Chapter:5

Factoring
 Chapter :5

Topics
Factoring a Monomial from a Polynomial

Factoring by Grouping

Factoring Monomials with a = 1

Factoring Monomials with a ≠1

Formula and quadratic Equations using Factoring

 Chapter :5

Hot Tip
Term:
The parts of the algebraic expression joined by
the operations of addition and subtraction are
called term.
For example : 3x+2 , 2(8y-9) , etc

Polynomial:
An algebraic expression in which the exponent
of the variable is a non-negative integers is
called a polynomial. The highest power of a
variable in a polynomial is called the degree of
the polynomial.
For example :
4x3 + 2x2 – 9x + 8,
 Chapter :5

Factoring a Monomial from a polynomial

Monomial

If a For
polynomial example :
has only one
term, it is
6x, 8y are
called a monomials.
Monomial.
 Chapter :5

Exercise set 5.1 on page=258

Write each number as a product of prime numbers.
Question :5 Question :6

2 200 2 96
2 100 2 48
2 24
2 50 2 12
5 25 2 6
55 3 3
1 1
 Chapter :5

Exercise set 5.1 on page=258

Find the greatest common factor (GCF) for the two give numbers.

Question 11.
72 , 90

2 72 2 90
2 36 3 45
2 18 3 15 72 = 2x2x2x3x3
90 = 2x3x3x5
3 9 5 5 GCF= 2X3X3
GCF= 18 (ANSWER)
3 3 1
1
 Chapter :5

Exercise set 5.1 on page=258

Find the greatest common factor (GCF) for each set of terms.

Question:13
x3 . X . X2
lowest exponent is the GCF= x

Question: 16
6y . 4y2 . 8y3
(2x3)y . (2x2)y.y . (2x2x2)y.y.y
GCF= 2y (answer)

Question: 34
x( x + 7) . X + 7

GCF= ( x + 7) (answer)
 Chapter :5

Exercise set 5.1 on page=258

Factor the GCF from each term in the expression. If an expression cannot be factored .so state

Question: 37
3x + 6
= 3x + 3.2
=3(x + 2)
GCF= 3
= 3( x + 2) (answer)

Question: 41
13x + 5
GCF= Nil

Question: 53
x + 3xy2
= x(1 + 3y2)
GCF= x
= x(1 + 3y2) answer
 Chapter :5

Exercise set 5.1 on page=258

Question: 76
44x5y + 11x3y + 22x2
= (4.11)x2 .x3.y + (11)x2.xy + (2.11)x2
GCF= 11x2
= 11x2 (4x3 . Y + x.y + 2) answer

Question: 80
5x(2x – 5) + 3(2x – 5)
GCF= (2x – 5)
= (2x – 5)(5x + 3) answer

Note : Remaining Question is your Home Work

 Chapter :5

Factoring by Grouping

Let us suppose that :

A + B + C + D (So we have four terms here)
= (A + B) + (C + D) (Make two groups)

Example:6 on page 261,

Factor 4x2 - 2x – 2x + 1 by grouping.
= (4x2 - 2x) - (2x - 1)
= (2.2.x.x – 2x) – 1( 2x - 1)
= 2x(2x - 1) – 1(2x - 1)
= (2x - 1) (2x - 1) answer.
 Chapter :5

Exercise set 5.2 on page=263

Factor by grouping
Question:1 Question:18
x2 + 4x + 3x + 12 35x2 + 21x - 40x - 24
= (x.x + 4x) + (3x + 3.4) = (7.5x.x + 7.3x) - (8.5x + 8.3)
= x(x + 4) + 3(x + 4) = 7x(x + 3) - 8(x + 3)
= (x + 4)(x + 3) answer = (x + 3)(7x - 8) answer

Question:12 Question:28
x2 + 4x + x + 4 12x2 - 9xy + 4xy – 3y2
= (x.x + 4x) + (x + 4) = 3x(4x - 3y) + y(4x - 3y)
= x(x + 4) +1(x + 4) = (3x + y) (4x – 3y) answer
= (x + 4)(x + 1) answer
 Chapter :5

Exercise set 5.2 on page=263

Question:40
x3 - 3x2 + 2x - 6
= x2(x- 3) + 2(x - 3)
= (x - 3) (x2 + 2) answer

Question:50
18x2 +27xy + 12xy + 18y2
= 9x(2x + 3y) + 6y(2x + 3y)
= (2x + 3y) (9x + 6y) answer
Note : Remaining Question is your home work
 Chapter :5

Factoring Trinomials with a = 1

Trinomial = Three terms of polynomial

Let us suppose that,

ax + bx + c where a = 1
2
 Chapter :5

Exercise set 5.3 on page=272

Factor the problems. If an expression cannot be factored by a method presented in the section .so state

