MODERN TRENDS IN ROAD

CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY

BY
E.MOHANRAJ
Senior Project Manager, L & T
MODERN TRENDS IN ROADS
CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY
 ECONOMIC DEVELOPEMENT
 PROJECT MANAGEMENT
 RESOURCE MANAGEMENT
 MODERN TECHNOLOGY AND
CONSTRUCTION METHODS
MODERN TREND IN WORLD
DEVELOPEMENT

 Economic development
– GDP( Gross Domestic Product) GROWTH
 INDIAN GDP growth in past 3 Yrs.
Growth Rates of Real GDP
(Base Year : 1999-2000) (Per cent)
2000-01 to
2004-05 2005-06
2003- 2004- 2005-
Sector
2002-03 04 05 06 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
(Average
Agricu -0.2 10.0 0.7 3.9 3.5 -0.2 -1.2 1.5 3.4 4.0 2.9 5.5
lture
Indust 5.2 6.6 7.4 6.6 8.0 8.1 6.8 9.5 6.3 7.0 7.9
ry
Servic 6.6 8.5 10.2 10.3 10.0 8.2 10.6 11.6 10.1 10.3 9.7 11.0
es
3.4 5.9 10.9 12.5 12.1 8.9 6.8 20.8 13.5 12.4 12.3 11.5 12.0
Constr
uction
Real 4.6 8.5 7.5 8.4 7.9 6.7 7.0 8.6 8.5 8.4 7.5 9.3
GDP
at
Factor
Cost

PREDICTION FOR 2007-2008 BY

ADB = 7.6
RBI = 7.5 TO 8.0
ROADS – For the movement of Goods and
People

ECONOMIC GROWTH- is directly

related with the quicker movement of goods and
people through better roads.
 PRESENT TREND IN INDIAN ROADS
CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY

Size
India has an extensive road network of 3.3 million kms –
the second largest in the world
4. Roads carry about 61% of the freight and 85% of the
passenger traffic
5. Highways/Expressways constitute about 66,000 kms
(2% of all roads) and carry 40% of the road traffic
6. The Government of India spends about Rs.18000
crores (US $ 4 billion) annually on road development
 PRESENT TREND IN INDIAN
ROADS
4. The ambitious National Highway Development Project
(NHDP) of the Government is at an advanced stage of
implementation. Key sub-projects under the NHDP
include:
a. The Golden Quadrilateral (GQ-5846 kms of 4
lane highways)
b. North-South & East-West Corridors (NSEW-
7300 kms of 4 lane highways)

5. Program for 4-laning of about 14,000 km of

National Highways is underway
The Golden Quadrilateral and
NSEW projects
India has the
second largest
road network in
the world
 Outlook

•Annual growth projected at 12-15% for

passenger traffic, and 15-18% for cargo traffic

•Over $50–60 billion investment is required over

the next 5 years to improve road infrastructure
Potential
2. Road development is recognised as essential to sustain
India’s economic growth
• The Government is planning to increase
spends on road development
substantially with funding already in
place based on a cess on fuel

3. A large component of highways is to be developed

through public-private partnerships
• Several high traffic stretches already awarded to
private companies on a BOT basis
• Two successful BOT models are already in place –
the annuity model and the upfront/lumpsum payment
model
Potential

3. Investment opportunities exist in a range of projects

being tendered by NHAI for implementing the NHDP
– contracts are for construction or BOT basis
depending on the section being tendered.

4. A Rs.41,200 crores (US $ 5 billion) project plans to

lay 6 lane roads over 6,500 kms of National
Highways on the Design Build Finance and
Operate (DBFO) basis – in Golden Quadrilateral
and other high traffic stretches.
MODERN TRENDS IN ROADS
CONSTRUCTION
 ECONOMIC DEVELOPEMENT
 PROJECT MANAGEMENT
 RESOURCE MANAGEMENT
 MODERN TECHNOLOGY AND
CONSTRUCTION METHODS
PROJECT MANAGEMENT
 DEFINITION
– Project management is a carefully planned and
organized effort to accomplish a specific (and usually)
one-time effort, for example, construct a building or
implement a new computer system

 THE SPECIFICATION
– the clarity will reveal misunderstandings
– the completeness will remove contradictory
assumptions

