EmbeddedC Class1

Embedded C
9/7/2013
Microcontroller 8051
The development process

Plan tasks and interaction
Setup overall project file
Project.PRJ
Edit
revise
Task1.A51
9/7/2013
1
Task2.C
2

Task1.A51
Task2.C
Task1.lst Task2.lst Compiled and assembled
Assembled
Various.lib
Link/Locate
Project.M51
9/7/2013

Various.lib
Link/Locate
Project.M51
Project.hex
Burn in EPROM or download
revise
9/7/2013 Microcontroller 8051 4
Example for EDE
9/7/2013
Intel HEX format

Example: :10400000755AFF111675907F11167590BF111675B0 :10401000903F111680EA780379007A00DAFED9FA27 :03402000D8F622AD
:00000001FF
9/7/2013
An Example
#include<stdio.h> #include <reg51.h> void main(void) {
9/7/2013
Development Tools
Debugging Simulator becomes less useful when there is a lot of time critical hardware Download to a target with a monitor Disadvantages: serial port is tied up for downloading need for a software
Development Tools
In-circuit emulator
combines monitor and simulator functions emulator plugs into the socket where the final processor would reside Costly
What Language To Use for Embedded Applications

Assembly - Most efficient but difficult to read and maintain C C++ Java
9/7/2013
10
Why C
Can control many machine level functions without resorting to assembly language Application can be written in C more easily than assembly language because the development software manages the details because of modularity,reusable codes can be
developed and maintained

Why C
The programmer need not be very thorough with the architecture of the processor Code developed in C is more portable
9/7/2013
12
Memory Models
SMALL :
all variables default to the internal data memory of the 8051 same as if they were declared explicitly using the data memory type specifier variable access is very efficient However, all data objects, as well as the stack must fit into the internal RAM
9/7/2013
13
Memory Models
Compact:
all variables default to one page of external data memory same as if they were explicitly declared using the pdata memory type specifier can accommodate a maximum of 256 bytes of variables as it is accessed indirectly through R0 and R1 variable access is not as fast as small model
Memory Models
Large:
all variables default to external data memory same as if they were explicitly declared using the xdata memory type specifier Memory access through this data pointer is inefficient, especially for variables with a length of two or more bytes This type of data access generates more code than the small or compact models
Key differences between C and Keil C
9/7/2013
16
Key differences between C and Keil C

The sbit, sfr, and sfr16 data types are included to allow access to the special function registers that are available on the 8051
E.g: the declaration: sfr P0 = 0x80
declares the variable P0 and assigns it the special function register address of 0x80. This is the address of PORT 0 on the 8051.
Memory Types
9/7/2013
18
Memory Types
Frequently used variables are put in
the internal memory in preference to

the external RAM
By including a memory type specifier

in the variable declaration, you can
specify where variables are stored
9/7/2013
19
Example
char data var1; char code text[] = "ENTER PARAMETER:"; unsigned long xdata array[100]; float idata x,y,z; unsigned int pdata dimension; unsigned char xdata vector[10][4][4]; char bdata flags;
9/7/2013
20
Default memory type

If the memory type specifier is omitted in a variable declaration, the default or implicit memory type is automatically selected Function arguments and automatic variables which cannot be located in registers are also stored in the default memory area The default memory type is determined by the SMALL, COMPACT and LARGE compiler control directives
An Example
8 switches are connected to P0 8 LEDs are connected to P2 #include <reg51.h> void msec (unsigned int); void main () { unsigned char array[10]; unsigned char I; while (1) { for (i=0; i<=9; i++) { array[i] = p2=p0; msec(100); } } } This example reads from P0,stores the readings in an array and shows 9/7/2013 8051 22 the most recent reading Microcontroller on 8 LEDS
Bitwise operators
Logical operation
Assembly
C ~ & |
NOT AND OR
CPL A ANL A,# ORL A,#
XOR
XRL A,#
9/7/2013
23
Assignment operators
Unique to C is the shorthand representation for modifying a variable and assigning it back
portA = portA & 0xf7; portA &= oxf7;
9/7/2013
24
Delay by software looping

Void msec (unsigned int x) { unsigned char j; while (x-- > 0) { for (j=0; j<125; j++) { ; } } } 9/7/2013 Microcontroller 8051
25
Arrays and Pointers
9/7/2013
26
Accessing an array element

