CONTENTS:

INTRODUCTION GENERATION OF DATA RECORDERS INSIDE THE BLACK-BOX TECHNOLOGY USED FOR RECORDING & STORAGE TRANSMISSION OF DATA BUILT TO SURVIVE TESTING A CSMU UNDERWATER LOCATOR BEACON OTHER USES FOR BLACK BOX TECHNOLOGY RETRIEVING INFORMATION ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES CONCLUSION

INTRODUCTION
Dr .David Warren, an Australian aviation scientist, proposed a flight recording device and by 1958 he had produced the prototype "ARL Flight Memory Unit ". Black boxes - which are actually orange- are a group of data collection devices mounted in the tail of an aircraft. The Black Box is a Flight Recorder used to record specific aircraft performance parameters. With any airplane crash, there are many unanswered questions as to what brought the plane down. Investigators turn to the airplane's flight data recorder.(FDR) and cockpit voice recorder (CVR), also known as "black boxes," for answers. In Flight 261, the FDR contained 48 parameters of flight data, and the CVR recorded a little more than 30 minutes of conversation and other audible cockpit noises.

Worlds first flight memory recorder (Black Box):

Generations of Data Recorders First Generation -Foil Recorders Second Generation- Tape Recorders Third Generation- Solid State Recorders

INSIDE THE BLACK-BOX

COCKPIT VOICE RECORDERS
FLIGHT DATA RECORDERS

COCKPIT VOICE RECORDERS

CVR is designed to track the conversations of the flight crew.

there are several microphones built into the cockpitt track the conversations of the flight crew.
These microphones are also designed to track any ambient noise in the cockpit, such as switches being thrown or any knocks or thuds. There may be up to four microphones in the plane's cockpit, each connected to the cockpit voice recorder(CVR)

 Any sounds in the cockpit are picked up by these microphones and sent to the CVR, where the recordings are digitized and stored.
There is also another device in the cockpit, called the associated control unit
The Positions Of The Four Microphones

Pilots headset

Co-pilots headset
Headset of a third crew member (if there is a third crew member) Near the center of the cockpit, where it can pick up audio

alerts and other sounds

FLIGHT DATA RECORDERS

The Flight Data Recorder (FDR) is designed to record the operating data from the planes system.

Solid-state recorders can track more parameters than magnetic tape because they allow for a faster data flow. Solid-state FDRs can store up to25 hours of flight data.

Parameters Recorded By Most FDRs:

Time Pressure altitude Airspeed Vertical acceleration Magnetic heading Control-column position Rudder-pedal position Control-wheel position Horizontal stabilizer Fuel flow

Technology used for Recording and Storage: Magnetic Tape

Solid-State Technology

MAGNETIC TAPE

Most of the black boxes in use today use magnetic tape, which was first introduced in the 1960s, or solid-state memory boards, which came along in the 1990s. The Mylar tape is pulled across an electromagnetic head, which leaves a bit of data on the tape. Black-box manufacturers are no longer making magnetic tape recorders as airlines begin a full transition to solid-state technology

SOLID-STATE TECHNOLOGY
Solid-state recorders are considered much more reliable than their magnetic-tape counterparts. Solid state uses stacked arrays of memory chips. Boards are about 1.75 inches (4.45 cm) in diameter and 1 inch (2.54 cm) tall.

TRANSMISSION OF DATA

Data from both the CVR and FDR is stored on stacked memory boards inside the crash-survivable memory unit (CSMU). All of the data collected by the airplane's sensors is sent to the flight-data acquisition unit (FDAU) at the front of the aircraft .

BUILT TO SURVIVE (CRASH-SURVIVAL MEMORY UNITS-CSMU)

In many airline accidents, the only device that survive.

Basic protection elements are: Aluminum housing High-temperature insulation Stainless-steel shell The rest of the recorders, chasis and inner components are mangled.

TESTING A CSMU
There are several tests that make up the crash survival sequence: Pin drop Static crush Crash impact Fire test Deep-sea submersion Salt-water submersion Fluid immersion

UNDERWATER LOCATOR BEACON

Black boxes are equipped with an underwater locator beacon (ULB). Cylinder is actually a beacon. Beacon sends out an ultrasonic pulse submergence sensor

RETRIEVING INFORMATION

This portable interface can allow investigators quick access to the data

on a black box.
With solid-state recorders

OTHER USES FOR BLACK BOX TECHNOLOGY

Automobile manufacturing
Future aspects

Advantages of Black Box Testing:

Allows us to carry out the majority of testing classes, most of which can be implemented solely by black box tests, i.e. load tests and availability tests.

For testing classes that can be carried out by both white and black box tests, black box testing requires fewer resources.

Disadvantages of Black Box Testing:

Possibility that coincidental aggregation of several errors will produce the correct response for a test case, and prevent error detection. Absence of control of line coverage.

There is no easy way to specify the parameters of the test cases required to improve coverage.

CONCLUSION
From the study of Black Box we derived a information that how the information about aircraft mishap is analyzed & unanswered question is answered.

In this study we discuss about various technology various aspects involved in black box.

REFERENCES
www.popularmechanics.com
www.avista.com
www.wikipedia.com/black_box

www.aerodynamics.com