 Work Breakdown Structure

– one complex project is organised as a set of simple
tasks which together achieve the desired result.
PROJECT MANAGEMENT
 Task Allocation
– Tasks are moulded to fit people

 Guesstimation
– make your guesstimates of the simple tasks at the
bottom of the work break down structure and look
for the longest path through the sequence diagram
– use the experience from previous projects to
improve your guesstimating skills

 ESTABLISHING CONTROLS
– milestones (clear, unambiguous targets of what, by
when)
– established means of communication
PROJECT MANAGEMENT
 ESTIMATE
– STANDARDISING AND TRANSFERING THE DETAILS OF
INITIAL PROJECT REPORT(DPR)
– FOLLOWING MARK NUMBER CONCEPT
 PLANNING TOOLS
– PRIMAVERA
– MSPROJECT
 ONLINE MONITORING
– IT ENABLED MONITORING SYSTEM- CEMA-EIP
 NEUTRAL CONTRACTUAL CONDITION
– FIDIC
– MORTH
 TRAINING
MODERN TRENDS IN ROADS
CONSTRUCTION
 ECONOMIC DEVELOPEMENT
 PROJECT MANAGEMENT
 RESOURCE MANAGEMENT
 MODERN TECHNOLOGY AND
CONSTRUCTION METHODS
RESOURCE MANAGEMENT
 USE OF NEW HIEGHER CAPACITY EQUIPMENT
– EXCAVATOR
– MOTORGRADER
– SOIL COMPACTOR
– SENSOR PAVER
– HOT MIXPLANT
– WMM PLANT
– CONCRETE BATCHING PLANT
– TRANSIT MIXERS
– BOOM PLACER
– TRAILER TIPPERS
Latest Resources Applications

Asphalt Batch Mix Paver Finisher

Plant Paving width from
Capacities range 2.5 to 9.0 mtr.,
from 60TPH to paving thickness
160TPH up to 205 mm.
 

Bitumen Pressure
Drum Mix Plant Distributor 
Available from 15 Spraying width
TPH to 120 TPH from 2.4 to 9 mtr.
Capacity. by extension bar.

Wet Mix Road

Macadam Sweeper 
Plant Standard
Available from sweeping
60 TPH to 240 width is
TPH Capacity.  2.135 mtr. 
RESOURCE MANAGEMENT
 MATERIAL MANAGEMENT
– GLOBAL SOURCING
– USE OF LOCAL MATERIAL

• MAN POWER MANAGEMENT

– RIGHT PERSON IN RIGHT JOB
– INVOLVING LOCAL WORK FORCE
MODERN TRENDS IN ROADS
CONSTRUCTION
 ECONOMIC DEVELOPEMENT
 PROJECT MANAGEMENT
 RESOURCE MANAGEMENT
 MODERN TECHNOLOGY AND
CONSTRUCTION METHODS
 HISTORY OF ROADS

The first indications of constructed roads date from about 4000

BC and consist of stone paved streets at Ur in modern-day Iraq
and timber roads preserved in a swamp in Glastonbury, England.

Late 1800s Road Builders

The road builders of the late 1800s depended solely on stone,
gravel and sand for construction. Water would be used as a
binder to give some unity to the road surface.
John Metcalfe, a Scot born in 1717, built about 180 miles of roads
in Yorkshire, England (even though he was blind). His well
drained roads were built with three layers: large stones; excavated
 HISTORY OF ROADS
Modern tarred roads were the result of the work of two
Scottish engineers, Thomas Telford and John Loudon
McAdam. Telford designed the system of raising the
foundation of the road in the center to act as a drain for
water.
Thomas Telford (born 1757) improved the method of building
roads with broken stones by analyzing stone thickness, road
traffic, road alignment and gradient slopes. Eventually his design
became the norm for all roads everywhere.
John Loudon McAdam (born 1756) designed roads using broken
stones laid in symmetrical, tight patterns and covered with small
stones to create a hard surface. McAdam's design, called
"macadam roads," provided the greatest advancement in road
construction.
MODERN TECHNOLOGY AND
CONSTRUCTION METHODS
 SOIL STABILISATION
 SUB SURFACE DRAINAGE
 USE OF MODIFIED BITUMEN
 USE OF WATER BASED EMULSION
 USE OF FLY ASH IN CONCRETE
 REINFORCED EARTH WALL
 QUALITY ASSURANCE CONCEPT
 ECONOMICAL DESIGN USING MODERN
TECHNOLOGY
 MODERN TECHNOLOGY AND
CONSTRUCTION METHODS
 SOIL STABILISATION
– using lime, concrete or ash to convert poorer soils into a
strong impermeable medium.
 SUB SURFACE DRAINAGE
– Mapping subsurface drainage with infrared aerial
photographs
Eg. Eddin’s Road,Ooty, CBE Airport

