK 70
SOUTH
DESEADO MASSIF
69
47
68
67
66
71
70
DESEADO MASSIF
69 68 67
66
SUPERFICIE=116 Km
8.8 Km
SUPERFICIE=116 Km PERIMETRO=154 Km
8.8 Km
PERIMETRO=154 Km
ATLANTIC
COMODORO RIVADAVIA
OCEAN
CHILE
ARGENTINA
30
45
NORTH-
47
850
420
69 9,840 ft
Area
OOIP
29,000 acres
1,800 MMSTB
Reservoir Description
El Tordillo Field reservoir consists of a complex of fluvial-dominated sandstone sequences comprised of multiple layers with distinctive shale zones. Sandstones bodies are concentrated in groups, locally called complejos. Normal faults are the most common and most important structures in the reservoir.
Trbol, Comodoro Rivadavia, Mina El Carmen are principal producing formations in the stratigraphic column in the reservoir.
Excellent continuity of oil-bearing sands, Sequence development, and A high cumulative oil recovery.
These three characteristics are sufficient to define El Tordillo Field as feasible for waterflooding.
(Aug 99)
= 2200 STB/D
1000
CAUDAL [m3/d]
800
600
400
200
Oct-91
Oct-92
Oct-93
Oct-94
Oct-95
Oct-96
Oct-97
Oct-98
Abr-92
Abr-93
Abr-94
Abr-95
Abr-96
Abr-97
Abr-98
Ene-92
Ene-93
Ene-94
Ene-95
Ene-96
Ene-97
Ene-98
Ene-99
Abr-99
Jul-91
Jul-92
Jul-93
Jul-94
Jul-95
Jul-96
Jul-97
Jul-98
MESES
T.SUR
TN
ACN
LPE
BLOQUE D
ACNE
LPS
ACNSOM
TSPROF.
Jul-99
2000 ft
8000 ft
8141 ft
7993 ft 8787 ft
8207 ft
8450 ft 8472 ft
8561 ft 8521 ft
9000 ft
10000 ft
0 ft
1300 ft
2600 ft
3900 ft
5200ft
6500 ft
7800 ft
9100 ft
10500 ft
4000 ft
5000 ft
EL TREBOL FORMATION
6000 ft
7000 ft
8056 ft
9000 ft
0 ft
650 ft
1300 ft
1950 ft
2600 ft
3250 ft
3900 ft
4550 ft
5200 ft 5600 ft
Top of Reservoir Contour Plot (ft) ACN Study Region El Tordillo Field Patagonia, Argentina
Reservoir Thickness Contour Plot (ft) ACN Study Region El Tordillo Field Patagonia, Argentina
Data Preparation
Production Data
Injection Data
Static Reservoir Data
Geological Markers
Available information used to re-allocate production on a perwell basis after each completion and each re-completion.
and
Reinitialize the production data in time. Reallocate the total production for each reservoir
interval.
1.E+02
1.E+01
1.E+00
1962 1966 1970 1974 1978 1982 1986 1990 1994 1998
Date, year
Data Preparation
Production Data
Injection Data
Static Reservoir Data
Data Preparation
Production Data
Injection Data
Static Reservoir Data
2500
high avg.
2000
low
1500
1000
500
Date, year
Reservoir properties
Skin factor for near well damage Effective permeability, k
or stimulation, s
Reservoir Properties
Porosity: Irreducible Water Saturation : Net Pay Interval : Initial Reservoir Pressure: 0.15 (fraction) 0.25 (fraction) 131 ft 1,830 psia
Fluid Properties
Oil Formation Volume Factor: Oil Viscosity: Total Compressibility 1.2 RB/STB 1.0 cp 25 E-6 psia-1
Oil
Water
1.E+03
1.E+02
1.E+01
1.E+00 1975
1979
1983
1987
1991
1999
Date, year
We note a good match of all the production data, for both the transient
and boundary-dominated flow periods in trend #1.
Oil
Water
1.E+03
Secondary Primary
Trend #2
1.E+02
1.E+01
1.E+00 1975
1979
1983
1987
1991
1999
Date, year
We note an excellent match of all the production data, for both the
transient and boundary-dominated flow periods (Trend #2).
Oil
Water
1.E+03
Secondary Primary
1.E+02
1.E+01
Secondary Trend
1.E+00 1975
1979
1983
1987
1991
1999
Date, year
We note a good match of all the production data in the boundary-dominated flow periods during the secondary production trend.