Question:2 Question:3
x2 - 7x + 12 x2 + 6x + 8
= x2 – 3x – 4x + 12 = x2 + 2x + 4x + 8
= x( x - 3 )- 4(x - 3)
= (x - 3)(x - 4)answer
= x( x + 2 )+ 4(x + 2)
= (x + 2)(x + 4)answer
Yo

Yo
Question:11
ur
ur

Question:6
T

Tex
x2 - x - 6 x2 + x - 6
ext

= x2 – 3x + 2x - 6 t
= x2 + 3x - 2x - 6
= x( x - 3)+ 2(x - 3)
= (x - 3)(x + 2)answer
= x( x + 3)- 2(x + 3)
= (x + 3)(x - 2)answer

Exercise set 5.3 on page=273
Question:18 Question:23
x2 - 10x + 25
= x2 – 5x - 5x + 25
= x( x - 5) - 5(x - 5)
= (x - 5)(x - 5)answer
Question:30
x2 - 11x + 10
= x2 – 10x - x + 10
= x( x - 10)- 1(x - 10)
= (x - 10)(x - 1)answer
Chapter :5
x2 + 4x + 4
= x2 + 2x + 2x + 4
= x(x + 2)+ 2(x + 2)
= (x + 2)(x + 2)answer
Question:33
x2 - x - 20
= x2 – 5x + 4x - 20
= x( x - 5)+ 4(x - 5)
= (x - 5)(x + 4)answer
 Chapter :5

Exercise set 5.3 on page=273

Question:41 Question:48
x2 - 2x - 80 x2 - 6xy + 8y2
= x2 – 10x + 8x - 80 = x2 – 4xy - 2xy + 8y2
= x( x - 10)+ 8(x - 10) = x( x – 4y)- 2y(x – 4y)
= (x - 10)(x + 8)answer
TEXT TEXT TEXT = (x – 4y)(x
TEXT – 2y)answer

Question:49 Question:50
x2 + 8xy + 15y2 x2 - 5xy - 14y2
= x2 + 5xy + 3xy + 15y2 = x2 – 7xy + 2xy - 14y2
= x( x + 5y) + 3y(x + 5y) = x( x – 7y)+ 2y(x – 7y)
= (x + 5y)(x + 3y)answer = (x – 7y)(x + 2y)answer
 Chapter :5

Exercise set 5.3 on page=273

Question:51
2x2 - 12x + 10
=2(x2 – 6x + 5)
=2(x2 – 5x – 1x + 5)
=2{ x(x - 5) – 1(x - 5) }
=2( x - 5)(x - 1) answer

Question:60
3x3 - 36x2 + 33x
=3x(x2 – 12x + 11)
=3x(x2 – 11x – 1x + 11)
=3x{ x(x - 11) – 1(x - 11) }
=3x( x - 11)(x - 1) answer

Remaining Question is your Home Work

 Chapter :5

Exercise set 5.4 on page=286

Factoring Trinomials with a ≠1

Factor completely. If an expression cannot be factored , so state
Question:1
2x2 + 7x + 6
=2x2 + 4x + 3x + 6
=2x(x + 2) + 3(x + 2)
=(x + 2)(2x + 3) answer

Question:4
Question:10
5x2 + 13x + 6
4x2 - 11x + 7
=5x2 + 10x + 3x + 6
=4x2 - 4x - 7x + 7
=5x(x + 2) + 3(x + 2)
=4x(x - 1) - 7(x - 1)
=(x + 2)(5x + 3) answer
=(x - 1)(4x - 7) answer
 Chapter :5

Exercise set 5.4 on page=286

Question:22
7x2 + 43x + 6
=7x2 + 42x + x + 6
=7x(x + 6) + 1(x + 6)
=(x + 6)(7x + 1) answer

Question:46
36x2 - 36x + 9
=36x2 - 18x - 18x + 9
=18x(2x - 1) - 9(2x - 1)
=(18x - 1)(18x - 9) answer

Remaining Question is your Home Work

 Chapter :5

Special Factoring Formulas

• Factor the difference of two squares

a2 – b2

2.Factor the sum and difference of two squares

a3 + b3 = (a + b)(a2 – ab + b2)
a3 - b3 = (a - b)(a2 + ab + b2)
 Chapter :5

Exercise set 5.5 on page=293

Factor the difference of two squares.