 USE OF MODIFIED BITUMEN

– Certain additives or blend of additives called as bitumen
modfiers can improve properties of Bitumen and bituminous
mixes. Bitumen treated with these modifiers is known as
modified bitumen
– Polymer modified bitumen (PMB)/ crumb rubber modified
bitumen (CRMB) should be used only in wearing course
depending upon the requirements of extreme climatic
variations
MODERN TECHNOLOGY AND
CONSTRUCTION METHODS
The advantages of using modified bitumen
are as follows
 Lower susceptibility to daily and seasonal
temperature variations
 Higher resistance to deformation at high
pavement temperature
 Better age resistance properties
 Higher fatigue life for mixes
 Better adhesion between aggregates and
binder
 Prevention of cracking and reective
cracking
MODERN TECHNOLOGY AND
CONSTRUCTION METHODS
 USE OF WATER BASED EMULSION
– Bitumen emulsion is a liquid product in which
bitumen is suspended in a finely divided condition
in an aqueous medium and stabilised by suitable
material
– The bitumen content in the emulsion is around 60%
and the remaining is water.
– Rapid setting emulsions are used for surface
dressing work
– Medium setting emulsions are preferred for premix
jobs and patch repairs work
– Slow setting emulsions are preferred in rainy
season
MODERN TECHNOLOGY AND
CONSTRUCTION METHODS
 USE OF FLY ASH IN CONCRETE
– Fly ash, a residue of burning coal / lignite at thermal
power stations, has generally been considered as a
waste material is becoming resource material.
– A meagre 3% utilisation of 40 million tonnes of Fly
ash generation in 1994 has risen to 38% of 112
million tonne generated in 2004-05. The generation
of fly ash is expected to increase to 170 million
tonne by the end of XI five year plan.
 Reduced heat of hydration.
 Improved workability & Ease of pumping.
 Superior microstructure leading to lower permeability.
 Higher long term strength.
 Better performance in aggressive environment.
 Higher Electrical Resistivity leading to lesser chances of
reinforcement corrosion
MODERN TECHNOLOGY AND
CONSTRUCTION METHODS
 Following fly ash based innovative and
commonly produced building products are
available in India
 Cellular Light Weight Concrete (CLC) blocks.
 Fly Ash Based Polymer Composites as Wood
substitute.
 Fly ash based Portland Pozzolana Cement.
 Ready mixed fly ash concrete.
 Fly ash Sand Lime Gypsum (Cement)
Bricks/Blocks.
 Clay Fly Ash Bricks
MODERN TECHNOLOGY AND
CONSTRUCTION METHODS

 ECONOMICAL DESIGN USING MODERN

TECHNOLOGY
– Reduce the factor of safety by understanding the
objective
– Having hollow cores in the beam,slabs and walls.
– Situation specific design with available material
should be done.
– Long term view should be there in the design ie.
For future capacity.
 MODERN TRENDS IN
ROADS CONSTRUCTION
PRESENTED
BY
E.MOHANRAJ
 CONTRIBUTION BY L&T

Creating high quality national infrastructure for

transportation
ECC constructs roads, runways, highways and
expressways conforming to international
standards, using bitumen as well as concrete.
Strengthening and widening of roads are also
executed with modern equipment.

L&T is globalising its operations L&T’s

international presence is increasing, with
worksites in 28 countries that encompass South
Asia, South East Asia, the Middle East, Russia,
CIS countries including African countries.
 Awards for L&T
 “Most Outstanding Bridge National Award-1996”: Everard Nagar
Flyover in Mumbai .
 “Quality Construction Award – 1002-93” : Konkan Railway Corporation
Limited, Ratnagiri
 “Most Outstanding Bridge National Award-1999”: Sardar Patel Road
Flyover at Chennai .
 “ACCE Som Datt Award” : Sirsi Circle flyover at Bangalore .
 “Most Outstanding Bridge National Awards 2000” : 1)First prize for
Second Narmada Bridge
at Gujarat . 2) First prize for Yamuna
Bridge in New Delhi . 3) Third prize for Kune Viaduct on Mumbai – Pune
Expressway .
 “Superstructures in pre-stressed concrete” : The bridge
constructed across Hemavathi river in Karnataka. (IIBE)
 “Super Structure in RCC Steel or Ferrocement” (IIBE) :
Acharya Jagdish Chandra Bose (AJC) Road Flyover in
Kolkata
 NDTV Profit Business Leadership Award : NDTV Profit
Business Leadership Award in the Infrastructure category,
 Developmental Projects

