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ghlee@alumni.csie.nctu.edu.tw
Outline
Service logic were hardwired in switching systems. Network operators discuss services customers required with switch vendors. (no standard) Once services were implemented, they were not easily modified.
In the mid-1960s, stored program control (SPC) switching systems were introduced. As a result, it was easier to introduce new services. Service logic was not modular.
In the mid-1970s, common channel signaling network (CCSN) was introduced. Signaling system number 7 (SS7) is the protocol that runs over the CCSN. SS7 network separates the call setup information and talk path from the common trunk that runs between switching systems.
signal switching points (SSPs)SSPs are telephone switches equipped with SS7-capable software and terminating signaling links. They generally originate, terminate, or switch calls. signal transfer points (STPs)STPs are the packet switches of the SS7 network. They receive and route incoming signaling messages to destination. signal control points (SCPs)SCPs are databases providing information necessary for advanced callprocessing capabilities
SS7 network
The Introduction of IN
During the mid-1980s, Telcordia Technologies responded to RBOCss request and developed the concept of Intelligent Network 1 (IN/1). Service logic splits from switching system, now resides in service control points (SCP).
service logic now here
Call Model
PICs represent switching system states that a call goes through from origination to termination. SSPs check TDPs to see if there are any active triggers. If an active trigger is detected, normal switching system call processing is suspended until the SSP and SCP complete communications.
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IP
SNDCP
Radio indep
Radio dep
Multiplexing layer
Relay
SNDCP LLC
GTP-U
GTP-U
LLC RLC MAC GSM RF Um RLC MAC GSM RF BSSGP Network Service L1bis Gb
UDP IP L2 L1 Gi
MS
BSS
SGSN
GGSN
Frame relay
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GMM/SM LLC RLC MAC GSM RF Um BSSGP Network Service L1bis Gb BSSGP Network Service L1bis
MS
BSS
2G-SGSN
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Signaling plane
Transmission plane
NSAPI SNDCP
N-PDU
SNDC Header NSAPI + Control SAPI LLC TLLI RLC or BSSGP LLC Header Control
Data
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User plane in 3G
Application
GTP-U UDP/IP L2 L1
Gn
GTP-U UDP/IP L2 L1
Gi
MS
UTRAN
3G-SGSN
3G-GGSN
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ATM
Control plane in 3G
GMM / SM / SMS GMM / SM / SMS
RANAP SCCP
Signalling Bearer
RANAP SCCP
Signalling Bearer
AAL5 ATM
Iu-Ps
MS
RNS
CAMEL architecture
Home Network
HLR
MAP
gsmSCF
CAP
gprsSSF SGSN
MS
Interrogating Network
Visiting Network
Home/Interrogating/Visiting Network
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CAP has the same underlying protocol stack as MAP. Ge interface is first defined in 3G, but didnt appear in 2.5G.
MAP TCAP SCCP MTP3 MTP2 L1 Gr HLR
CAP TCAP SCCP MTP3 MTP2 L1 gprsSSF Ge CAP TCAP SCCP MTP3 MTP2 L1 gsmSCF
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SGSN
GTP
GGSN
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GPRS events maybe made visible to gsmSCF. DPs are points at which these events are detected. DPs can be armed to notify gsmSCF GPRS event was encountered, and to allow gsmSCF to influence subsequent handling of GPRS session/PDP Context. If DP isnt armed, processing entity continues processing without gsmSCF involvement at the DP.
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Trigger Detection Point-Request (TDP-R) Event Detection Point-Request (EDP-R) Event Detection Point-Notification (EDP-N)
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TDP-R Statically armed, initiate a CAMEL control relationship When GPRS event is encountered, processing is suspended EDP-R Dynamically armed within CAMEL control relationship When GPRS event is encountered, processing is suspended and gprsSSF waits for inst from gsmSCF EDP-N Dynamically armed within CAMEL control relationship When GPRS event is encountered, processing is not suspended.
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Detached
Attach
Attached
Intra SGSN Routeing area update
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DP PDP Context PDP Context Est. PDP_Context_ Context C_Exception Establishment PDP Setup Disconnection PDP Context DP PDP Context Setup Ack. PDP Context Est. Ack. Establishment Ack User or network PDP_Context_ initiated disc. DP PDP Context Established Disconnection Routeing area update Change of Position Context DP Change of Position Context Routeing area update
Change of Position context
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Scenario 1
Allows CAMEL control of GPRS session and of multiple PDP contexts within 1 GPRS dialogue Allows CAMEL control of a single PDP contexts Multiple PDP contexts are controlled via multiple GPRS dialogues.
Scenario 2
Involves Attach/Detach state model Uses less resource (tcap dialogue) More complicated when implementation
SGSN / SSP A/D SM PDP#1 SM PDP#2 SM GPRS Dialogue Information flow related to the Session Information flow related to PDP Context #1 Information flow related to PDP Context #2
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SCP
Doesnt involves Attach/Detach state model Uses more resource (tcap dialogue) Simpler when implementation
SGSN / SSP PDP#1 SM GPRS Dialogue #1 Information flow related to PDP context #1 SCP
PDP#2 SM
GPRS Attach
The message sequence chart is too large to fit in this slide. Please see the supplementary document from 3GPP 23060 spec. Notice the Insert subscriber data procedure, GPRSCSI (CAMEL Subscription Information) is sent from HLR to SGSN. 2.5G HLR does not keep GPRS-CSI, nor does it send GPRS-CSI to SGSN. 3G HLR could keep GPRS-CSI, also it sends GPRS-CSI when doing Insert subscriber data procedure.
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GPRS-CSI
gsmSCF Address Service Key Default GPRS Handling TDP List CAMEL Capability Handling CSI state Notification flag gsmSCF address list for CSI
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1. Activate PDP Context Request C1 2. Security Functions 3. Invoke Trace 4. Create PDP Context Request 4. Create PDP Context Response 7. BSS Packet Flow Context Procedures C2 9. Activate PDP Context Accept
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Discussion
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