A Roadmap

 ITU-T Recommendation. Y.2001:

◦ A Next Generation Network (NGN) is a packet-based
network able to provide Telecommunication Services and
able to make use of multiple broadband, QoS-enabled
transport technologies and in which service-related
functions are independent from underlying transport-
related technologies. It enables unfettered access for
users and networks to competing service providers
and/or services of their choice. It supports generalized
mobility which will allow consistent and ubiquitous
provision of services to users

Generalized Mobility Convergence btw. Fixed & Mobile

Unfettered Access Any Device Scenario

Separation Services with Transport Architecture and Open API

QoS-enabled Transport
Manageable Broadband
Multiple-Broadband
 Packet-based network
Separation of
Voice, Data service, control,
Multimedia Services media and access

Quick introduction
NGN Open interfaces
of new services

Multi-vendor
interoperability
 Services
Transport
Access

• Separation between Services and Transport

• Independence between Access and Services
• Generalized Mobility with Broadband capability
• Packet based network support QoS and Security
• Control - Session based
 Service Layer Service A Service B

Open interfaces

Control Layer SIP

Management

Databases Separated control

H.248 QoS
NB Wireless
Mechanism

BB Wireless

IP/MPLS Transport Core

BB Wireline

Usage
Measurement

Access Layer FMC Transport Layer

5
 Operator 1 Operator 2

Merged Application, Control and Media Transport

Planes
> Three-Party model : the call is a network service
> Quality of Service (QoS) guaranteed by resource
reservation, state maintenance, and proper network
dimensioning
> Universal reach through interconnection agreements at
service level and a universal naming for the telephony
service
> Charging related to the amount of used service
 AS
AS

Operator 1 Operator 2

Separate Application, Control and Transport Planes

> Two-Party model: communication applications hosted by

end-users
> QoS at transport level ensured following explicit user
requests
> Interconnection agreements limited to transport:
universal reach per application ensured by proper naming
and Server Interconnection
> Charging related to amount of transported data
 Should borrow the best from
◦ Telephony : service offer with associated revenues
◦ Internet : flexibility and openness towards new
applications
> Three key properties of a converged next generation
network
• Network services: centered around person to person
communication
– Provide the essential revenue stream to network operators
• Broadband access: Always-on in native packet mode
– Ensure end users capability of using new applications and services
• Other Applications and Services: offered by 3rd party providers
– Brokered by the network operator with QoS guarantee or...
– Accessed by end user as in Internet mode without service guarantee
 Wireless

Internet
Mobile

Convergences
Fixed Network Broadcasting
MPLS
Core

Other
s
Cable TV

ICT
 Any
Combination of
Services

Voice Services

Data Services

Video Services
14
 Circuit Switched (CS) domain
MAP
MSC- PSTN/ISDN
G-MSC
VLR PSTN/ISDN

A1/A2/A5
MAP MAP
other
BTS BSC/PCF PLMN
SCP HLR SMS SC

A10/A11

IS95A/B/1x Base Station

System IP backbone Internet
PDSN Network HA Pi Intranet

AAA

Packet Switched (PS) domain

Interworked
Radio Access Network Core Network Network
 SCPe HLRe

MAP MAP
A1
BTS BSC
MSCe MSCe
SIP-T
A2 other
A1 PLMN
Legacy BSS H.248 /
p H.248 /
MEGACO
MEGACO
based
based

IP MGW PSTN/ISDN
A2 MGW transport
p
BTS BSC

A10/A11 IP backbone Internet

PDSN Network
HA
ALL-IP BSS Pi Intranet
AAA
Packet Data System Interworked
Access Network
Core Network Network
 IP Multimedia Domain

Application
Server
HSS

BGCF Other IP/

Diameter SIP IMS Network
CSCF MGCF
SIP
BSC H.248
BTS
PCF MRF
PDF MGW
A
IP Multimedia System Legacy/
ALL-IP RAN
PSTN