 India's changing economic landscape is transforming

patterns of business, and offers new perspectives in
setting up of major infrastructural projects.
 The target segments are projects, which will be
executed on the Build-Own-Operate-Transfer
(BOOT), Build-Operate-Transfer (BOT), Build-Own-
Lease-and-Transfer (BOLT) principles, and other
variants.

ECC seeks to play a key role in a scenario where BOOT

and BOT projects will constitute a dominant share of
all major new projects.
Information Technology
“I always said there are 2
vehicles of change &
transformation of any corporate
and one of them is an IT, How
strongly you are using IT to
change the processes between
the company & improve
productivity is the means to
achieve much higher & much
enhanced productivity”

Mr.A.M.Naik
(During Project Lakshya-HR speech)
PLANNING & MONITORING –
FRAME WORK IN ECC Division

• Management Planning & Control

System (MPCS)
• Project Monitoring System (PMON)

• Enterprise Information Portal (EIP)

MANAGEMENT PLANNING AND CONTROL SYSTEM
(MPCS)

Management Planning means “systematically

plan the course of action for achieving the
objects within the stipulated time in the most
economical manner, with utmost safety”.

Control system helps to monitor :

•The deployment and effective utilization of
various resources
•Progress of work vis-à-vis the plans set
•Predict the end result at in-between stages so
that a corrective action may be taken, if
required, during the course of the project.
MPCS Schedules and productivity factors

Schedule id Description Factors governed

S0 Work Schedule Time
S1 Invoicing Schedule Money
S2 Milestone Schedule Time
S3 P&M Schedule P&M
S4 Staff Schedule Supervision
S5 Labour Schedule Labour
S6 Material Schedule Bulk Materials
S7 Special Agency Schedule Labour cost
S8 Direct Cost Schedule Labour cost
S9 Indirect cost Schedule Total cost/Contributio
S10 Fund Flow Schedule Cash inflow/outflow
CeMa–EIP(Enterprise Information Portal)

PC at Project Site
In Web
www.lntecc.com
Knowledge Management
 L&T Coloured Concrete
Background
In the past when architects and designers mentioned concrete, people rarely
got excited. It usually meant a dull, grey, visually unappealing appearance.
Today though, thanks to new technological advances, concrete can be cast in a
variety of finishes and colours offering architects and the construction
industry a material that is both eminently practical and aesthetically pleasing.

Coloured Concrete

Coloured Concrete is a traditional concrete with “Colour Pigments” added to

it during production stage. It could be integrally coloured, Stamped or Dry
shake (Dry sprinkling as hardener)

Now for the first time in India, L&T

is launching coloured concrete
produced at its state of the art
batching plants in Mumbai City. This
is a convenient option to convert
your colorful ideas for paving,
walkways, landscaping etc. into
reality.
Colour Pigments

We are using world class pigments for producing Coloured Concrete which
has following characteristics.

• High Tinting Strength(Ability to impart natural colour to medium being

coloured)
Quality Management System
Good quality products and customer
satisfaction are two basic requirements of
business. Well-structured quality
management systems ensure good quality,
safety, reliability and controlled cost at
every stage of construction with a view to
enhancing customer satisfaction and
adding to stakeholder value. ECC's quality
management programme, initiated in its
early days was given a further thrust when
it was brought under ISO certification
during early '90s.
QUALITY -CONTROL
-ASSURANCE
-MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

QC QA QMS

DETECTION PREVENTION DIRECTION

CODES & ISO 9001/2/3

STANDARDS ISO 9001 - 2000
1987 - 2000
 AUDIT

A SYSTEMATIC , INDEPENDENT & DOCUMENTED PROCESS

FOR OBTAINING EVIDENCE & EVALUATING IT OBJECTIVELY
TO DETERMINE THE EXTENT TO WHICH AGREED CRITERIA
ARE FULFILLED” ( AS PER ISO 9000:2000 ).
 SAMPLE FORMAT
AUDIT CALENDAR
PROJECT:
Month Jul-02
Audited Area Date 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31
Audit No.

