FINISHING MATERIALS

-03 KHUSHBOO

BHATT -12 NIDHI MEHTA -14 RUCHITA MISTRY -22 ROSHNI PATEL

DEFINITION : Materials and items used to improve the service and decorative qualities of buildings and structures, as well as to protect structural members from atmospheric and other effects. Finishing materials are usually designed for interior or exterior finishing; some materials are used for both (for example, natural decorative stone, ceramic materials, and architectural glass). finishing materials also include acoustic materials, which are used simultaneously as sound-absorbing coatings and as a decorative finish for the interiors of theaters, concert halls, and motion-picture theaters.

Finishing Materials

Walls

Flooring

Furniture

WALLS

PLASTER

PAINTS

CLADDING

WALLPAPER

PLASTER
plaster is a building material used for coating walls and ceilings. it is mixed with water to form a paste which liberates heat and then hardens

TYPES OF PLASTER: gypsum plaster/ plaster of Paris lime plaster cement plaster

STEPS OF APPLICATION: put cement in between the bricks to fill the gap add thin coat of cement over bricks add more cement trowel the plaster smooth

PAINTS FOR INTERIOR WALLS

Emulsions: These paints for wall dry quickly and are washable, stain resistant and durable. They give smoother finish.
Distempers: These are available in dry and oilbound varieties. Hence these are more popular for lower budget schemes. Oil paints: These are available in different finishes. They took longer time to dry and are costlier than other products. Textured paints: These are also in todays trend breaking the monotony of the flat wall and make the wall itself a feature element of the space but are recommended in dust free space as texture paints trapped dust easily. Enamels: These are suitably the best for metal, giving them tough, durable and glossy finish.

PAINTS:
Primers: First a single coat of primer is applied through brush on the surface. On the basis of the type of thinners used, they are of 2 types: Water based and Solvent based, the average rate being 110Rs /l. Putty: After application of primers putty is applied after 4-5 hours. Following are the types of puttys available: Cement Putty ( water+ powder), Chalk Putty ( oil paint is used for its application) , Wall Putty/ Acrylic Putty. Finished Paints: 2-3 coats of Finished Paint are applied after application of putty.
Following are the types of water based finished paints: Distemper: 1200Rs for 20ltr ; covering: 100sq.ft./l Emulsion : 1700Rs. For 20 ltr ; covering: 150sq.ft./l Premium Emulsion: 4500 for 20 ltr ; covering: 250sq.ft/l Luxurious Emulsions: 6500 for 20 ltr ; covering: 300sq.ft/l Finished paints for exteriors: Emulsions : 2200rs for 20 ltr ; 100% Exterior Emulsions: 3800Rs for 20 ltr. Dust Proof Emulsions: 5500Rs. For 20 ltr. covering: 80sq.ft/l for plain plaster :40-45sq.ft/l for rough plaster

WALL PAINTING EFFECTS:

SPONGING

RAG- ROLLING

STIPPLING

DRAGGING

WALL CLADDING:Wall cladding is a type of decorative covering used on building exteriors. Nonstructural in nature, it may be functional. This can include a degree of waterproofing, a barrier against the wind, or other protections.

TYPES OF WALL CLADDING:

Standard Wall Cladding Steel Wall Cladding Glass Wall Cladding Aluminium Wall Cladding Acoustic Wall Cladding

WALLPAPER: Wallpaper is a special paper, plain or printed, adhered to a smooth interior wall surface as decoration.

Wallpaper comes in several forms, thousands of designs, and a wide range of prices.
The two most common types are standard wallpaper and solid sheet vinyl. Standard wallpaper is a paper backing with a decorative print directly applied to it. Solid sheet vinyl has a paper backing laminated to a solid vinyl decorative surface.

Vinyl wallpaper is easier to clean and is especially popular in areas with moisture (kitchen, bath, etc.).

STEPS OF APPLICATION:-

HANGING FROM THE CORNER

Cutting your wallpaper

Pasting

with the paper face down on the table, the adhesive is applied from the top in herringbone fashion to evenly cover the surface. It is left to soak for a period of time before hanging allowing the moisture to be absorbed and the paper to fully expand.