AGW HA

Packet Data System

Interworking
Access Network Core Network Network
 Trends say it all
Tariff

Customers

Returns

Traffic

Customers

O&M Effort
O&M Cost

PSTN Mobile, Internet

There is a need to Mobile Traffic is
keep network increasing but is Broadband access
costs as low as Data traffic
shared between emerging as the
possible showing growth
many operators key demand on all
primarily with
type of user
Broadband access
terminals
 Location-
Presence-driven Find-Me,
Based
Services Follow Me
Services

Enterprise Converged
Consumer Alerting Services
Integration VPN (Weather, Traffic)
Services

Custom Push
Games Ringback To
Tone Talk
Enterprise
& Small
Business Multimedia Instant
Services Commerce Messaging

Voice & Data Voice & Data Micro

Pre-Paid
- Post-Paid Payments
Wholesale
Services

Voice
Internet Data Video
31
 Current fixed line broadband does not offer
mobility or nomadism
◦ Solution required for offering Generalized Mobility
 QoS when unfettered access is available has to
be made more broad based
 Multiple access methods for BB access need to

be integrated
◦ Fixed, Wireless, Mobile, Satellite BB access
 Services determine Bandwidth requirements
◦ Choice of right mix of services and access methods
need to be weighed to make the subscriber offerings

32
 Bandwidth Requirements
Service Bandwidth QoS Requirement
(downstream)
Broadcast TV (MPEG-2) 2 to 6Mb/s Parameterized
HDTV (MPEG-4) 6 to 12Mb/s Parameterized
PPV or NVoD 2 to 6Mb/s Prioritized
VoD 2 to 6Mb/s Prioritized
Picture in Picture (MPEG-2) up to 12Mb/s Parameterized
PVR 2 to 6Mb/s Prioritized
Interactive TV up to 3Mb/s Best effort
High-speed Internet 3 to 10Mb/s Best effort
Video Conferencing 300 to 750Kb/s Prioritized
Voice/Video Telephony 64 to 750Kb/s Prioritized

34
 Access Network
Technologies
FTTH: EPON, GPON
1Gb/s
Triple
100Mb/s: VDSL2 FTTC/B: FLC, EPON, GPON Play
100Mb/ Service
Data Rate

s 20Mb/s:VDSL2, ADSL2+ FTTN: FLC, EPON,

GPON
10Mb/
s 10Mb/s: VDSL, ADSL2 optical fiber
High
copper
1Mb/ Speed
s 1Mb/s: ADSL Internet

10 1 1km 10km
m 0
Distance
0
from Subscriber
m
35
 Internet
Data Center

Ethernet
over RPR

Data
Center

Ethernet over
SDH/DWDM
Ethernet
over Fiber

Data
Center
Internet
 Extension of “Quality of
Service”
Meaningful QoS for Multimedia
over Convergences

Quality of
Quality of Security Quality of Mobility Quality of Media
Personalization

• One-stop Service • RT Mobility control

• Service AAA
•Network AAA; • Service Continuity
• End-End QoS
Terminal, User, • QoS Monitoring
• Personalized service control
• Service Policy handover
Open/Control Mobility, Access etc. • Security support

39
 Facilitating contents delivery over various
convergence situation
 Supporting Mobility, Seamless handover etc.
 Minimizing Terminal and Network processing
 Identity Processing (multiple identity

requirements) in Converged Environment

40
 User ID Customer ID Service ID Comm. ID

Mobile Content
Phone Nr Owner ID
Provider ID

Family 1 Media ID
Fixed
Phone Nr Session ID

User Id: TCP/UDP

Earth-India- WiFi Port ID
Family 2
Man:APJ WiBro IP Address
-19yy-mm-dd Id
ATM/Ether
Cable/ net ID
- Certified by ITU -
Family 3 IPTV MAC ID
Id
E.164 ID

Internet Line ID
Id
Family 4
41
 HSS, AS and other service appln component NOC
OSS
• Performance
• Fault

CSCF •
•
Monitoring
Provisioning
Part of NIB-II

MGCF
GMSC + SPDF + ARACF +AGCF
SGSN

GSM SG
Network
GGSN
MGW
MG
PSTN
Network

MG MG

SSSC
Core IP/MPLS Network
AAA +
LDAP

Broadband
NOC
Access

Broadband
Multiplay N/w
 Converged Network Architecture
APPLICATIONS
NOC
Residential & mCommerc CUG
Corporate Gaming & IPTV / VoIP Ring Back OSS
VoD e& Services •
Multimedia tone Performance
Broadband Advertising • Fault
Session

