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System Software
What is system software?
Programs that control operation of computer Two types are operating systems and utility programs
Operating system (OS) (sometimes called the platform) coordinates all activities among computer hardware resources
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Operating Systems
manage programs
monitor performance
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Operating Systems
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What is booting?
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called the POST, to check components such as mouse, keyboard, and adapter cards
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Contains system files that will start computer when computer cannot boot
Also called boot disk
point to All Programs on Start menu, point to Accessories on All Programs submenu, point to Systems Tools on Accessories submenu, and then point to Backup.
submenu to open the Backup Utility window. (If Backup or Restore Wizard displays, click Advanced Mode link.) Point to Automated System Recovery Wizard button.
System Recovery Wizard button to create recovery disk. Follow the on-screen instructions and insert a diskette when prompted.
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Controls how you enter data and instructions and how information displays on screen
command-line interface
menu-driven interface
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User interacts with menus and visual images such as icons and buttons
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multiuser
Has duplicate components such as processors, memory, and disk drives
fault-tolerant computer
Continues to operate when one of its components fails
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Optimizing use of random access memory (RAM) With virtual memory (VM), portion of hard disk is allocated to function as RAM
Step 1. The
operating system transfers the least recently used data and program instructions to disk because memory is needed for other functions.
Step 2. The
operating system transfers data and program instructions from disk to memory when they are needed.
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Sending information to output device Transferring items between storage and memory
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Sending print jobs to buffer instead of directly to printer Print jobs line up in queue
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Program that tells operating system how to communicate with device Also called driver
Device Driver
With Plug and Play, operating system automatically configures new devices as you install them
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Step 3. Click Add a Step 1. Open Control Step 2. Click Printers and
Wizard searches for Plug and Play printers on your computer. If it finds any such printers, it installs them.
Play printers, you can select type of printer you want to install. An on-screen prompt may ask you to insert floppy disk, CD-ROM or DVD-ROM that contains necessary driver files to complete the installation of printer.
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Provides program, called performance monitor, that assesses and reports information about system resources and devices
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Allows users to share printer, Internet access, files, and programs on a network Administers security by establishing user name and password for each user
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Performs functions such as copying, renaming, deleting, and moving files Image viewer displays contents of graphics file when you double click on it
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Detects and corrects problems on hard disk or floppy disk Searches for and removes unnecessary files
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Reorganizes files and unused space on hard disk so programs run faster
fragmented disk file before defragmenting file after defragmenting
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Compiles technical information about hardware and some software Prepares report outlining problems
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Copies selected files or entire hard disk onto another disk or tape
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Causes monitors screen to display moving image or blank screen if there is no activity for a specified time To secure computer, user configures screen saver to require password to deactivate
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Proprietary software
Privately owned and limited to specific vendor or computer model
Deviceindependent
Runs on many manufacturers computers
Downward compatible
Works with application software written for earlier version of operating system
Upward compatible
Runs on new versions of operating system
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Embedded
Network
Stand-alone
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D Used command-line O
interface when first developed, later included menus
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Microsofts fastest, most reliable Windows operating system Available in five editions: Home Edition, Professional Edition, Tablet PC Edition, Media Center Edition, and 64-bit Edition
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Available only for computers manufactured by Apple Macintosh operating system has been model for most GUIs
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Used by power users because of its flexibility and power Most versions offer GUI Both a stand-alone and a network operating system
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Popular, free, multitasking UNIX-type operating system Open-source software code is available to public Both a stand-alone and a network operating system
e
Red Hat provides a version of Linux called Red Hat Linux. The GNOME graphical user interface is shown in this example.
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Linux
Multi-purpose operating system
Found on most mobile computers, PDAs, and other small devices Windows CE .NET is scaled-down version of Windows
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Windows Mobile 2003 for Pocket PC Palm OS for Palm, Visor, and CLIE
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Open-source, multitasking operating system designed for smart phones Make telephone calls, save appointments, browse Web, send and receive e-mail and faxes, and more
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Identifies and removes viruses in memory, storage media, and incoming files Must be updated frequently
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Protects personal computer from unauthorized intrusions Monitors all transmissions to and from computer
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Shrinks size of files to free up room and improve performance Compressed files are sometimes called zipped files Two popular utilities: PKZIP and WinZip
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Identifies and fixes operating system problems and disk problems Some continuously monitor computer to identify problems before they occur
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