Question:1 Question:5
x2 - 4 x2 - 49
=(x)2 – (2)2 =(x)2 – (7)2
=(x + 2)(x - 2) answer =(x + 7)(x - 7) answer

Question:11
64a2 – 36b2
=(8a)2 – (6b)2
=(8a + 6b)(8a – 6b) answer

Question:12
100x2 – 81y2
=(10x)2 – (9y)2
=(10x + 6y)(10x – 9y) answer
 Chapter :5

Exercise set 5.5 on page=293

Question:23
16x2 – 100y4
=(4x)2 – (10y2)2
=(4x + 10y2)(4x – 10y2) answer

Question:24
27x2 – 3y2
=3(9x2 – y2)
=3{(3x)2 – (y)2}
=3(3x + y)(3x - y) answer
 Chapter :5

Exercise set 5.5 on page=293

Factor the sum or difference of to cubes

Question:29
x3 + 8
=(x)3 + (2)3
=(x + 2)(x2 - 2x + 22)
=(x + 2)(x2 – 2x + 4) answer

Question:30
x3 - 8
=(x)3 - (2)3
=(x - 2)(x2 + 2x + 22)
=(x - 2)(x2 - 2x + 4) answer
 Chapter :5

Exercise set 5.5 on page=293

Question:35
8x3 + 27
=(2x)3 + (3)3
=(2x + 3){(2x)2 - (2x)(2) + (3)2}
=(2x + 3)(4x2 - 4x + 9) answer

Question:35
64x3 - 27y3
=(4x)3 - (3y)3
=(4x - 3){(4x)2 + (4x)(3y) + (3y)2}
=(4x - 3)(16x2 + 12x + 9y2) answer
 Chapter :5

Exercise set 5.5 on page=293

Factor Completely
Question:43
2x2 – 2x - 12
=2x2 - 6x + 4x - 12
=(2x2 - 6x) + (4x - 12)
=2x(x - 3) + 4(x - 3)
= (x - 3)(2x + 4) answer

Special One
 Chapter :5

Exercise set 5.5 on page=293

Question:47
3x2 + 6x + 3
=3x2 + 3x + 3x + 3
=(3x2 + 3x) + (3x + 3)
=3x(x + 1) + 3(x + 1)
= (x + 1)(3x + 3) answer
Question:63
3x3 – 10x2 – 8x
=x(3x2 – 10x – 8)
=x(3x2 – 12x + 2x – 8 )
=x{ (3x2 – 12x) + 2(x – 4)}
=x{3x(x – 4) +2(x – 4)}
= x (x – 4)(3x + 2) answer
 Chapter :5

Assignments (1).
Question; (1) List those numbers that are:
{-6 , 7 , 12.4 , -9/5 , ¼ , 3 , 0 , 9 , 7 , 0.23 , 7 } (a). Positive integers.
(b). Whole numbers.
(c). Integers.
Question (2)
(d). Rational numbers .
{-6/3 , 0 , -12 , -19/5 , 1/ 5 , 17 , 5 , 10/5 , 3 , 123 , 4 }
(e). Irrational numbers.
(f). Real numbers .
Question (3) X2 – 3x – 5 , x = 2 find the value of “x” & also
check ?

Question (4) 2x2 – 6 when x = - 4 find the value of “x” &

check ?

Question (4) 6x2 – 3y3 + 4 when x = 3 & y = -2 find the real

number?

Question (5) 1 3 Question (6) 4 _ 3 1

(lowest term) 3 8 _ 54 _ 3 (lowest term)
1
5 4 + 2

Question (7) 2 _ 3 3 Question(8)solve the equation &check

2 1 +
(lowest term) 3 5 12 5.76 – 4.24x – 1.9x = 27.864

Question(9)solve the equation& check Q(10)solve the equation& check Ali Khan
– 4(x + 2) – 3x = 20 9(- y + 3) = - 6y + 15 – 3y + 12
0788-540242
 Chapter :5

Assignments (2).
Q(20) Factor the problem ? Q(30) Factor the sum &
Q(11) Find the GCF of expression ? difference of the two squares ?
5x(2x – 5) + 3(2x – 5) 60x2 + 40x + 5
27x3 – 64
Q(12) Find the GCF of expression ? Q(22) Factor the problem ?
Q(31) Factor the sum &
3x(4x – 5) + 1(4x – 5) 15x2 – xy – 6y2 difference of the two squares ?
Q(23) Factor the problem ? 8x3 – 27y2
Q(13) Factor by grouping ?
15x2 – xy – 6y2
10x2 – 12xy – 25xy + 30y2

Q(24) Factor the problem ?

Q(14) Factor by grouping?
60x2 – 125xy + 60y2
12x2 – 9xy + 4xy – 3y2

Q(25) Factor the difference of the

Q(15) Factor by grouping? two squares ?
18x2 + 27xy + 12xy + 18y2 20x2 – 180

Q(16) Factor the problem ? Q(26) Factor the difference of the

two squares ?
3x3 – 36x2 + 33x
16x2 – 100y4
Q(17) Factor the problem ?
x2 – 17x + 60 Q(27) Factor the difference of the
two squares ?
27x4 – 3y2
Q(18) Factor the problem ?
x2 – 5xy – 14y2
Q(28) Factor the difference of the
two squares ?
Q(19) Factor the problem ? 4x3 – xy2
x2 + 18x + 32