• Monitoring
Control

• Provisioning
Session Centralized EMS NMS Probes

Manager Databases
Transport

Optical Transport Network

Core IP/MPLS Network

Softswitch
Access

Access Gateway Controller GSM/CDMA

Voice VOD IPTV Internet HSDPA /EV-DO
WiMax
Corporate / SOHO / Home WiFi
Hotspots
Devices

Customer IP- Phone

LAN & Soft phones
Video SDTV/ High speed
Phone
Conference HDTV Internet
High speed
Internet
 Policy driven
◦ Dynamic control of any aspect of routing and
forwarding from layer above
 Performance
◦ Performance for real time traffic
 QoS/SLA guarantees
◦ End to end scalable QoS
◦ It should provide isolation among various traffic
classes.
 Real time & non real time service support
 One to one, one to many and many to many
communications support
 Should support various types of traffic.
 Security
◦ Safeguards against security as per standards
 Availability
◦ Five 9s availability
 Flexibility
◦ Adherence to open interfaces for evolution and
customization is necessary.
 OAM
◦ Connectivity and fault localization to be supported
like in SDH, to be carrier class
 Scalability
◦ These networks shall be large is size hence scaling
to high traffic volumes shall be essential
46
 There may be a need to regulate contents in the
context of NGN. Responsibility of network
provider relating to content carried on the
network be limited to identify the source of the
content generation as long as it is provided by
content providers
 Bulk selling and virtual network operations in the

