Documenti di Didattica
Documenti di Professioni
Documenti di Cultura
INTRODUCTION
VHF wireless system Is a radio to radio communication, where repeaters were used to increase the coverage area. PMRTS Public Mobile Radio Trunking System In this a pool of frequencies are dynamically reused by many customers. It is similar to a wireless EPBX.
Analog PMRTS
Analog PMRTS Vs. VHF system In VHF five frequencies are used by five customers, whereas in Analog PMRTS five frequencies can be used y more than 40 customers at a time. In VHF the distance covered is limited, whereas in Analog PMRTS one full city can be covered (Power radiated is 100W).
In VHF individual customers have to pay for the use of frequencies, whereas in PMRTS the Service Provider pays and collects revenue from the individual customers.
What is PMRTS ?
Public Mobile Radio Trunking Service (PMRTS) is
The Trunking system was then developed to more efficiently meet the communication needs of a large amount of users by sharing a small number of frequencies.
PMRTS is basically sharing of radio channels amongst a number of different user groups on the same system without interfering with each other's conversations.
History of PMRTS
( Analog and Digital Trunking Services) Citywide Analog Trunking licenses were issued in 1995. Analog Trunking services were started in India in 1996.
Poor hand set design, regulatory roadblocks, cost of hand sets and
technology constraints contributed to slow growth rate of this industry. Several traditional users of Trunking services migrated to other wireless technologies due to above limitations. Several Trunking operators disappeared. Serious players remained. Consolidation of Trunking industry completed by 2000 with two major players remaining in the market. Despite several constraints, segments including IT, BPOs, Call centers, Taxi fleets etc., realized importance of Trunking concept and subscribed to this service. Over a period of time analog PMRTS got consolidated and two serious players left out. In 2001, the guidelines for Digital PMRTS got released.
Digital
Vendors: Motorola, ZTE Three different technologies namely- iDEN, TETRA & Gota. iDEN Motorola; Gota ZTE; Tetra Motorola. iDEN and TETRA are based on TDMA and Gota is based on CDMA.
Technology is open standard. Not Proprietary. Completely the vendor specific. Easily adoptable depends on the vendor. Since it is open standard, there is no Since it is proprietary standard, handset locking / vendor specific handsets are vendor specific. handset. Evolution of new generations & handshaking with new technologies are highly possible. Can work in 900MHz & 1800MHz bands New generations & handshaking with multiple technologies depends on vendor interest. Can work in 400Mhz, 800MHz and 900 MHz bands.
8
11
RF link
Fiber Optic
Mobile Handheld
12
BTS 1
BILLING SYSTEM
Ethernet cable
BTS 2
D A C S
MSO
Ethernet cable
Overall Infrastructure
EBTS
RF Distribution Base Radio Integrated Site Controller
Airtel Frame Relay Over E1 Controller Dispatch Application Processor Other MSO Elements Ethernet
MSO
Power Supply
E1
PSTN / PBX
Required DID
14
EBTS : (Enhanced Base Station/Cell Site ) Responsible for call maturity, coverage & an RF Interface to the Handheld. Major Components : 1. Controller Rack (used to control the signals, signals handhelds)
2. RF Rack (Used for transmission and reception of RF signals)
3. 4.
ISC 3 (Integrated Site Controller, used for fault monitoring in the BTS sites) Base Radio (used for increasing the RF power received and increasing the output )
MIBAS (Billing Server) Provisioning & Billing related activities is done by MIBAS (Motorola Integrated Billing Access System) VAS (Value Added Service) All data related applications (e-mail, on-line Games, Navigation etc).
15
Large size of handsets Limited choice of models that too bulky Minimum Loading/Channel is 90 Mobiles.
PMRTS providers shall provide mobile radio trunking services within their service area of operation. Separate licenses shall be granted on a non-exclusive basis for each service area of operation. Licenses would be awarded for an initial period of 20 years and will be extended by additional periods of 10 years thereafter. PMRTS providers shall be eligible to obtain licenses for any number of service areas.
18
3. Handsets/ Base Stations/MSO and other switching units are pertaining to the Internationally approved Manufacturers and standards.
4. Coverage of Base Station ( Range should not be more than 30 Kms) 5. Frequency band as per latest NFAP ( 300/400/800 MHz) 6. Power Output limits of Base Station/Handheld/Vehicle Mobile sets. 7. Adjacent Channel Spacing as per the norms (Should not be more than 25 KHz)
8. Number of Fixed Stations should not be more than 10% of the Total Subscribers
19
Frequency Reuse
20
Telecommunication Networks.
India has launched its 1st Commercial Digital PMRT services in Bangalore ( Karnataka State ) in the year 2007.
21
22
Examples
24
Three popular Digital Trunking Technologies are iDEN, Tetra and Gota.
1.iDEN: iDEN ( Integrated Digital Enhanced Network Technology) is Motorolas
Propriety Technology and is presently working in 22 countries and is suitable for commercial applications .
iDEN is robust, spectral efficient and has been in existence for over 15 years and
Its handsets are less expensive than the Tetra handsets. 2. TETRA: TETRA is an European Open Standard , predominantly used a Captive Network. First
network had already been launched and commercialized at Bangalore for which the TSTP had also been prepared and approved by TEC. Tetra is being used for Captive use, mainly for Public safety applications and disaster management operations. Tetra has several captive network installations all over the world. And even in India tetra technologies are being used in almost all the networks of Airports, metros & Police head quarters .
25
5 countries in Asia, viz., Thailand,Malaysia,Indonesia,Vietnam and Bangladesh region are migrating to Digital PMRTS this year.
Push-to-talk (PTT)-Group Call market will continuously expand as business industry grows. Customers understand that their Push-to-talk Group call requirements are best met by iDEN / Tetra / GOTA technologies and not by GSM or CDMA which at best offer CUG feature. More Group calls can be effectively established only with the help of additional spectrum.
26
Future Scope
Market for Digital PMRTS services will continue to grow.
Technology suppliers must also think of introducing latest multiplexing technologies to bring more efficiency.
27
28
29
DIGITAL HANDSET :
Form Factor (size) is smaller Output power is very low (0.6 watts) Weight of the Handset is light (100 gms) Dual Communication PTT and ability to Interconnect (if DID is available) Supports Data applications like Email, Tele-voting etc.
30
Analog PMRTS was rolled out in the year 1997, to offer the City wide Trunking system.
Initially five frequencies are issued for a smaller city like Jaipur and for large cities like Delhi ten frequencies are issued initially by WPC to rollout the network .These analog systems are working successfully even today but with limited features & customers.
Different Analog PMRTS technologies presently available are : 1. Smartnet II from Motorola
2. LTR(Logic Trunk Radio) from Kenwood and EF Johnson 3. MPT1327 from Marconi
34