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Heat will change a material from a solid to a liquid to a gas. A liquid evaporates into a gas when it is warmed. It does NOT disappear. A solid melts into a liquid when it is warmed.
Removing heat (cooling) will change a material from a gas to a liquid to a solid. A gas condenses into a liquid when it is cooled. A liquid freezes into a solid when it is cooled Dew is formed when water vapour in the air condenses. On a cold night dew can freeze to form frost.
Changing states
Changing the temperature of a substance can result in a change in its state. Below is a diagram showing you how these states are linked together.
Melting is when a solid turns into a liquid at its melting point and freezing is the opposite of melting. Boiling is when a liquid is bubbling, the liquid is turning into a gas inside the liquid, at its boiling point. Condensing is a gas turning into a liquid.
of a substance is that temperature when both the solid and the liquid state can exist together. It is the temperature when the solid turns into a liquid or vice versa.
Sublimation
E L E M E T S
Symbol or Formula
Melting point C
Boiling point C
Density s/cm3
Nitrogen Bromine
N2 Br
- 210 -7
- 196 58
0,0012 3,1
Oxygen Iron
Mercury
O2 Fe
Hg
- 219 1539
-39
- 183 2887
357
0,0013 7,9
13,5
C O M P O U N D S
Water
Ethanol Carbon dioxide Iron oxide
H2 O
C 2H6O CO2 Fe2O3
0
-56 -56 1457
100
-78 -78 1562
1,0
0,8 0,0018 5,2
2. Draw a number line 3. Put the melting, boiling point and room temperature (this is always 20C) on the number line. 4. Label it solid below melting point, liquid between the melting and boiling points and gas above the boiling point. 5. The state of the substance at room temperature is shown when looking at 20C, room temperature.
Bromine
Melting point Room temperature
Boiling point
Nitrogen
Melting point
Boiling point
Room temperature