context of NGN needs to be considered

 Service providers should have full flexibility to

have mutually agreed SLAs to provide end-to-end

QoS for various applications
 There will be need to have interconnect exchanges for exchange
of IP traffic in NGN environment. However, it is recommended
that the modalities of functioning of such exchange may be
decided at appropriate time
 Present restrictions of setting up switching centers within the
licensed area may be re-looked. Service providers may be
provided flexibility to set up switching centers and
transmission centers based on requirement anywhere within
India de-linking from licensed area concept and do interconnection
at least at one point in each licensed area
 Mandatory interconnection between telecom networks should
continue. However, all NGN service providers should ensure
interconnection to all existing telecom service providers by putting
suitable equipments for providing interconnection to existing
service providers
 A committee may be formed under the aegis of
Telecom Engineering Center (TEC) to work out
country specific NGN standards and develop
interface approval mechanism for NGN
equipments to ensure smooth inter-operability
subsequently
 Emergency number dialing from IP telephony
subscribers be mandated, however,
methodologies of such implementation be left to
service providers
 Authentication of calling and called party
identification be mandated, however, its
implementation be left to individual service
providers
 Two NGN operators are to be interconnected
through Session Border Controller (SBC), having
support for different physical interfaces. All the
interfaces should be provided with adequate
redundancy with no single point of failure for that
device
◦ The Session Border Controller (SBC) may be a
standalone separate device or SBC functionalities may
be achieved through softswitch
◦ NGN and traditional PSTN/PLMN are to be
interconnected through Media Gateway and Signalling
Gateway
 TEC is to prepare Interface Requirement (IR) for
connectivity between two NGN networks
 The following standards based signalling protocols
are expected to be used in Next Generation Network
(NGN):
◦ SIGTRAN - between PSTN/PLMN and IP networks
◦ H.248 - between Media Gateway and Media Gateway
Controller
◦ SIP, SIP-T/SIP-I - between two IP networks & between
PSTN/PLMN and IP networks
◦ H.323/SIP-T/SIP-I - for international Connectivity
◦ For delivery of content (voice/data/video etc.), RTP/RTCP
protocol is to be used.
◦ TEC needs to prepare National Generic
Requirements/Standards for the signalling protocols
interfaces and also examine Interoperability issues
 The Centralised Lawful Monitoring System
(CMS)should be under the Government agency, say
VTM cell of DoT and having connectivity with all
service providers, LEAs and VTMs of DoT.
Provisioning of targets as warranted by Law
Enforcing Agencies (LEAs) should be done from CMS
by DoT (VTM) without the intervention of service
providers. TEC to prepare Generic Interface
Specification for CMS”
 NGN-eCO acknowledged that security is of
paramount importance to any network. Therefore,
TEC may be asked to work on various aspects of
security for the country keeping in view the global
trends
 National Numbering Plan needs to be modified to
include NGN. TEC to study and give detailed
recommendations
 Session Border Controllers (SBC) functionality as
described in para 3.1 should be used at borders,
between two NGN operators. Calling party identification
must be mandatory for routing the call in NGN networks
 In the short-term, existing billing mechanisms may
continue as it is in PSTN/PLMN for inter-operator/inter-
carrier reconciliation and subscriber billing, which
requires generation of CDR/IPDR records. In the long
term, interconnect billing may be based on various other
parameters such as bandwidth used, requiring
alternative record keeping mechanisms which would
depend on the methodology adopted for Inter Carrier
settlement
 Service provider must have mechanism for traffic
measurement to cover VoIP traffic measurement, voice
intrusive & non-intrusive performance measurements etc
 QOS ISSUES
◦ Various network QoS classes to be defined for service
offered through NGN network
◦ IP Packet Transfer Delay (IPTD), IP Packet Delay
Variation (IPDV), IP Packet Error Ratio (IPER) , IP Packet
Loss Ratio (IPLR), for real time/ non real time voice,
data, video and streaming multimedia services. This
should be defined for various classes of service
separately
◦ In case of VoIP, toll quality and non toll quality
parameters shall be defined. Customers should be
made aware of the difference in Quality and tariff
between the two services, by service providers.
Interconnection congestion limit should be specified.
Some percentage level should be defined for bandwidth
utilization. Call Completion rate within network and
across networks (inter network)
 QoS End to End - Across Networks
◦ Apportionment of impairment objectives among
operators and number of operators that could be
allowed in a particular scenario also needs to be worked
out
◦ Guaranteed Bandwidth, Bandwidth on demand
and Throughput i.e. effective data transfer rate
measured in bits per second need to be specified
particularly in NGN scenario
 IPv6 implementation will be desirable for
migration to NGN. However the need and time to
migrate to IPv6 be left to service providers
 NGN-eCO acknowledges the importance of net
neutrality in NGN environment, however feels
that no regulatory intervention is required at this
stage
 A committee under aegis of Telecom

Engineering Center (TEC) be constituted to study

requirement of network synchronization and
suggest methodologies of its implementation by
various service providers across the networks.
Based on the recommendation of TEC, DOT may
issue directions which shall be compulsorily
implemented by all service providers
 Application Other
Server Soft switch SBC
Networks

Line Line PRI

Media Media
Gateway Gateway

SHDSL
V5.2

Common IP MPLS Transport
RSU
2B+D
ADSL/ADSL2+
AN

TMG
E1s Local / Rural
SSTP Network Exchanges

57
 Total No. of
%age of Equipped % Equipped Working DELs % Working
Technology Exchanges % Loading
Exchange Capacity Capacity & DELs
(MSUs)

NEAX-61E 7 0.22% 83,219 0.18% 23,543 0.07% 28.29%

OCB-283 338 10.78% 8,967,304 19.28% 6,819,965 20.42% 76.05%

AXE-10 25 0.80% 921,353 1.98% 747,288 2.24% 81.11%

5-ESS 89 2.84% 2,249,018 4.83% 1,713,398 5.13% 76.18%

EWSD 179 5.71% 5,198,746 11.18% 3,742,849 11.21% 72.00%

FETEX-150L 16 0.51% 353,301 0.76% 180,761 0.54% 51.16%

C-DOT (SBM) 106 3.38%          

C-DOT (MAX-L) 408 13.01% 24,002,553 51.60% 17,192,294 51.47% 71.63%

C-DOT (MAX-
1,784 56.89%          
XL)

