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Introduction
It is the most lethal gynecological
malignancy >25,000 women in USA annually 14,000 deaths annually Incidence has increased by 30% over the past decade Deaths from ovarian cancer increased by 18% 60% of patients present with advancedstage disease
Epidemiology
The etiologies of epithelial ovarian cancer
are not known Age The mean age at diagnosis is 59 years 15.7 per 100,000 women at age 40 years 54 per 100,000mwomen at age 79 years One women in 70 in the USA will develop ovarian cancer Ov ca is a disease of postmenopausal women, women with a family history of breast ca and ov.ca may be diagnosed with ov.ca up to 10 years earlier than the
Family history
The strongest risk factor A women with a single first-degree relative with ov.Ca has a relative risk (RR) of approximately 3.6 for developing ov.ca compared with general population Her life time risk approx. 5% 5-10% of ov.ca are linked to identifiable, inherited mutations in certain genes Families in which three or more first-degree relatives have ovarian or ovarian plus breast cancer are likley to have a cancersusceptibility genetic mutation that is transmitted in an autosomal-dominant inheritance pattern
Family history
Three familial ovarian cancer
syndromes: The site specific ovarian ov.ca syndrome # only ov.ca is seen # account for 10-15% of hereditary ov.ca The hereditary breast/ovarian cancer syndrome #associated with 65-75% of
`Family history
In the hereditary nonpolyposis
colorectal cancer syndrome (HNPCC), affected individuals may have colon, endometrial, breast, ovarian or other cancers HNPCC kindred's account for an additional 10-15% of hereditary ovarian cancer The hereditary breast/ovarian cancer syndrome and perhaps less frequently the site specific ovarian cancer
Ethnicity
Higher in white women Higher in north America and northern
Europe than Japan Difference related to genetics, diet, or environmental exposure or a combination BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes are more common among white women of Ashkenazi descent Incidence of ov.ca is higher in countries with higher in countries with higher per capita consumption of animal fat
Reproduction factors
Nulliparous First childbirth after age 35 years Involuntary infertility Late menopause and early menarche RR (2.0-5.0) Pts. With prolonged period or
uninterrupted ovulation
Exogenous hormones
OCP decreased risk of epithelial
no relation
pelvic pressure, urinary and rectal symptoms Ascites , pleural effusion and shortness of breath cashecsia
Ovarian Cancer
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Ovarian Cancer
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