MICROCONTROLLER PROGRAMMING

What is controller ?

A microcontroller is a computer-on-a-chip used to control electronic devices Over 50% are "simple" controllers, and another 20% are more specialized digital signal processors (DSPs).

For embedded systems design, microcontrollers are usually an ideal choice.

Examples of Controllers

AMCC - PPC 403GCX Atmel MARC4 Cypress MicroSystems - CY8C2xxxxx (PSoC) Freescale Semiconductor - 68HC05 (CPU05) Fujitsu - FMC Family Holtek HT8 Intel Intel 8051 Microchip PIC 16F84 National Semiconductor CR16 NEC V850 Philips Semiconductors LPC 2000 Renesas Tech. Corp. H8 STMicroelectronics ST 62 Texas Instruments TMS 370 Toshiba - TLCS-900 Western Design Center W65C02 Ubicom IP3022 Xilinx PICOBLAZE softcore 8 bit microcontroller ZiLOG Z86E02

Micro Processors / Micro Controllers.

A microprocessor is a general purpose central processing unit of a digital computer

A chip on a computer

E.G. Intel 8086, Intel 80186 , etc

A micro controller is a true computer on a chip

A computer on a chip.

E.G intel 8051, PIC 16F873

Micro Processor versus Micro Controller

Microprocessor

general purpose CPU

a chip in a computer Are built on Von Neumann architecture.

e.g. Intel x86/ Motorola 680x0 families

Micro-Controller

true computer on a chip. Are built on Harvard architecture.

e.g. Intel 8051, 80196/ Motorola 68HCxx families

PERIPHERALS INBUILT

I/O PORTS TIMERS / COUNTERS DMA COMMUNICATION SERIAL,PARALLEL INTERRUPTS

Some Common Processor Characteristics

Cost: Microcontrollers are usually very cheap, sometimes even less than $1 each. Speed: The frequency (speed) of the system clock, often stated in megahertz (MHz) or gigahertz (GHz). Microcontrollers are typically slow, less than 20MHz. Power: Microcontrollers are almost always "low-power." Bits: This usually means the number of bits that can be processed at one time by each instruction (e.g. 8-bit, 16-bit, 32-bit, etc...). Microcontrollers are almost always 8-bit or maybe 16-bit devices. Memory: Most processors have some amount of storage on the device for data and program instructions. Microcontrollers typically have a limited amount of memory, less than 1MByte total.

8051 Block diagram

Pin Diagram

EMBEDDED IN AUTOMOBILE

!!! ?

40% of Electronic components in Automobiles

20 to 70 Electronic chips per automobile

High Security ( Global Positioning system, Sensors )

Fuel Economy
Decrease in death & casualties

Less Pollution

EMBEDDED IN INDUSTRIAL AUTOMATION

!!! ?

Easy handling

Quality control
Reusability

Safety
Senses ,Controls, Measures at Harsh Environment

Reduction of Labour cost

Industry Automation