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Prepared By: Sharif Muhammad Majedul Khan Senior RF Engineer Afghan Wireless Communication Company
Contents
Overview of WCDMA Radio Network Planning
3G Estimated Customers
150 80 120
Uplink/Downlink coverage cell coverage semidiameter Calculate the number of necessary NodeBs
Service Type
Basic Features
Typical Cases
Conversational
Keep time relationship between information entities in stream, conversational mode (small delay and strict delay jitter requirement) Keep time relationship between information entities in stream Request response mode and keep data integrity Target has high tolerance to data delay and data integrity shall be kept
Streaming
Voice stream media download, movie browse, VOD Basic browse, mobile office, information service and e-commerce VAS service, SMS, MMS, FTP, Email
Interactive
Background
Call setup
Call release
Busy Hour Call Attempt (BHCA) Call duration Busy hour traffic Busy Hour Traffic = BHCA x Call Duration /3600
0.0509 0.048
0.045
120 120
120
1.8 1.6
1.5
Suburb Area
Rural Area
1 1 1 7 110
Note: The data in this table is intended for Class 4 area. For Class 1, 2 and 3 areas, you can multiply the data by 30, 20 and 10 respectively. Overseas developed areas are taken as Class 1 areas.
Improvement to the space free loss formula for Radio Propagation Model:
Model Name Okumura-Hata Frequency Range 150 MHz1500 MHz macro cell
Cost231-Hata
Cost231 Walfish-Ikegami Keenan-Motley General model
Cost231-Hata Model
Pathloss 46 .3 33 .9 lg f 13 .82 log hb 44 .9 6.55 lg hb lg d Ahm Cm
General Model
Path loss = k1 + k2log(d) + k3Hms + k4lg(Hms) + k5lg(Heff) + k6log(Heff)log(d) + k7(diffraction loss) + clutter loss d -refers to the distance from mobile station to BS antenna, unit: Km
Heff- refers to the effective height of BS transmit antenna, unit: m Hms -refers to the height of mobile station antenna, unit: m
Processing gain
Different services have dissimilar processing gains. As a result, their service coverage radiuses are different.
PG = 25dB PG = 18dB PG = 10dB Voice 12.2 kbps Data 64 kbps Data 384 kbps Node B
Eb/No required
Noise Subscriber 1
Subscriber 3 Subscriber 2
Eb indicates the signal energy per bit, that is, Eb = S/R where S indicates signal energy and R indicates service bit rate.
No indicates the noise power spectrum density, that is No = N/W where W indicates bandwidth (3.84 M) and N indicates noise (total receiving power except the signal itself).
Eb/No =
S W X R N
S X W N R
S N
X PG
Eb/No is related to the service type, moving speed, coding/decoding algorithm, antenna diversify, power control, and multi-path environment.
Eb/No Values Under Different Channel Environments in 3GPP
Channel Rate (kbit/s) Required Error Block Rate Recommended Value by 3GPP Channel Rate (kbit/s) Required Error Block Rate Recommended Value by 3GPP Channel Rate (kbit/s) 12.2 12.2 <10-1 <10-2 64 <10-1 <10-2 n.a 5.1 dB 1.5 dB 1.7 dB 64 12.2 <10-1 <10-2 <10-1 <10-2 144 <10-1 <10-2 384 <10-1 <10-2 n.a 11.9 dB 6.2 dB 9.2 dB 5.4 dB 384 8.4 dB 5.8 dB 8.8 dB 64 Required Error Block Rate <10-1 <10-2 <10-1 <10-2 Recommended Value by 3GPP n.a 9.0 dB 4.3 dB 6.4 dB
144
<10-1
<10-2 <10-1 <10-2
3.7 dB
5.6 dB 4.1 dB 6.1 dB
144
<10-1
<10-2
0.8 dB
0.9 dB 0.9 dB 1.0 dB
384
<10-1 <10-2
Multi-path channel 1
Multi-path channel 2
Noise increasing[dB]
e abl i-st s a u
a are
e area Stabl
Un
Load
Interference margin =
10 lg(1 ) , where
For the downlink, the relationship between load and interference still exists. The interference margin shall be determined by emulation because it is hard to make the theoretic calculation.
Planning 3G network with HSPA+ service base on 2G Network
sta ble
Thermal noise
Noise = KTW (in the unit of W), -174 dBm at the normal temperature KBoltzmann constant, 1.38*10-23J/K TKelvin temperature , 290 K WSignal bandwidth, 3.84 M
When dBm is taken as the calculation unit: Noise=10lg(KT)+10lg(W) where 10lg(KT) indicates the thermal noise density (in the unit of dBm/Hz). Noise indicates the thermal noise, caused by electronic thermal movements in the conductor. It is generated between antenna and receiver as well as in the damaged component coupler of level 1 of the receiver. The power spectrum density is the same at the fixed frequency point because the noise bandwidth is far larger than the system bandwidth. The noise power generated by the thermal noise source is the same per unit bandwidth.
Planning 3G network with HSPA+ service base on 2G Network
Noise coefficient
Noise coefficient of the receiver indicates the noise that the receiver introduces in the processing. It is equal to the ratio of input S/N to output S/N.
It is generally taken to 2.2 dB for the BS and 5 dB for the MS during link budget.