E-10 B 184 5.87% 4,744,696 10.20% 2,982,338 8.93% 62.86%

Total 3,136 100.00% 46,520,190 100.00% 33,402,436 100.00% 71.80%

 As on 31.05.2007 As on 31.03.2008 As on 31.03.2009 As on 31.03.2010 As on 31.12.2010

Basic Telephone

Total Number of
33,149,457 31,491,984 29,917,385 28,421,516 27,000,440
connections

WLL

Total Number of
3,599,544 5,400,000 8,400,000 10,800,000 12,840,000
connections

Mobile

Total Number of
28,423,283 56,430,000 92,430,000 128,430,000 155,430,000
connections

Internet

Total Number of
2,747,624 2,827,000 3,675,100 4,777,630 6,210,919
connections

Broadband

Total Number of
1,120,000 7,480,000 13,480,000 19,480,000 23,980,000
connections

IPTV

Total Number of
1,400,000 2,600,000 3,800,000
connections 200,000

Total   149,302,485 194,509,146 229,261,359

103,828,984
 Access Layer
◦ Fixed Line Access is designed for voice
◦ To be made capable of Broad band Multimedia access
such that speeds in access are compatible with those in
Wireless (42Mbps for HSPA, EVDO Rev ‘C’) so that FMC
can be exploited
◦ Copper can give speed up to 26 Mbps only within 500 m
◦ FTTH, FTTB, FTTC is the solution

61
 Transport Layer
◦ IP/MPLS is currently available in 106 cities
◦ There is an immediate need for extending it to 322 SSAs
for IP TAX
◦ By extending it to District and Taluka levels in addition
to facilitating NGN other opportunities like SWAN can
also be exploited
◦ It is Hub & Spoke model at national level which limits its
scalability
◦ Similar models need to be replicated at Circle level
◦ The networks at Circle level can preferably be
autonomous systems

62
 Control Layer
◦ IP TAX will introduce control elements for interfacing
with PSTN to NGN
◦ Current 45.5 Million CMTS tender will introduce 3G R6
and IMS solution
◦ The above two implementations will provide platform for
adoption of Fully Converged Network Architecture based
on IMS for Fixed, Mobile, FMC with future upgrades
 Service Layer
◦ Full services possible after above two projects
◦ However, SIP based services can be introduced even
now

63
 Offered services to have the following
features:
◦ Mobility: It should be possible for users to register
dynamically their current location so that they can
be contacted when mobile using a publicized
address
◦ Forking: It should be possible to associate multiple
devices with a single address, so that all or a
selection of these devices can be contacted
simultaneously or in succession
◦ Features Negotiation: It should be possible for the
users to negotiate media and protocol extensions to
be used for a particular call for setting up any type
of media conversation, including voice, video and
messaging
64
 Offered services to have the following
features:
◦ Applications Flexibility: It should be possible to
define, create and implement new applications in
the network. The new applications may be built up
on separate Application Servers which may be
located in the same network / domain or in some
other network / domain.
◦ Combinational services: It should be possible to
combine different services into one service e.g.,
instant messaging and voice

65
 Pilot Project for 200 KC IP TAX equipment
◦ This will introduce IP in transit network
 Plan to add 6.4 million Class-4 Transit capacity in
2008-2009 through IP TAX
 Plan to Strengthen SSTP Networks to become the