REMOVE AIR BUBBLES

CUTTING THE EXTRA WALLPAPER MATCH THE CORNERS

FLOOR

STONE/TILE FLOORING WOOD FLOORING

CARPETING

FLOOR FINISHES:Flooring is the general term for a permanent covering of a floor. Different materials used for flooring: Wood: There is a wide selection of wood materials used for flooring. Hardwoods and softwoods are available as strip flooring in a variety of widths and thicknesses, and as random-width planks and block flooring. Stones and Tiles: various types of stones and tiles are available depending on the type of finish desired. Variations in laying these, also, result into fine finishes: e.g. terrazzo, mosaic, etc. Tile flooring is also available in a particleboard, which is manufactured with small wood particles combined with resin and formed under high pressure. Carpeting: Carpeting can be done in tile and sheet form. In many areas, Plastic floor coverings used over concrete or a stable wood subfloor are another variation in the types of finishes available.

WOODEN FLOORING
Wood is elastic and flexible, which makes it useful for flooring.

Wood-strip Flooring:
Softwoods: southern pine, Douglas fir, redwood, and

western hemlock. It costs less than hardwood and is often used in bedroom and closet areas. It is less dense than the hardwoods, less wear-resistant, and shows surface abrasions Softwood flooring has tongue-and-groove edges and may be hollow-backed or grooved. Some types are also endmatched. Hardwoods: red and white oak, beech, birch, maple, and pecan. Hardwood strip flooring is available in widths ranging from 1 1/2 to 3 1/4 inches. Standard thicknesses include 3/8, 1/2, and 3/4 inch. A useful feature of hardwood strip flooring is the undercut, a wide groove on the bottom of each piece that enables it to lay flat and stable. These strips are laid lengthwise in a room and at right angles to the floor joists. A subfloor of diagonal boards or plywood is normally used under the finish floor. Strips may vary from 2 to more than 16 feet.

Base for wood flooring on a slab with vapor barrier.

Floor detail for existing concrete construction.

WOOD BLOCK FLOORING:

- Wood block flooring is used to produce a variety of elaborate designs formed by small wood block units. A block unit consists of short lengths of flooring, held together with glue, metal spines, or other fasteners. Square and rectangular units are produced. Generally, each block is laid with its grain at right angles to the surrounding units.
- Blocks, called laminated units, are produced by gluing together several layers of wood. Unit blocks are commonly produced in 3/4-inch thicknesses. Dimensions (length and width) are in multiples of the widths of the strips from which they are made. Wood block flooring is usually tongue and groove.

AMERICAN

BEACH OAK

MAHOGANY

FLOOR FINISHES:

MERBAU

BRAZILIAN

TEAKWOOD

MAPLE

STONE AND TILE FLOORING

Types Of Stones And Their Properties
Marble: Marble stone is relatively softer and offers

less stain resistance. Types: Makrana, Rajnagar, Andhi, salumber, yellow, ambaji
Granite: This igneous rock is most durable. Available

in variety of colors.30 60 cm length and breadth; 35 mm and 125 mm thickness for tiles. Sandstone: These are sedimentary rocks available in various colors and finishes like: Natural, sawn, honed, polished finish. Length range of 30cm to 90cm; width range of 30cm to 60cm; thickness range of 20mm to 50mm Slate: slate is a metamorphic rock which is hard, close in texture, quick drying, frost resistant, fine grained and fissile. It is brittle and needs to be handled carefully.
Flaggy Limestone: limestone is available as plain

rock. Since it is not crystallized, it cannot be polished. Length range of 25cm to 150cm; width range of 25cm to 60cm; thickness range of 10mm to 50mm

PROCEDURE OF FIXING: Stone can be fixed to a sprung floor or to

a solid concrete sub-floor. 20mm stone will weigh about 50-55kg/m. The sub-floor should be firm, clean and dry. Flexible additive should be used in the adhesive and grout with suspended floors, under floor heating and externally.

TYPES OF TILES:
Rustic Tiles, Ceramic Tiles, Vinyl Tiles, Porcelain Tiles, Mosaic, Glazed Tiles, Unglazed Tiles, Vitrified Tiles.

PROCEDURE OF TILING:

ADHESIVE FOR FLOOR TILE:

TERRAZZO FLOORING
It is a type of floor finish that is laid in thin layers over concrete topping. It has good wearing properties so is used in residential and other public buildings. It is specially prepared concrete surface containing cement and marble chips in proportion to 1:1.25 to 1:2. When the surface is set, the chips are exposed by grinding operation. Traditional terrazzo is composed of graded marble or aggregate (70% or more) in a cement matrix. Colour is often added to the cement matrix in order to highlight the stone aggregate, which itself is a mix of colours and sizes.