Unsigned int ary[20]; unsigned int x; ary[9] =x;
While defining arrays, it has to be made sure that large amounts of memory is not tied up
9/7/2013
27
Structure
As structure is made of contiguous memory locations, it has to be looked into A structure could represent the information about the solenoids of a sequencer ie a 1 for a bit means that a solenoid is on
Pointers
C51 compiler supports two different
types of pointers:
memory specific pointers
and generic pointers
9/7/2013
29
Generic Pointers
char *s; int *numptr; long *state; /* string ptr */ /* int ptr */ /* long ptr */
use three bytes,the first for the memory type, the second for the high-order byte of the offset, and the third for the low-order byte of the offset Generic pointers may be used to access any variable regardless of its location in 8051 memory space.
Memory Specific Pointers

char data *str; int xdata *numtab; long code *powtab; /* ptr to string in data */ /* ptr to int(s) in xdata */ /* ptr to long(s) in code */
can be stored using only one byte (idata, data, bdata, and pdata pointers) or two bytes (code and xdata pointers)
Comparison
9/7/2013
32
Unions
A combination of different data types applies different names and types for the same space
9/7/2013
33
Passing Parameters
Functions that go between software and hardware are called drivers As you call a function from a program ,it is needed to pass the parameters The transfer is specific to a compiler
Reentrancy
Normally,C51 functions are not reentrant
The reentrant function attribute allows you to

declare functions that may be reentrant and, therefore, may be called recursively
9/7/2013
35
Example
int calc (char i, int b) reentrant { int x; x = table [i]; return (x * b); } For each reentrant function, a reentrant stack area is simulated in internal or external memory depending on the memory model
Interrupts
The C51 compiler provides a method of calling a C function when an interrupt occurs This support allows you to create interrupt service routines in C
The compiler automatically generates the

interrupt vector and entry and exit code for the interrupt routine
9/7/2013
37
Interrupts
The interrupt function attribute, when included in a declaration, specifies that the associated function is an interrupt function The interrupt number and the register bank are specified Additionally, you can specify the register bank
used for that interrupt with the using

function attribute
Example
unsigned int interruptcnt; unsigned char second; void timer0 (void) interrupt 1 using 2 { if (++interruptcnt == 4000) {
/* count to 4000 */
second++; interruptcnt = 0; }
/* second counter */ /* clear int counter */
Parameter passing
The C51 compiler passes up to three function arguments in CPU registers Argument passing can be controlled with the REGPARMS and NOREGPARMS control directives The following table lists the registers used for different arguments and data types
9/7/2013
40
Parameter passing
9/7/2013
41
Parameter passing
9/7/2013
42
Interfacing to assembly
Can access assembly routines from C and vice versa Function parameters are passed via CPU registers or, if the NOREGPARMS control is used, via fixed memory locations Values returned from functions are always passed in CPU registers
can use the SRC directive to direct the C51 compiler to generate a file ready to assemble with the A51 assembler instead of an object file. For example,the following C source file:
unsigned int asmfunc1 (unsigned int arg) { return (1 + arg); }
?PR?_asmfunc1?ASM1
PUBLIC RSEG ?PR? USING 0 _asmfunc1: ;---- Variable 'arg?00' assigned to Register 'R6/R7' ---MOV A,R7 ; load LSB of the int ADD A,#01H ; add 1 MOV R7,A ; put it back into R7 CLR A ADDC A,R6 ; add carry & R6 MOV R6,A ?C0001: RET ; return result in R6/R7
SEGMENT CODE _asmfunc1 _asmfunc1?ASM1
Can use the #pragma asm and
#pragma endasm preprocessor directives

to insert assembly instructions into your C source code
9/7/2013
46
Intrinsic Library Routines

The libraries included with the compiler include a number of routines that are implemented as intrinsic functions Non-intrinsic functions generate ACALL or LCALL instructions to perform the library routine Intrinsic functions generate in-line code (which is faster and more efficient) to perform the library routine
Intrinsic Function Description

_crol_
_cror_ _irol_ _iror_ _lrol_ _lror_ _nop_ _testbit_
9/7/2013
Rotate character left Rotate character right Rotate integer left Rotate integer right Rotate long integer left Rotate long integer right No operation (8051 NOP instruction) Test and clear bit (8051 JBC instruction)
Microcontroller 8051 48

EmbeddedC Class1

Caricato da

Informazioni sul documento

Titolo originale

Copyright

Formati disponibili

Condividi questo documento

Condividi o incorpora il documento

Opzioni di condivisione

Hai trovato utile questo documento?

Questo contenuto è inappropriato?

Copyright:

Formati disponibili

EmbeddedC Class1

Caricato da

Copyright:

Formati disponibili

Embedded C

The development process

Setup overall project file

The development process

The development process

Burn in EPROM or download

Example for EDE

Intel HEX format

What Language To Use for Embedded Applications

developed and maintained

Key differences between C and Keil C

Key differences between C and Keil C

the internal memory in preference to

By including a memory type specifier

specify where variables are stored

Default memory type

CPL A ANL A,# ORL A,#

portA = portA & 0xf7; portA &= oxf7;

Delay by software looping

Arrays and Pointers

Accessing an array element

and generic pointers

Memory Specific Pointers

The reentrant function attribute allows you to

The compiler automatically generates the

used for that interrupt with the using

/* second counter */ /* clear int counter */

SEGMENT CODE _asmfunc1 _asmfunc1?ASM1

#pragma endasm preprocessor directives

Intrinsic Library Routines

Intrinsic Function Description

Potrebbero piacerti anche

/* second counter / / clear int counter */