Introduction

1. A project involves a single definable purpose usually specified in terms of cost, schedule and performance requirements. 2. Every project is unique in that it requires doing something different than done previously. A project is a one time activity. 3. Projects are temporary activities. An adhoc organization of personnel, material and facilities is assembled to accomplish a goal, usually within a scheduled time frame. Once the goal is achieved, the organization is disbanded to begin work on a new goal. P. M. 1/1

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The organization usually has something at stake when doing a project. The activity may call for special scrutiny or effort to monitor. Projects cut across organizational lines because they need the skills and talents from multiple professions and organizations. Project complexity often arises from the complexity of advanced technology which creates task interdependencies that may introduce new and unique problems.
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Given that a project differs from what was previously done, it also involves unfamiliarity. It may require new technology and for the organization undertaking the project, possess significant elements of uncertainty and risk. Finally, a project is the process of working to achieve a goal. During the process projects pass through several distinct phases called the project life cycle, the organization structure and resource requirements slowly build with each succeeding phase; peak; and then decline.
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Points Complexity: It is measured by magnitude of effort. Number of groups that need to be coordinated and diversity in skills or expertise needed to accomplish the work. Time and resource commitments tend to increase with complexity. Uncertainty: It is measured roughly by the difficulty in predicting the final outcome in terms of time, cost and technical performance. Cost increases roughly in proportion to both complexity and uncertainty.
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Examples Beta Hospital needs to install a new Employee Benefits Plan. Reason: The new plan would better suit employee needs, add flexibility and value and keep costs down. The new plan was dramatically different from the old one. Its installation would require participation from human resources, financial services, information system among others.
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The installation would involve developing new policies, upgrading the training of staff workers and familiarizing employees with the plan and installing a new computer network and hard work.

Hospital management had to approve the resources and capital funding, select the vendors as well as other. This scenario is typical of change projects everywhere.
Project Goals Every project has three overriding goals: to accomplish work for a client in accordance with budget, schedule and performance requirements. The budget is the specified allowable cost for the project. or

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The schedule includes the time period over which the work will be done and the target date for when it will be completed. The performance requirements specify what is to be done to reach the final result.

The purpose of project management is to direct the project to a target that satisfies all three goals.

Cost

Performance

Time

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Key Features Project Manager The person whose single overriding responsibility is to plan, direct and integrate the work efforts of participants to achieve project goals. The project manager coordinates efforts across the various functional areas and integrates the planning and control of costs, schedules and work tasks. Project Team Project manager is the bringing together of individuals and groups to form a single cohesive team. Project work is accomplished by a group of people from different functional areas who participate wherever and whenever they are needed. P. M. 1/8

Project Management System This is composed of organization structure, information processing and procedures that permit integration of the elements of project organizations. The project management system provides for integrative planning and control. As projects move from one phase to the next, resource requirements and organizational responsibilities shift. P. M. 1/9

The project management system provides the means for 1. Identification of tasks 2. Identification of resource requirements and costs

3. Establishing priorities
4. Planning and schedules updating and project
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5. Monitoring quality performance 6. Measuring performance