de-facto Signaling Network in BSNL

◦ Can be used for Local Number Portability and MNP
 Replacement of Legacy switches nearing
expiry/expired switches to begin from 2008-2009
by Next Generation Switching Architecture
 Plan to introduce SIP based services in 2008-
2009
 Migration to IMS and introduction of new
applications
◦ Applications like presence information,
videoconferencing, multiparty gaming, community
services and content sharing to roll out in a phased
manner from 2009
 For WLL Migration to LSMD from next
procurement and Migration to MMD to begin from
2009
◦ EVDO Rev “A” Hardware has already been asked for in
the current WLL Tender
◦ To have year wise procurement plans for WLL in line
with the developments of EVDO Rev “B” (2008-09) and
EVDO Rev “C” (2009-2010) standards
 To 3GPP Release 7 to integrate WLAN into NGN /
IMS Core from next WiMAX procurement
 To migrate the Fixed Line Access, which at
present is designed for Voice, to Broadband by a
suitable mix of Wireless Access, Copper, FTTH,
FTTB and FTTC solutions
◦ To add FTTH to 500,000 ports in 2008; 700,000 in 2009
and 800,000 in 2010
◦ To introduce FTTB and FTTC with VDSL2 wherever
feasible; Tentative target may be 9 Million
 To introduce Mobility in Broadband in 2009-2010
 To have IP backbone at Circle, Zonal and National
level
 To extend IP core from 106 locations to all SSAs
in 2008-2009 and to all DHQs in 2009-2010
◦ Introduce IPv6 in IP Core
◦ 24 Core nodes to be fully meshed by STM-256 links to
support Terabit throughput in Core
Full redundancy to be built in the core by having two
routers at each location
◦ The existing routers at Core locations to be moved to
secondary layer
◦ Secondary nodes at Circle level to be connected to Core
nodes at with 10 Gbps, 2.5 Gbps dual links
 Full migration to NGN with replacement of PSTN
by 2015
 STM-4/STM-1 : 622 Mb/s

STM-16/STM-4-2.5Gb/s
L-1 to L-1
21 cities
32 channel 2.5G-DWDM – 80Gb/s
Equipped for 40Gb/s
L1 to L2 322 SSAs

L2 to L3 cities : 2746
 DWDM : 80 Gb/s

32 Channel 2.5G-DWDM

L-1 to L-1
21 cities
40 channel 10G-DWDM : 400Gb/s

L1 to L2 322 SSAs

L2 to L3 cities : 2746
 NIB
Gatewa
y Video
server
National/SSA
DWDM Network

City DWDM OADM Network

MSPP Ring Network STM-16 STM-64 Rings

STM-16/4/1 Rings

COT Router
rin T

ring STM-16/4/1
CO
g

RTs Rings
Media
Gatewa
y
rin T

RSUs/
CO
g

RSUs/ GSM RLUs/Lease

CO RLUs/Lease MSCs d lines
d lines LE/
rin T
rin T

Tandem/
CO

g
g

TAX
 40 Chl – 10G Tera bit
L1 DWDM Backbone
Proposed
ASON enabled
High end OXC
Proposed
32 Chl – 2.5 G DWDM
L2 Backbone Proposed
Multi ADM 2048 X 2048 High end
L3
On LH links OXC Proposed +
Proposed MADMs
MADMs & MSPP STM-16
STM-64 City Access rings or
Endlinks SDCAs Rings
NIB Routers / BB Lan
for GSM
Switches/ COTs/ BSCs/
MSCs
TAXs/

STM-1 and CPE

City
Access Rings
GSM BTS /DLCs
/DSLAMs/RSUs/Customers
 36.0 M Lines 36. 0 M Lines 36.0 M Lines
GSM
50%2G, 50%3G 50%2G, 50%3G 50%2G, 50%3G

3.00 M Lines 2.4 0 M Lines 2.80 M Lines

WLL
EVDO Rev 'A' EVDO Rev 'B' EVDO Rev 'C'

40 G Core 40 G Core, 50 POPs

MPLSCore
150 POPs RACF, NASS

IMSCore Layer and

6.00 M Users 100.0 M Users
Services

Class-5 SIP Based

0.06 M Lines
Services Pilot

E-10B, NEAX, FETEX-

1.00 M Lines 2.16 M Lines
150LReplacement

AXE-10, 5ESS
1.45 M Lines
through TMG

AXE-10, 5ESS
1.00 M Lines
Replacement

C-DoT MAX-L/ MAX-

7.00 M Lines
XLMigration to

C-DoT AN thorugh
1.00 M Lines
TMG

EWSD Migration to
0.76 M Lines 1.14 M Lines 1.90 M Lines
AGW

OCB-283 Migration
1.36 M Lines 2.04 M Lines 3.40 M Lines
to AGW
Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
Calender Year 2008 2009 2010 2011
 E-Connectivity
 E-Agriculture
 E-Governance
 E-Commerce
 E-Education
 E-Health
 E-Entertainment
Thanks