So:
S(dBm) = Eb/No(dB) + 10lg(KTW) + Nf(dBm) + IM(dBm) - 10lg(W/R)
Noise figure
Body loss
Cable losses
Building Penetration loss
64000 21 2 0 23 18 3 3 -174 70 5.23 -171 48.06 2.54 -115.40 4.5 2.5 11.6 20 123.80
Equivalent Erlangs method : Make a service Post Erlang-B method: Calculate the capacity required Campbell method: Make multiple services equivalent
to a virtual service and calculate the capacity on the basis of the virtual service.
Compare the results and evaluate the larger one Based on traffic model
Based on power
A<B
Yes
End
Planning 3G network with HSPA+ service base on 2G Network
What is HSPA+
HSPA Evolution is HSPA+. It means an evolvement direction which is based on the CDMA and under the condition of compatible with legacy HSDPA/HSUPA network, to enhance the HSPA network by introducing some new technologies.
HSPA
Carrier Bandwidth MA Mode Single-Carrier 5MHz DS-CDMA
HSPA+
Single-Carrier 5MHz DS-CDMA
LTE
Multi-Carrier Scalable (1.25,2.5,5,10,15,20MHz) OFDMA(DL) SC-FDMA(UL)
Bandwidth
HSPA+ P1 (3GPP R7 )
SISO 21.09 27.95 2x2 MIMO N/A
HSPA+ P2 (3GPP R8 )
SISO 2x2 MIMO SISO 21.09 42.19 42.19 84.38 168.76
5MHz
10MHz
20MHz
N/A
N/A
Bandwidth
5MHz
11.498
2x2 MIMO
N/A SISO
34.494
N/A 34.494 68.988
2x2 MIMO
4x4 MIMO SISO 2x2 MIMO
34.494
68.988 34.494 68.988
10MHz
N/A
2x2 MIMO
N/A
20MHz N/A N/A
N/A
4x4 MIMO
SISO 2x2 MIMO 4x4 MIMO
137.976
68.988 137.976 275.952
Feature Multi-Carrier User-Plane Latency Control-Plane Latency VoIP Subscribers MBMS System Architecture
Service: PS CN: SGSN + GGSN Topology: Centralized / Star New UE Category: DLCategory 13 16 ULCategory 7
RNC
Node B
UE
Node B
UE
Planning 3G network with HSPA+ service base on 2G Network
IP
Node B+ Core Network
UE
Service: PS only CN: SGSN + GGSN or aGW Topology: Distributed / Mesh New UE Category: DLCategory 17 20 ULCategory 8 9
Node B+
Node B+
UE
UE
Planning 3G network with HSPA+ service base on 2G Network
The WCDMA system adopts the CDMA technology, and different NodeBs or different sectors of a BS are differentiated by scrambling.
The downlink scrambling code is the PN sequence generated by an 18-bit shift register, with a total of 218 1 = 262,143 scrambling sequences. However, the system only uses these scrambling sequences numbered from 0 to 24,575.
Common scrambling codes: k = 0,1,2,8,191, corresponding to 8,192 common scrambling codes, and used in normal mode. Left secondary scrambling code: k + 8,192 and k = 0,1,2,8,191, is the replaceable scrambling code used in compression mode in the case of n <
SF/2, with a total number of 8,192. Right secondary scrambling code: k + 16,384 and k = 0,1,2,8,191, is the replaceable scrambling code used in compression mode in the case of n SF/2, with a total number of 8,192.
One set
i=0,
,511
,15
The primary scrambling code and 15 secondary scrambling codes of each set correspond to each other.
Recommended value
0 to 224
225 to 324
325 to 511
WCDMA KPI
S/I 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37
KPI CallSetupSuccessRatio(CSSR)[%] RRCSetupandAccessCompleteRatio[%] RABSetupandAccessCompleteRatio[%] RABSetupandAccessCompleteRatio,Multi-RABServices[%] LCSSetup[%] PacketSessionSetupSuccessRatio(SSSR)[%] AAL2ResourceAccessibilityRatio[%] High-levelindicatorsforretainability CallSuccessRatio(CSR)[%] RRCSuccessRatio[%] RABSuccessRatio RABSuccessRatio,Multi-RABServices[%] PacketSessionSuccessRatio(SSR)[%] High-levelindicatorsforusage RadioLoad[dBm] LogicalResourceAvailability[%] HWResources[%] PeakResourceReservationNumbers[Integernumber] Availablebandwidth[%] AllocatedCapacity[kbit/s] ReservedAAL2bandwidth[%] AverageRadioLayer(RLC,MACorFP)Throughput[kbit/s] Erlang[Erlang] AverageATMlayerthroughput[kbit/s] ActiveThroughput[kbit/s] Radiolayer(RLC,MACorFP)DataVolumes[kbit] ATMlayerdatavolumes[kbit/s] ATMlayertrafficload[%] High-levelindicatorsformobility SoftHandoverSuccessRate[%] SoftHandoverOverhead[%] IntraSystemHardHandoverSuccessRatio[%] HSPAServingCellChangeSuccessRate[%] InterSystemHardHandoverSuccessRatio[%] High-levelindicatorsforintegrity NRTRetransmissionRatio[%] BlockErrorRatio(BLER)[%]
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