Lecture : 33-39

Polymers
Prepared By Mr. Harminder Singh

Department of Chemistry Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India.

E-mail: harminder.singh@lpu.co.in

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Polymers
You may think of polymers as being a relatively modern invention however naturally occurring polymers have been used for thousands of years wood, rubber, cotton, wool, leather, silk,.. etc Artificial polymers are, indeed, relatively recent and mostly date from after WWII in many cases, the artificial material is both better and cheaper than the natural alternative
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A polymer is a large molecule made by linking together repeating units of small molecules called monomers

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Polymerization
Addition Polymerization Condensation Polymerization

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Occurs in the presence of a Lewis acid

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Properties and uses

Good fibre-forming material and is converted into commercial fibres. Such fibres have high stretch resistance, high crease and wrinkle resistance. Highly resistant to mineral and organic acid, but is less resistant to alkalies. Used for making synthetic fibres like terylene, dacron etc. For blending with wool to provise better crease and wrinkle resistance. A glass reinforcing material in safety helmets, aircraft battery boxes, etc.
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in an organic solvent like heptane

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A typical Ziegler-Natta catalyst is a combination of TiCl4 and (CH3CH2)2AlCl, or TiCl3 and (CH3CH2)3Al. Many Ziegler-Natta catalyst combinations include a metallocene.

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Al(CH2CH3)3

TiCl4

ClAl(CH2CH3)2 + CH3CH2TiCl3

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Al(CH2CH3)3

TiCl4

ClAl(CH2CH3)2 + CH3CH2TiCl3

CH3CH2TiCl3

H2C

CH2

CH3CH2TiCl3

H2C
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CH2
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CH3CH2TiCl3

H2C
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CH2
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TiCl3

CH3CH2CH2CH2

CH3CH2TiCl3

H2C
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CH2
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TiCl3

CH3CH2CH2CH2

H2C

CH2

H2C

CH2

TiCl3

CH3CH2CH2CH2
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CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2

TiCl3

H2C

CH2

TiCl3

CH3CH2CH2CH2
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CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2

TiCl3

H2C

CH2

etc.

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