Volumetric Properties
Original Oil in Place, N = 5,485 MSTB Drainage Area, A = 92.8 acres
Flow Properties
Permeability, Skin factor, k = 0.452 md s = -5.57
Extrapolating the trends prior to waterflood response to qo=0, the primary movable oil is obtained.
qo vs. Np (Semi-Empirical-Approach) (S-677)
(This plotting approach is used when bottomhole pressure data are not available).
Extrapolating the trends in the waterflood period to qo=0, the secondary movable oil is obtained.
qo vs. Np (Semi-Empirical-Approach) (S-677)
This plotting approach is used when bottomhole pressure data are not available.
Secondary Performance
Reservoir properties
Reservoir Properties
Porosity: Irreducible Water Saturation : Net Pay Interval : Initial Reservoir Pressure: 0.15 (fraction) 0.25 (fraction) 166 ft 1,000 psia
Fluid Properties
Oil Formation Volume Factor: Oil Viscosity: Total Compressibility 1.01 RB/STB 1.0 cp 40 E-6 psia-1
1.E + 05
1.E + 04
3,500 3,000
1.E + 03
1.E + 02
1.E + 01
9401
9501
9601
9701
9801
9901
Date, year
Pwf qwi
5,500
We note a good match of the injection datafor both the transient and transition flow periods.
Volumetric Properties
Total system volume available for injection, Injection Area,
Flow Properties
Permeability, Skin factor, kw = 1.848 md s = -6.498
By plotting the injectivity index, (qwi/Dp), versus cumulative water injection, we can estimate the injectable water volume when (qwi/Dp)=0.
(qwi/Dp) vs. Wi
We note a reasonably linear trend with significant data scatter. The extrapolation of this trend yields Winj = 11.1 x 106 STBW
Flow Capacity, kh Original Oil-in-Place,OOIP Primary and Secondary EUR Total Recovery Factor Secondary/Primary Recovery Ratio.
OOIP EUR(p)
EUR(p) kh
OOIP kh
1.E+06
1.E+05
EUR
PRIMARY
= 0.1 OOIP
1.E+05
1.E+04
EUR
1.E+03 1.E+05
SECONDARY
= 0.047 OOIP
1.E+06
1.E+07
1.E+08
EUR
Estimated Ultimate Recovery (Secondary), STB
Secondary
= 0.47 EUR
Primary
1.E+06
1.E+05
Avg Low
1.E+02
1.E+01
kh
(avg)
= 4.7624 q oi
0.4944
Avg Low
1.E+07
1.E+06
OOIP
1.E+05 1.E+01 1.E+02
(avg)
= 119017 q oi
0.6681
1.E+03
1.E+04
1.E+06
1.E+05
0.5243
1.E+05
1.E+04
EUR
1.E+03 1.E+01
(avg) (Secondary)
= 14299 q oi
0.4538
1.E+02
1.E+03
1.E+04
Conclusions
The following conclusions are noted:
The guidelines to set the production and injection reallocation are well established an all of the necessary information/ data was identified and sorted.
Conclusions (Cont.)
Integrating the results of this study, we identified areas with
favorable conditions for additional oil reserves. We believe that a detailed analysis (on a well-by-well basis) of these zones will support the drilling of new infill wells in the ACN Region.
Conclusions (Cont.)
The secondary/primary recovery ratio for the ACN Region
(0.47) is a useful parameter for predicting secondary EUR in the preliminary evaluation of other projects with similar characteristics as El Tordillo Field.
Recommendations
In order to enhance the recovery in the ACN Region, a detailed surveillance program is proposed:
Monitoring of production by sands or by groups of sands. Periodic measurements of static reservoir pressure. Pressure and rate monitoring of water injection. Periodic step rate tests to optimize injection pressures and
rates. Injection profile logging (for routing of injections fluids). Periodically perform specific production tests. Periodically check fluid levels to ensure pump-off in producing wells.
Dedication
This work is dedicated to my lovely wife, Diana and to my two beautiful children, Lucia y Manuel.
Acknowledgments
I would like to thank Tecpetrol S.A for providing me the opportunity and the financial support to pursue my Master of Engineering degree at Texas A&M University. I would also like to thank the following individuals for their contributions to this work:
Dr. T.A. Blasingame , for serving as Committee Chairman, and for his advise, support, and encouragement during this investigation. Dr. A. Datta-Gupta, Dr. R. Thompsen and Dr. J. Watkins for serving as Committee Members.
Evaluation of Reservoir Performance Using Decline Type Curves Improve Reservoir Description - Area Central Norte (ACN) Region, El Tordillo Field Argentina
Final Project for Carlos Alejandro Berto
Master of Engineering