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Overview
Replacement of labor by

machines.
Improves quality, faster

production, increased product flexibility and eliminates wastage.

All the aspects of

manufacturing are carried on by computers.

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Technology and its scope

Technology is a generic term that should be applied to nearly any device or invention humans use to increase their abilities to learn work and play.
Manufacturing. Insurance. Banks. Educational institutions. Wholesale and retail distribution.

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Managing Technological change

Separate technology

department. Participation of all the employee is must. Companies should not adopt slowly. Have a master plan for automation. Allow time for learning,install, debug,program.
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Advantages
Increased output and enhanced productivity. Improved and uniform quality. Reduced cost. Fewer accidents. Better production control.
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Disadvantages
Heavy capital investments.
Displacement of labor. Benefit of employee suggestion lost. Cost of supply failure increases.

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Types of automatic machines

Machine attachments
Numerical controlled machines. Robots Automated quality control inspection.

Automatic identification system.

Automated process control.
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Machine attachments
These are usually inexpensive add-ons to machines that reduce the amount of human effort and time required to perform an operation. Example: Magazine feed attachments, quick cutting and grasping devices for lathe, strip feeders for stamping machines.

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Numerically controlled machines

These machines are pre-programed through microcomputers to perform a cycle of operations repeatedly. The machine have a control system that reads the instructions and then translates them into machine operations Example: Lathes, boaring mills ,tire building machines

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Robots
Robots are human like machines that perform production tasks. It is programmable machine where a sequence of moves can be preset to repeated time after time then reset again to perform another set of moves. Example: transport and store, inspect for quality grasp
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Automated quality control inspection

Quality control inspection systems are machines that have integrated into the inspection of products for quality control purposes. They can be Used to take physical dimensions of parts, compare the measures to standards and determine whether the parts meet quality specifications. Example: Electronic circuit checks, weighting robots

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Automated identification systems

These comprise bar codes, radio frequencies,magnetic stripes, which help sense and feed data into computers. data are read from products ,documents ,parts and containers without the need of workers to read or interpret the data.

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Automated process controls

These process use sensors to obtain measures of the performance of industrial process they compare these measures to standards within stored computer software programmers and when the performance varies significantly from standards they send signals that change the settings of the process Example: control systems for rolling mills in the manufacturing ,calendars in plastic film processing

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Factories of the future

There will be stress on high

product quality Greater emphasis on flexibility Customers orders will be executed and delivered fast There will be changed production economics. Cad/cam will be the basis for product design and process planning. Organization will undergo structural changes with line staff becoming staff personal .
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