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“Channel-2” CFD Report

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Geometry

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Domain Details

Inlet

Domain extension for CFD analysis purpose

Outlet

Original Domain
Inlet

Outlet

Extended Domain for CFD Analysis *

* In this geometry, the inlet is very close to the wall which could cause the reverse flow at the inlet. So as a standard CFD practice, the domain
was extended at the inlet to simulate the actual flow direction. This extension will not affect the results as for post-processing only the original
domain volume is considered.
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Domain Details (contd…)

Splitter

Vertical ribs

Horizontal ribs

Transparent view from top View from Inlet

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Mesh Generation

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Mesh Details

Software – ICEM CFD


Element Type – Tetrahedron
Total Elements ~ 6748940
Total Nodes ~ 1175200
Minimum Quality ~ 0.26*

* Mesh quality above 0.1 is considered good mesh 6


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Mesh Details (contd…)

Horizontal Ribs Vertical Ribs


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Boundary Conditions

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Physics Set-up

• Software for CFD simulation – CFX

• Inlet air flow rate – 35 l/s

• Outlet average Static Pressure – 1 atm

• Advection Scheme – Second order

• Turbulence Model – k epsilon

• Steady State

• 9 Solver
Turbulence at inlet & outlet was monitored in CFX

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Results

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Streamlines

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Velocity Vector @ Midplane

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Velocity Contour

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Velocity Contour (contd…)

Velocity contour @ midplane Velocity contour @ outlet

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Pressure Contour

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Acoustic Power (dB)

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Calculations

1. Following is the Proudman’s Formula# to calculate Acoustic Power per unit volume :

P (W/m3) = 0.1*ρ *ε*{√(2*k)/c}5

2. This Acoustic Power can be converted into dB unit using following relation & same is plotted in slide#16 :

P (dB) = 10*log10 {P (W/m3) / Pref} where Pref = 1e-12 W/m3

3. Taking Volume Integral of P (W/m3), total Acoustic Power Generation for “Inletchannel2 with ribs”
Geometry can be determined. Using CFX-Post, PTotal came out to be 2.77221e-10 W. Later this variable will be
used to compare loudness among all geometries.

where
ρ – density
ε – kinetic energy dissipation
k – kinetic energy
c – sound speed
Pref – Reference Acoustic Power (W/m3)

#
The Proudman's formula gives an approximate measure of the local contribution to total acoustic power per unit volume in a given
turbulence field.
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Discussions

1. Loudness can be compared either directly using turbulence or using sound power calculation
based on this turbulence. Later is used here. For details kindly see slide #17.

3. Based on Turbulence kinetic energy & kinetic energy dissipation results, sound power (dB)
distribution can be determined using Proudman Formula. Same is plotted in slide#16.

5. Total Acoustic Power (W) will be the criteria to compare the loudness among all geometries.
Higher the Acoustic Power, more the noise generation. Kindly see following table –

Sr. Maximum value of Turbulence Total Acoustic Power Loudness Ranking using CFD
Geometry Name
No. Kinetic Energy (m^2/s^2) (W) (based on Total Acoustic Power, W)

1 Flat 83.1 30.2 e -10 1

2 Flat-Rib 45.6 4.16 e -10 2

3 Channel-2 37 2.77 e -10 3 (Least Loud till now)

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