PLANNING

SURVEY

FABRICATION

PROCESS CONTROL

REINF. YARD

STORES

QC LAB

MR

Date Legend
Prepared by Next Rev. Holidays
QM-Dept. Audit Planned
Approved by MR Latest Rev. Audit performed
 Construction Quality Assessment System

CONQUAS
The Construction Quality Assessment System or CONQUAS
was developed by the Building and Construction Authority
(BCA) in conjunction with the major public sector agencies
and the various leading industry professional bodies to
measure the quality level achieved in a completed project.

 To have a standard quality assessment system for

construction projects.
 To measuring constructed works against workmanship
standards and specification. Using a sampling approach to
suitably represent the whole project.
 To enable quality assessment to be carried out
systematically within reasonable cost and time.

Benefits : Timely corrective action and to Measure improvement 

 
 Resources Planning
 Resources Planning Department at HQ takes care of
allocation, distribution and movement of Staff and
Plant & Machinery
 Resources dept in the Regional Offices takes care of
this function with the regions .
 P&HR department, focus areas of Recruitment and
Training ensure the induction and grooming of talent.
 Attracting, holding and moulding the finest talent in
India.
 The system wing of P&HR department, which has
pioneered many indigenous IT solutions, has been the
backbone of all HR activities.
 Health, Safety & Environment

At ECC, safety is given the highest priority.  The

Occupational Safety, Health and Environment Policy
enunciated by the Corporate Management lays
emphasis on Safety, Health and Environment through
a structured approach and a well defined
organization.  Systems and procedures have been
established for implementing the requisites of safety
at all stages of construction and in respect of plant
machinery and materials.
 HSE Management Systems

Screening of workmen (e-learning

package)

Training/Awareness Prog. and Pep Talk

HSE Committee Walkdown

PPE’s and Monitoring of First Aid

Inspection of Site office, Labour colony, Canteen

At least once in a month.

Health Campaign once in six months

Blood Donation

Medical Checkup
Weekly visit by a doctor to
labour camp.
 3M - MEN MACHINE & MATERIAL

Training and Motivation

Providing required resources
Providing PPE’s
MEN
Regular insistence and Punitive actions

Inspecting before engaging at site

Safety Provision
Maintenance of equipment
MACHINE
Ergonomic Factor

Inspection of condition
Storage
Maintenance of MSDS
MATERIAL
Access and Egress
 FREQUENCY RATE OF ACCIDENT AND MANHOURS WORKED
500 4.00
Manhours worked (in Millions)

450
3.50

400
3.00
350

2.50
300

250 2.00

200
1.50

150
1.00
100

0.50
50

0 0.00
1995- 1996- 1997- 1998- 1999- 2000- 2001- 2002- 2003- 2004- 2005-
1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
Manhours Worked 225.1 267.2 306.6 375.5 320 278.8 283.6 332.6 377.9 447.5 454
Frequency Rate 3.79 3.02 2.04 1.53 1.40 1.28 1.04 0.8 0.59 0.44 0.34

Shows continuous reduction in Frequency Rate

Comparison with other
companies
Frequency
Company
Rate
L&T ECC 0.34

Company A 2.72
Company B 2.01
E&C Division 0.25
 Incident happen just
because we see things differently
PHOTOGRAPHS
53m span bowstring girder arch bridge at Irugur on Coimbatore bypass in Tamil Nadu.
World-class concrete slipform paving machine in operation on Mumbai - Pune
Expressway
Intersection on the 162km Sambalpur - Rourkela expressway in Orissa.
24km concrete-paved six-lane Mumbai-Pune
Expressway in Maharashtra.
4 laning of existing 2-lane carriageway from
Kancheepuram to Walajahpet in Tamil Nadu.
4 laning of Satara - Kolhapur road for MSRDC
Ghat section of 8.4km Khandala-Lonavala bypass.
A section of 28 km Coimbatore bypass road
Six lane expressway - Jaipur - Kishangarh Road Project
Toll Plaza at Jaipur for Jaipur - Kishangarh Road Project.
 
THANK YOU