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Personality
❚ Psychoanalytic Approach:
Freudian Psychoanalysis
and Post-Freudian Theories
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Psychoanalytic Approach
❚ Developed by Sigmund Freud
❚ Psychoanalysis is both an
approach to therapy and a theory
of personality
❚ Emphasizes unconscious
motivation - the main causes of
behavior lie buried in the
unconscious mind
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Psychoanalytic Approach
Rational, Information
planful, in your
mediating Conscious immediate
dimension Ego awareness
of personality
Superego Preconscious Information
which can
Moralistic, easily be
judgmental, made
Unconscious conscious
perfectionist
dimension of
personality Id Thoughts,
feelings,
urges, and other
Irrational, information
illogical, that is difficult
impulsive to bring to
dimension of conscious
personality awareness
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Psychoanalytic Approach
Conscious
❚ Conscious - Ego
all things we
Superego Preconscious
are aware of
at any given
moment Unconscious
Id
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Psychoanalytic Approach
❚ Preconscious - Conscious
everything that Ego
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Psychoanalytic Approach
❚ Unconscious - Conscious
inaccessible Ego
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Psychoanalytic
Divisions of the Mind
❚ Id - instinctual drives present at birth
❙ does not distinguish between reality and
fantasy
❙ operates according to the pleasure principle
❚ Ego - develops out of the id in infancy
❙ understands reality and logic
❙ mediator between id and superego
❚ Superego
❙ internalization of society’s moral standards
❙ responsible for guilt
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Defense Mechanisms
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Defense Mechanisms
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Defense Mechanisms
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Defense Mechanisms
❚ Projection - reducing anxiety by
attributing unacceptable impulses
to someone else
❚ Rationalization - reasoning away
anxiety-producing thoughts
❚ Regression - retreating to a mode
of behavior characteristic of an
earlier stage of development
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Psychosexual Stages
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Oral Stage (birth - 1 year)
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Anal Stage (1 - 3 years)
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Phallic Stage (3 - 5 years)
❚ Focus of pleasure shifts to the
genitals
❚ Oedipus or Electra complex can
occur
❚ Fixation can lead to excessive
masculinity in males and the need
for attention or domination in
females
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Latency Stage (5 - puberty)
❚ Sexuality is repressed
❚ Children participate in hobbies,
school and same-sex friendships
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Genital Stage (puberty on)
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Post-Freudian
Psychodynamic Theories
❚ Karen Horney’s focus on security
❚ Object relations theories
❚ Alfred Adler’s individual psychology
❚ Erik Erikson’s psychosocial
development
❚ Carl Jung’s collective unconscious
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