Nasional Curriculum Transformation begins following

the decision of the cabinet meeting, which chaired by the minister of Education on 23rd May 2008. It is an improvement efforts in the education system, particularly at the primary level which should be implemented to meet the needs of the school curriculum and the current and future challenges. Ministry of Education (MOE) has undertaken a study and found that there is a need to transform the primary school curriculum.

 Transformation of the primary school curriculum is an

effort to restructure and upgrade the existing primary school curriculum. The purpose of the transformation is to ensure students are provided with the knowledge, skills and values that are relevant to the current needs to meet the challenges of the 21st century. Transformation of the primary school curriculum focus is on the skills of reading, writing and arithmetic (3M), but taking into account the reasoning skills, creativity and innovation, Information and Communication Technology (ICT) and entrepreneurship element.

 In the process of transformation of primary school

curriculum, the MOE has done a curriculum benchmarking process around schools from developed countries to ensure that national school curriculum is developed at par with global education. MOE developed the Standard Curriculum for Primary Schools (KSSR), based on the principles of Integrated Curriculum for Primary Schools (KBSR) and the National Philosophy of Education. Curriculum which was developed also includes special education curriculum. Also to ensure that the curriculum is established, the pilot implementation was done in selected primary schools throughout the country.

 KSSR aims to produce a person which is balanced,

creative, critical, innovative , good communication skills, science and technology, physical and aesthetic development, skills themselves, humanity and spirituality, attitudes and full of good values. KSSR is based on National Education Philosophy and the National Education Policy. KSSR also taking into account the challenges of the 21st century, the New Economic Model (NEM) and the latest learning theory.

 KSSR also adopted UNESCO's four pillars of

education, which are: learning to know, learning to do, learning to live together, learning to be.

 Balanced in terms of human intellectual, spiritual,

emotional, physical and social Responsible citizens Citizens who can serve in the global arena (Global Player) knowledge workers

 Standard Curriculum for Primary Schools, KSSR

maintain those principles in the KBSR. This principle is still maintained as appropriate and relevant to produce a balanced and holistic person. The principles are as follows:
integrated approach an equitable education for all students development of the individual as a whole

education for life

 Major focus is on an integrated approach.

The elements of knowledge, skills and values are

combined in order to have unity in terms of intellectual, spiritual, emotional, physical and social.

 KSSR formulated to ensure that all subjects are cater to

the intellectual, spiritual, emotional, physical and social development. Each potential students develop an integrated manner.

 KSSR provide opportunities and fair to all students to

obtain knowledge and skills that are comprehensive and balanced.

 KSSR provides the knowledge and skills needed by all

students as a foundation for the challenges of daily life and lifelong learning.

 The spinal concepts introduced in the KSSR, is a form of

classification of fields of knowledge, skills and values. This concept focuses on the balanced development of human capital in terms of physical, emotional, spiritual, intellectual and social. Identified six important spinal which represent areas of knowledge, skills and values that form the basis of human development creative thinking, critical and innovative. The six important elements are explicitly structuring the field of knowledge, skills and values that students should master. Each the spinal interconnected and integrated.

 Communication

Physical Development and Aesthetic

Humanity Personal skills

Science and Technology

Spirituality, Attitude and Value

 KSSR ensure that pupils after six (6) years of schooling

would achieve standards of knowledge, skills and values which are set for each level. KSSR emphasis on the skills of reading, writing, mathematics and reasoning, 4M . Reasoning skills is the ability to make judgments and assessments by using common sense or logic.

 At Level I (tahap 1), the teaching and learning process

emphasize on the basic proficiency of 4M. Emphasis is given to literacy and numeracy skills to enable students master the skills. Emphasis is placed on the value-added skills of creativity and innovation, entrepreneurship and ICT. At Level II (tahap 2), the emphasis is on strengthening and application 4M skills while mastering ICT skills, mastery of more complex skills, knowledge acquisition, and development of the personality.

 Basic Core Module covers the basic learning module

consisting of English, Mathematics Module, Module Physical Education and Health Education Module. These modules must be studied by all pupils. Islamic education modules must be studied by Muslim students, and studied Moral Education Module by non-Muslim students.

 Core Modules Themes incorporates several disciplines

in a single module. There are two modules Core Themes of World Arts and World of Science and Technology (DST). World of Art consists of Visual Art World and World of Music. DST incorporates science disciplines, Design Technology (RBT) and Information and Communication Technology (ICT). Must be learned by all pupils.

 Elective module is a language discipline being offered

to students such as Arabic, Chinese national schools, Tamil national schools, Iban and Kadazandusun language. The module is offered to allow students skilled in multiple languages. The school should chose to perform at least one language in accordance with the Elective Module which are the school readiness in terms of teacher preparation, and infrastructure of school and demands from the pupils.

 In level II, curriculum is organized in modular form in

core subjects and elective subjects. Subject content is provided in the form of modules. Level 2 KSSR composition is shown in the table below.

 KSSR drafted in the form of a standard statement.

Standard statement consists of content standards and

the standards of learning to be achieved by students in a period and the level of schooling.

 EMK is an element of added value embedded in the

teaching and learning process other than those specified in the content standards. These elements are applied aimed at strengthening the skills and desired skills of human capital as well as addressing current and future challenges. Elements existing across the curriculum is like English, Science and Technology, Environmental Education, Values and Patriotism.

 The new EMK includes the Creativity and Innovation,

Entrepreneurship, and Information and Communication Technology which has been identified as a complement to efforts to enhance the quality of the implementation of the KSSR. Teachers must ensure that all elements are effectively applied across the curriculum in the teaching and learning process in order to produce such individuals by the National Education Philosophy. Relationships across the curriculum elements of existing and new in a balanced human development is reflected in the figure below.

content standards

standards of Learning A setting of criteria or indicators that the quality of learning and achievement can be measured for each content standard.

Specific statement about what students should know and can do in a school period which should covers the knowledge, skills and values.