WHAT IS GLOBAL WARMING?

Global warming is the increase in average temperature of earths near the surface air and oceans in recent decades and is projected continuation.

MAIN CAUSES OF GLOBAL WARMING

Green House Effect Ozone Depletion Acid Rain Increasing CO2

GREEN HOUSE EFFECT

The heating up of the earths atmosphere due to trapping of infrared rays by carbon-dioxide layer in the atmosphere is called Green House Effect.

WHAT IS OZONE LAYER?

Ozone layer is the protective shield around earth which absorbs most of the UVradiations of the sun protecting the living beings of earth from health hazards.

OZONE DEPLETION
The CFCs released from refrigeration systems, AC systems reacts with ozone gas and breaks large amount of ozone molecules thus reducing them in stratosphere.

ACID RAIN
Acid rain is the type of pollution. It occurs when Oxides of sulphur and nitrogen and results in formation of sulphuric and nitric acids which pollutes the air and becomes the reason of global warming.

INCREASING CO2
Carbon dioxide increases the temperature of lower atmosphere. The amount of CO2 increasing everyday due to combustion of various types of fossil fuels like coal, petroleum, charcoal etc. and also due to deforestation and becomes the reason of global warming.

DESTRUCTION OF NATURAL HABITAT

It including forests, wetlands, ocean floors. EXAMPLE: over half of the original forest in the world has been converted to other uses.

HOW WE ARE CAUSING GLOBAL WARMING...

An AC used for an hour generates 3kg of CO2. Using a microwave oven for an hour generates 1.3kg of CO2. Using a geyser for an hour generates 3.3kg of CO2. If we lets the tap run while brushing teeth, it wastes about 7 liters of water. Using 1 litre of petrol produces about 1kg of water vapour and 2.17kg of CO2.

HOW TO PREVENT GLOBAL WARMING??

Plant trees Conserve energy: Buy energy efficient products Buy products that have reusable or recyclable packaging Reduce use of car (walk instead)

LOSS OF BIODIVERSITY

Deforestation

Over

Population
Warming

Global

Less

importance is given.

Water
MANAGING NATURAL RESOURCES

WATER

Provide surface for navigation

Generate power Source of food Maintain soil texture Oxygen splitting of H2O during photosynthesis

WATER POLLUTION

Definition :
natural

or induced change in the quality of water which changes it unusable or dangerous.

Reduces the amount of pure fresh water that is available for such necessities as drinking and cleaning and for recreation activities Universal solvent gets contaminated by artificial or natural factors.
Eg:

salination and intrusion of salt water to aquifers

WATER POLLUTION - CLASSIFICATION

Pollution by putriscible materials Pollution by heated effluents Pollution by toxic materials

Pollution by inert materials

Pollution by compunds radio-active elements and

MANAGEMENT OF WATER
-

Best use / optimal use of available water for human benefit Prevent & control its depletion & degradation Developing it for retaining the same quality for future generation & requirement

MANAGEMENT OF WATER
-

Control of Water Pollution

-

To reduce the extent of water pollution, the sewage and the factory wastes have to be cleaned before they flow into the water bodies Two types of treatment : Primary treatment and secondary treatment

LAND POLLUTION

LAND POLLUTION

Land pollution basically is about contaminating the

land surface of the Earth through dumping urban

waste matter indiscriminately, dumping of industrial waste, mineral exploitation, and misusing the soil by harmful agricultural practices.

TYPES OF LAND POLLUTION

Deforestation

Soil erosion
Soil contamination

Wastage disposal
Toxic material

Degradation of land
Natural calamities due to human abuse

LAND POLLUTION COMPRISES OF

Solid Waste: Semisolid or solid matter that are

created by human or animal activities, and which are

disposed because they are hazardous or useless are known as solid waste.

Soil Pollution: Soil pollution is chiefly caused by chemicals in pesticides, such as poisons that are used to kill agricultural pests like insects and herbicides that are used to get rid of weeds.

SOIL POLLUTION

Unhealthy methods of soil management. Harmful practices of irrigation methods. Land pollution is caused by farms because they allow manure to collect, which leaches into the nearby land areas.

Chemicals that are used for purposes like sheep dipping also cause serious land pollution as do diesel oil spillages.

CAUSES OF LAND POLLUTION

Increase in urbanization Increase in agricultural land Domestic waste Agricultural activities Industrial activities

EFFECTS OF LAND POLLUTION

Exterminates wild life Acid rain kills trees and other plants. Vegetation that provides food and shelter is destroyed.

It can seriously disrupt the balance of nature, and, in extreme cases, can cause human fatalities.

Pesticides can damage crops; kill vegetation; and poison birds, animals, and fish.

CONSEQUENCES OF LAND POLLUTION

Land pollution can affect wildlife, plants, and humans

in a number of ways, such as:

Cause problems in the respiratory system Cause problems on the skin Lead to birth defects Cause various kinds of cancers

REDUCING LAND POLLUTION

Encourage organic farming Proper garbage disposal Recycle garbage Reduce use of herbicides and pesticides Avoid over packaged items Efficient utilization of resources and reducing wastage

PREVENTIVE MEASURES

People should be educated and made aware about the harmful effects of littering

Items used for domestic purposes ought to be reused or recycled

Personal litter should be disposed properly

Organic waste matter should be disposed in areas are far away from residential places

Inorganic matter such as paper, plastic, glass and metals should be reclaimed and then recycled

AIR POLLUTION

Air pollution is the introduction of chemicals, particulate matter, or biological materials that cause harm or discomfort to humans or other living organisms, or cause damage to the natural environment or built environment, into the atmosphere

CAUSES
By burning of petrol, kerosene, in automobiles and stoves. Cigarette smoking, the smoke contains CO By natural sources like electric discharge during storms, volcanic eruptions and forests fires. In India the main causes are increase in Vehicles Industries Power generation

MANAGEMENT OF AIR POLLUTION

Regulation of automobile pollution Implementing regulatory norms. Fuel policies State level planning

AIR ACT 1981

It is for the prevention and control of air pollution Air quality standards were established National Ambient Air Quality standards for major pollutants were notified Special emission standards had been set.