MOSAIC FLOORING
It is made up of broken tiles of china glazed, cement, or of marble, arranged in different manner. These pieces are cut to desired shape and size.

Procedure:
First of all base is prepared. 5 to 8cm thick lime - surkhi mortar is

spread and leveled.

3mm thick cementing material is spread

and is left to dry for 4 hours.

Thereafter, small pieces of broken tiles or marble pieces are arranged in patterns and hammered into cementing layer.

CARPET FLOORING
A carpet is a textile floor covering consisting of an upper layer of "pile attached to a
backing. The pile is generally either made from wool or a manmade fiber such as polypropylene, and usually consists of twisted tufts.
Carpets are very quiet, absorbing sound and warm to walk on.

FURNITURE

VENEER LAMINATES

COLORED MDF BOARDS

COCONUT PLANKS

FURNITURE FINISHES:
Wood finishes refers to the process of embellishing and/or protecting the surface of a wooden material. The process starts with surface preparation, either by sanding by hand, scraping, or planning. Imperfections or nail holes on the surface may be filled using wood putty or pores may be filled using wood file. Some woods such as pine or cherry do not take stain evenly, resulting in "blotching". To avoid blotching, a barrier coat such as shellac or "wood conditioner" is applied before the stain.

WOOD POLISHES:
NAME
WAX APPEARANCE PROTECTIO N Short term DURABILITY SAFETY EASE OF APPLICATION Easy ,needs sanding REVERSIBILITY

Creates shines

Needs frequent reapplication

Safe when solvents in paste wax evaporate

Needs to be buffed

SHELLAC

Some yellow or orange tint, depending on grade used

Fair against water, good on solvents except alcohol

Durable

Safe when solvent evaporates, used as food and pill coating Used toxic solvents Good protection is needed, especially if painted

French polishing

Completely reversible using alcohol

NITROCEL LULOSE CELLULOS E

Transparent, good gloss

Decent protection

Soft and somewhat durable

Requires nice equipment. Kick-on products also available

Completely irreversible

NAME
LINSEED OIL

APPEARANCE

PROTECTIO N Very little

DURABILITY

SAFETY

EASE OF APPLICATION Easy, apply with rags and wipe off. Takes relatively long time to dry

REVERSIBILITY

Yellow warm glow, pops grain, darkens with age

Fairly durable, depending on number of coats

Relatively safe, metallic driers are poisonous

Needs sanding out as oil is absorbed

POLYURET HANE VARNISH

Transparent, many coats can look like plastic

Excellent protection against many substances, tough finish

Durable after approx. 30 day curing period

Relatively safe, uses petroleum based solvents

Application requires some level of skill

Can be stripped using paint removers

WATER BASEDPOLYURET HANE

Transparent

good protection

Durable after approx. 10 day curing period

Safer than oil-based

Brush or spray. Fast drying demands care in application techniques

Can be stripped using paint removers

VENEERS
Veneer refers to thin slices of wood, usually thinner than 3 mm, that typically are glued onto core panels to produce flat panels such as doors, tops and panels for furniture. Plywood consists of three or more layers of veneer, each glued with its grain at right angles to adjacent layers for strength.
Veneer is obtained either by "peeling" the trunk of a tree or by slicing large rectangular blocks of wood known as fitches. The appearance of the grain and figure in wood comes from slicing through the growth rings of a tree.

TYPES OF VENEERS

1) RAW 2) PAPER BACKED 3) PHENOLIC BACKED 4) LAID UP

VARIOUS OTHER FINISHES:

LAMINATES

STONEER

COCONUT PLANK

3D BOARD

MDF BOARD

SHERA SHEET

RATES FOR FURNITURE FINISHING MATERIALS

1) 2) 3) 4) 5) LAMINATES- 8*9 ft, Rs 1175 STONEER- 2*4 ft, Rs 1200 onwards 3D BOARD- 20*20 in. Rs 600 COCONUT PANEL- 2*4 ft, Rs 4000 MDF BOARD- 8*4 ft and price varies according to the thickness 5mm-Rs 2400 12mm- Rs 3600

Case study: Deco ply - Jetalpur road Mohen showroom Racecourse circle Asian paints Urmi crossing

References: Wikipedia www.googleimages.com various catalogues