Documenti di Didattica
Documenti di Professioni
Documenti di Cultura
(PLC)
PLC Presentation Contents
• Introduction
• What is a PLC
• PLC Types
• Choosing PLC
Hardware
• PLC Applications
• Programming PLC’s
• Advantages of PLCs
• Questions
What is a PLC?
Nema Definition circa 1978
. The PLC, also known as programmable controller
is defined by the National Electrical Manufacturers
Association (NEMA) in 1978 as:
Programmable
Logic
Controller
LS1 PB2 CR3
C
R
LS3
Input Devices
1
2
3
L1 4
5 P
L1 6 L
7
8 C
9
10
L2 COM
Input Devices
• Pushbuttons • 120/230 VAC
• Selector Switches • 24 VDC
• Limit Switches – Sourcing
• Level Switches – Sinking
• Photoelectric Sensors
• Proximity Sensors
• Motor Starter Contacts
• Relay Contacts
• Thumbwheel Switches
Output Wiring: PLC output is the switch,
controlling current flow to load
Isolation Terminal
Barrier Block
Output Devices
OUT 1 L1
CR
OUT 1 L2
OUT 2
OUT 2
P OUT 3 L1
L2
L OUT 3
OUT 4
C OUT 4
OUT 5
OUT 5
OUT 6
OUT 6
Output Devices
• Valves • Relays
• Motor Starters – 120 VAC/VDC
• – 240 VAC
Solenoids
– 24 VAC/VDC
• Control Relays
• Triac
• Alarms
– 120/230 VAC
• Lights
• Transistor MOSFET
• Fans – 24 VDC
• Horns
Inside a PLC
Communications
C C
I i O i
n r u r
p c Central t c
u u Processor p u
t i u i
t t t CR
s s
High High
Voltage Isolation
Voltage
Isolation MEMORY Barrier
Barrier
program data
Low Voltage
AC Power Supply External
85-264 VAC, or DC Power Supply
50/60Hz
PLC Operating Cycle
START
Programmable
Controller
C
R
Modular Chassis Based PLC’s
• Inputs/Outputs
– Type, • Functions required
• AC, DC, sourcing, – Instruction set
sinking, etc. • Messaging
– Number of • PID
• 10, 16, 20, 32, 156 • PTO, PWM
• Memory – Arithmetic
– Type – Communications
• DeviceNet, Ethernet
• Flash or Battery backed
• Remote I/O, DH+
– Size
• 1k, 6k, 12k, 16k, 64k
– Report generation
SOURCING vs. SINKING
+
+ DC
Power
DC
Suppl
Power
y
Suppl
y
-
- DC COM
SOURCING vs. SINKING DC Inputs
SOURCING SINKING
(PNP) (NPN)
+VDC
Field
Device IN1 +
DC DC
+ DC Power
DC Suppl
Power y Input
Suppl -
y
Input Field Modul
- DC COM
Device IN1
e
Modul
e
Rules
RULES
Solenoid 1 Solenoid 2
Motor
Ingredient A Ingredient B
Sensor 1
Sensor 2
Solenoid 3
Operation of Mixer (Sequence of Control)
• Solenoid 1 • Solenoid 3
– On = Sol 3 is off, and Motor is – On = Sol 1 is off, and Sol 2 is
off, and Sensor 2 is off, and off, and Motor has run for 30
Auto Switch is on
sec.
– Off = Sol 3 is on, or Motor is
on, or Sensor 2 is on – Off = Solenoid 3 has been on
for 60 sec.
• Solenoid 2
– On = Sol 3 is off, and Motor is Solenoid 2
Solenoid 1
off, and Sensor 2 is on Ingredient
Motor
Ingredient
A B
– Off = Sol 3 is on, or Motor is
on, or Sensor 1 is on
• Motor
Sensor 1
|| |/| ()
|| || |/| ()
|| |/| ()
||
|/| || ()
T F F
No Logical Continuity
|/| |/| ()
T T T
Logical Continuity
Logical AND Construction
On
I/4 I/5 O/0
|| || ()
T T T
Logical Continuity
Logical OR Construction
Supply
Voltage
LS 1
Unused Unused COM I/0 I/1 I/2 I/3 I/4 COM I/5 I/6 I/7 I/8 I/9
|| |/| ()
T T T Rung Output Output
State Bit Terminal
OTE
TRUE ON ENERGIZED
Output Energize
-( )-
FALSE OFF De-energized
L1 L2/N GND VAC O/0 VAC O/1 VAC O/2 VAC O/3 VAC O/4 O/5
VDC VDC VDC VDC VDC
Supply
Voltage
Putting it Together
Supply
PB1
Voltage
Unused Unused COM I/0 I/1 I/2 I/3 I/4 COM I/5 I/6 I/7 I/8 I/9
L1 L2/N GND VAC O/0 VAC O/1 VAC O/2 VAC O/3 VAC O/4 O/5
VDC VDC VDC VDC VDC
Supply
Voltage
I/8 O/0
|| ()
Addressing Example
L1 L2
PB1 LS1 PS2 SOL6 I/5 I/6 I/7 O/0
|| || || ()
DEVICE ADDRESS
HHP Logix
PB1 I/5 I:0/5
• SEQUENCERS
• SHIFT REGISTERS
• DATA HANDLING
• SUBROUTINES
Advantages of a PLC
Basic PLC Advantages
• Ease of programming
• Ease of maintenance
• Designed for industrial environment
• Quick installation
• Adaptable to change
Source: C.Maynard@curtin.edu.au
Advantages over SBC’s (single board
computers)
• SBC’s have high design costs
– Contract or Staff with overhead and maintenance issues associated with each
• SBC’s are Repair / Service nightmare for customers
– Depending on markets served supplier must develop/support services
• SBC’s requires high level of technical expertise by
technicians
– Specialized circuit boards require specialized equipment and technical staff
• SBC’s not stocked through local distributors
– Suppliers sell the controller imbedded, replacement parts are not readily available
even in emergency situations
• SBC’s typically do not meet worldwide standards
– Certifications cost money, typically a single controller does not warrant the
investment. Volumes are not high enough and re-certification on each revision is
unrealistic
• SBC’s typically a “Domestic” product
– Because of these issues many manufacturers limit themselves to a single market.
Source: A-B’s Micro Solutions Presentation
Advantages over Computer based Software
• Maintenance personnel already experienced in PLC
troubleshooting and servicing relay latter logic
programming, not PC software