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required to sustain life 0 2 body systems that supply the bodys oxygen demands
0 Cardiovascular system
0 Respiratory system
Respiratory System
0 The lung transfers O2 from the atmosphere into the
alveoli, where the O2 is exchanged for CO2 0 The alveoli transfers O2 and CO2 to and from the blood through the alveolar membrane
Pulse Oximetry
0 Noninvasive
Pulse Oximetry
0 Factors that affect accuracy include 0 Hemoglobin level 0 Circulation 0 Activity 0 Carbon monoxide poisoning
Respiration
0 Processes 0 Ventilation 0 Diffusion 0 Perfusion
Ventilation
0 Factors influencing ventilation 0 Adequate atmosphere oxygen 0 Clear air passages 0 Adequate pulmonary compliance and recoil 0 Regulation of respiration
Diffusion
0 Factors influencing diffusion of gasses 0 Thickness of membrane 0 Surface area of the membrane 0 Diffusion coefficient of gasses 0 Pressure gradient on each side of the membrane
Perfusion
0 Factors affecting oxygen transport from lungs to the
tissues
0 Blood hematocrit
0 Exercise
0 Emotions (fear, anxiety, anger) 0 Lifestyles (smoking, occupations, sedentary life, etc) 0 Health status (anemia [low red blood cells]
Signs of Hypoxia
0 Early/ acute signs 0 Restlessness 0 Increased pulse rate 0 Increased rate and depth of respiration 0 Increase in systolic blood pressures
Signs of Hypoxia
0 Late/chronic signs 0 Decreased pulse rate 0 Decreased systolic blood pressure 0 Dyspnea 0 Fatigue and lethargy 0 Cough 0 Hemoptysis 0 Clubbing of fingers
0 2. Positioning 0 To allow maximum chest expansion 0 Fowlers position 0 Encourage frequent changes
0 4. Adequate hydration 0 Maintain moisture of the respiratory mucus membrane 0 Use of humidifiers/ nebulizers
0 Steam/ aerosol/ medimist
0 Vibration 0 Serves of vigorous quivering produced by hands that are placed flat against clients chest wall; done during exhalation 0 Postural drainage 0 Drainage by gravity of secretions from various lung segments
pressure
Nursing Implication
0 Since oxygen is colorless, odorless, and tasteless,
leakage cant be detected 0 Since oxygen is dry, gas mucus membrane invitation could happen
electricity 0 Humidify O2 0 Provide good oro-nasal hygiene 0 Lubricate with water soluble stuff 0 Document