SPECIAL EDUCATION

What is Special Education?

Is an individually planned and systematically implemented and carefully evaluated instruction Every child in the SpEd classroom is provided with individualized programs Teachers must employ effective strategies

Terms used in special education as defined in Section 4 of R.A. 7277:

Disabled Persons Individualized Education Program Mainstreaming Reasonable Accommodation Rehabilitation Sheltered Employment Social Barriers Zero Defect

What are the types of disabilities?

1.

2.
3.

Autism ADD/ADHD Learning Disabilities

a) b)

c)
d)

Dyslexia Dysgraphia Dyscalcula or Dyscalculia Non-verbal

4. 5. 6. 7.

Mental Retardation Physical Impairments Gifted and Talented Other types of disabilities

Whats in a Plan? Making special children learn

The Special Education Curriculum

Disabled Person
are

those suffering from restrictions or different disabilities as a result of a mental, physical or sensory impairment perform an activity in the manner or within the range considered normal for a human being

Individualized Education Program

commonly

called an IEP a legal document collaboratively prepared by the special education team of professionals (including childs parents) describes the childs academic assessment, progress, and instructional plans and procedures and necessary interventions

Mainstreaming
or

Least Restrictive Environment to the maximum extent for the child to participate with non-disabled peers in conjunction with the general education curriculum

Reasonable Accommodation
1)

2)

Improvement of existing facilities used by employees in order to render these readily accessible to and usable by disabled persons Modifications of work schedules, reassignment to a vacant position, acquisition or modification of equipment or devices, appropriate adjustment or modifications or examinations, and other similar accommodations for disabled persons

Rehabilitation
an

integrated approach to physical, social, cultural, spiritual, educational and vocational measures that create conditions for the individual to attain the highest possible level of functional ability.

Sheltered Employment
provision

of productive work for disabled persons through workshops

Social Barriers
refer

to the characteristics of institution, whether legal, economic, cultural, recreational or other, human group, community or society which limit the fullest possible participation of disabled persons in the life of the group.

Zero Defect
specifying

that all children, regardless of ability, are guaranteed a free and appropriate public education (PL94-142)

Autism
a

neurological disorder that affects communication and the processing of sensory information their behaviour and interests, as well as communication and social interactions skills are repetitive and restrictive Echolalia the repetitive communication disorder manifested by autistic children

ADD/ADHD
means Attention Deficit Disorder or Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder a biological, brain-based condition that is characterized by poor attention and distractibility and/or hyperactive and impulsive behaviours Some manifestations of children with ADD/ADHD:

they are physically active they care much less on difficult things they experience restlessness they talk a lot they exhibit many motor movements they make noises

Learning Disabilities
a

disorder in one or more of the basic psychological processes involved in understanding or using spoken or written language does not apply to children with learning problems that are primarily the result of visual, hearing or physical disabilities, mental retardation, emotional disturbance

Dyslexia
an

impairment in the ability to read or comprehend written language dyslexic children undergo dilemma on comprehension, identification of words, spelling, sentence and paragraph construction

Dysgraphia
a

disorder related to written language those who labor on handwriting, suffer clumsiness or encounter difficulty in walking, skipping and balancing cover spatial skills

Dyscalcula or Dyscalculia
the

difficulty of the individual in mathematical problems mental calculation, problem solving, probability, geometry are extraordinary challenge for them telling time on a regular clock, making change with money, reverse of numbers and even lining up the problems in correct rows and columns can be difficult for dyscalculic children

Non-verbal
a

disorder manifested by children who have motor, visual and spatial difficulties organizing time and tasks, sensitivity to senses and social skills are also included in this classification they are fluent and capable with language

Mental Retardation

a condition that affects an individuals general ability to learn materials, to adopt to the social demands/characteristics of a given age level, and to maintain appropriate interpersonal relationships with other people in the book of David (1986), the severity of children/adults who are mentally challenged are classified as: Classificat IQ Capabilities according to supervision ion Range
Mild
50-55 to 70 35-40 to 50-55 20-25 to 35-40

Can learn basic academics and have enough social adaptive ability to become semi-independent or independent living Can learn self-help, communicate, social and simple occupational skills but limited to academics and vocational skills Can learn self-help, communication and simple work tasks under supervision

Moderate

Severe

Physical Impairments
that affect movements an individuals gross-motor control or mobility (e.g. walking, standing) and fine-motor control (e.g. writing, holding) types of physical impairments are:
conditions

Impairment Cerebral Palsy

Description Literally means paralysis of the brain involving muscle control, posture and movement that is not progressive or does not get worse over time.

Hearing
Visual Aphasia or Apraxia

A permanent or temporary disability in listening that will affect learning skills or academic achievement.
Blindness is referred as having low or no vision, this impairment will adversely affect the childs educational performance. Expressive speech disorder or any language impairment, receptive or expressive, caused by brain damage.

Gifted and Talented

these

children exhibit excellence in the areas of intellect, creative arts, leadership and in some specific academic areas they are very sensitive and expect perfections on things and undertakings assigned to them failures are heartbreaking for them most likely lead to frustrations

Other types of disabilities:

Tourette

syndrome Down syndrome Aspergers syndrome Traumatic brain injury Emotional behaviour