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Subj
.
Subj
The two sentences can be linked into one. We use a relative pronoun to substitute the common item and join the two sentences in one.
We are waiting for Apu , who is from India.
This is the main clause. This is the subordinate clause.
LINKING WORDS
RELATIVE PRONOUNS
WHO / THAT
WHICH / THAT
WHOSE
LINKING WORDS
RELATIVE ADVERBS
WHEN / THAT
WHERE
WHY / THAT
Its the book that I read yesterday. * Its the book. (this sentence is incomplete)
Non-Defining relative clauses (with commas) are more common in written English because they are quite formal. In spoken English we would probably use two sentences. Compare:
Elvis Presley, who has sold over one billion albums, died of prescription drug abuse. [written]
Formal / Informal
with
Elvis has sold over a billion albums. He died of an overdose. [spoken]
Verb + preposition
When the verb is followed by a preposition in the relative clause we can use two structures: The woman is a lawyer. I spoke to a woman
Formal: Preposition + rel.pronoun The woman to whom* I spoke is a lawyer.
(*We cant omit the relative pronoun after a preposition)
Or
Informal: Preposition after the verb The woman (who) I spoke to is a lawyer.
Charlie, whose sister lives in London, is travelling to England this summer. (Charlies sister lives in London).