Sei sulla pagina 1di 9

Changes of State

BBC

- KS 2 Rev isew is e - Sc ien ce. u rl BBC - KS3 Bitesize - Index.url

Heat will change a material from a solid to a liquid to a gas. A liquid evaporates into a gas when it is warmed. It does NOT disappear. A solid melts into a liquid when it is warmed.

Removing heat (cooling) will change a material from a gas to a liquid to a solid. A gas condenses into a liquid when it is cooled. A liquid freezes into a solid when it is cooled Dew is formed when water vapour in the air condenses. On a cold night dew can freeze to form frost.

Changing states
Changing the temperature of a substance can result in a change in its state. Below is a diagram showing you how these states are linked together.

Melting is when a solid turns into a liquid at its melting point and freezing is the opposite of melting. Boiling is when a liquid is bubbling, the liquid is turning into a gas inside the liquid, at its boiling point. Condensing is a gas turning into a liquid.

of a substance is that temperature when both the solid and the liquid state can exist together. It is the temperature when the solid turns into a liquid or vice versa.

The melting point


of a substance is that temperature when the gas state of the substance forms bubbles in its liquid. It is boiling! It is the temperature when the liquid turns into a gas.

The boiling point


is when the solid state of the substance changes into the gas state without going through the liquid state and vice versa.

Sublimation

Melting point, boiling point, and density


Different substances have different melting points, boiling points and densities. The table shows the melting points, boiling points and densities of a number of substances.
Name

E L E M E T S

Symbol or Formula

Melting point C

Boiling point C

Density s/cm3

Nitrogen Bromine

N2 Br

- 210 -7

- 196 58

0,0012 3,1

Oxygen Iron
Mercury

O2 Fe
Hg

- 219 1539
-39

- 183 2887
357

0,0013 7,9
13,5

C O M P O U N D S

Water
Ethanol Carbon dioxide Iron oxide

H2 O
C 2H6O CO2 Fe2O3

0
-56 -56 1457

100
-78 -78 1562

1,0
0,8 0,0018 5,2

State of a substance at room temperature


Here is a method for working out if a substance is a solid, liquid or gas at room temperature. This question is often asked in your tests. 1. Look up the substance's melting and boiling points

2. Draw a number line 3. Put the melting, boiling point and room temperature (this is always 20C) on the number line. 4. Label it solid below melting point, liquid between the melting and boiling points and gas above the boiling point. 5. The state of the substance at room temperature is shown when looking at 20C, room temperature.

Bromine
Melting point Room temperature

Boiling point

Bromine is a liquid at room temperature.

Nitrogen

Melting point

Boiling point

Room temperature

Nitrogen is a gas at room temperature.

Do the same with the others!

What happens during state change?


When a substance melts it changes from a solid to a liquid. During this change the temperature remains constant. The energy supplied causes the bonds between the particles in the solid to break. Similarly, when a liquid is boiling its temperature does not rise. The energy goes to overcome the forces between the particles in the liquid turning the liquid into a gas. A heating curve shows this in more detail.

Potrebbero piacerti anche