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Definition
Short message service (SMS) is a globally accepted wireless service that enables the transmission of alphanumeric messages between mobile subscribers and external systems such as electronic mail, paging, and voice-mail systems.
Introduction
SMS appeared on the wireless scene in 1991 in Europe. The European standard for digital wireless, now known as the Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM), included short messaging services from the outset. In North America, SMS was made available initially on digital wireless networks built by early pioneers such as BellSouth Mobility, PrimeCo, and Nextel, among others. These digital wireless networks are based on GSM, code division multiple access (CDMA), and time division multiple access (TDMA) standards.
How it works?
Messages in Short Message Service (SMS) must be no longer than 160 alpha-numeric characters and contain no images or graphics. Once a message is sent, it is received by a Short Message Service Center (SMSC), which must then get it to the appropriate mobile device. To do this, the SMSC sends a SMS Request to the home location register (HLR) to find the roaming customer. Once the HLR receives the request, it will respond to the SMSC with the subscriber's status: 1) inactive or active 2) where subscriber is roaming. If the response is "inactive", then the SMSC will hold onto the message for a period of time. When the subscriber accesses his device, the HLR sends a SMS Notification to the SMSC, and the SMSC will attempt delivery. The SMSC transfers the message in a Short Message Delivery Point to Point format to the serving system. The system pages the device, and if it responds, the message gets delivered. The SMSC receives verification that the message was received by the end user, then categorizes the message as "sent" and will not attempt to send again. The number of mobile-phone users expects to reach 500 million worldwide by 2003, and with the help of SMS, 75 percent of all cellular phones will be Internet-enabled.
Benefits of SMS
At a minimum, SMS benefits include the following:
Delivery of notifications and alerts Guaranteed message delivery Reliable, low-cost communication mechanism for concise information Ability to screen messages and return calls in a selective way Increased subscriber productivity
Delivery of messages to multiple subscribers at a time Ability to receive diverse information E-mail generation Creation of user groups Integration with other data and Internet-based applications
Ability to increment average revenue per user (due to increased number of calls on wireless and wireline networks by leveraging the notification capabilities of SMS) An alternative to alphanumeric paging services, which may replace or complement an existing paging offer Ability to enable wireless data access for corporate users New revenue streams resulting from addition of value-added services such as email, voice mail, fax, and Web-based application integration, reminder service, stock and currency quotes, and airline schedules Provision of key administrative services such as advice of charge, over-the-air downloading, and over-the-air service provisioning Protection of important network resources (such as voice channels), due to SMS sparing use of the control and traffic channels Notification mechanisms for newer services such as those utilizing wireless application protocol (WAP)
SMSC
SMSC is a combination of hardware and software responsible for the relaying and storing and forwarding of a short message between an SME and mobile device. The SMSC must have high reliability, subscriber capacity, and message throughput. In addition, the system should be easily scalable to accommodate growing demand for SMS in the network. Normally, an INbased solution will allow for a lower entry cost compared to point solutions because it can support other applications on a single hardware platform and share resources, thereby spreading the deployment cost over several services and applications. Another factor to be considered is the ease of operation and maintenance of the application, as well as the flexibility to activate new services and upgrade to new software releases.
E-MailProbably the most demanded application of SMS is the ability to deliver e-mail notifications and to support two-way email, using an SMScompliant terminal. The SMSC must support interconnection to e-mail servers acting as message input/output mechanisms. OthersThere are several other mechanisms to submit short messages to the SMSC that include, but are not limited to, paging networks, specialized software for PCbased messaging and operator bureaus.
Signaling Elements
The MAP layer defines the operations necessary to support SMS. The following basic MAP operations are necessary to provide the end-to-end SMS:
Routing Information Request Point-to-Point Short Message Delivery Short Message Waiting Indication Service Center Alert
Service Elements
SMS is comprised of several service elements relevant to the reception and submission of short messages:
In addition, SMS provides a time stamp reporting the time of submission of the message to the SMSC and an indication to the handset of whether or not there are more messages to send (GSM) or the number of additional messages to send (IS41).
Subscriber Services
Network Infrastructure
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The short message is submitted from the ESME to the SMSC. The SMSC sends an acknowledgement to the ESME, indicating reception of the short message. After completing its internal processing, the SMSC interrogates the HLR. The HLR sends the routing information for the mobile subscriber to the SMSC. The SMSC sends the short message to the MSC using the SMSDPP Invoke operation. The MSC transfers the short message to the MS. The MS returns an acknowledgement to the MSC. The MSC returns to the SMSC the outcome of the SMSDPP operation. If requested by the ESME, the SMSC returns a delivery receipt indicating successful delivery of the short message.
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The MS is powered on and registered with the network. The MS transfers the SM to the MSC. The MSC interrogates the VLR to verify that the message transfer does not violate the supplementary services invoked or the restrictions imposed. The MSC sends the short message to the SMSC using the forwardShortMessage operation. The SMSC delivers the short message to the SME (and optionally receives acknowledgment). The SMSC acknowledges to the MSC the successful outcome of the forwardShortMessage operation. The MSC returns to the MS the outcome of the MO-SM operation.
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The MS transfers the SM to the MSC. The MSC interrogates the home SMSC to verify that the message transfer does not violate the supplementary services invoked or the restrictions imposed. The MSC sends the short message to the home SMSC using the SMSPP Invoke operation The SMSC delivers an acknowledgment to the MSC. The MSC returns order release to the MS. The SMSC queries the HLR for the location of the destination MS. The HLR returns the destination (MSC) serving the destination MS. The SMSC delivers SM to the MSC serving the destination MS. The SMSC delivers the short message to the MS. The MS acknowledges to the MSC the successful outcome of the SMSDPP operation. The MSC returns to the SMSC the outcome of the MOSM operation (delivery successful).
Glossary
ATM asynchronous transfer mode BS base station BSC base station controller BTS base transceiver station CDMA code division multiple access CMT cellular messaging teleservice CPT cellular paging teleservice ERMES European Radio Messaging System ESME external short message entities ETSI European Telecommunications Standards Institute GSM Global System for Mobile Communications HLR home location register IN intelligent network IP Internet protocol LAN local-area network MAP mobile application part MO mobile originated MOSM mobile-originated short message MSC mobile switching center
MT mobile terminated MTSM mobile-terminated short message PDA personal digital assistant POS point of sale PP point to point SIM subscriber identity module SM short message SMD short message delivery SMDPP short message deliverypoint to point SME short messaging entity SMS short message service SMSC short message service center SS7 signaling system 7 STP signal transfer point TCAP transactional capabilities application part TDMA time division multiple access VLR visitor location register VMN voice-mail notification VMS voice-mail system WAN wide-area network WAP wireless application protocol
FAQs (1)
1. What is it? The Short Message Service (SMS) allows people to send and receive short ( up to 160 characters ) written messages using their GSM telephones. 2. How does it work? Every GSM network has a Message Centre, which is responsible for the managment of the messages. When someone sends an message to another user, this goes to the Message Centre, which finds where the other user is. It adds to the message the date, time and number of the sender and sends it to receiptient. If his telephone is deactivated, then the message is stored and will be send as soon as the receiptient connects to the network. 3. What is SMS-MT, SMS-MO and SMS-CB ? When a telephone supports SMS-MT means that it can receive short messges. When a telephone supports SMS-MO means that it can send short messges. When a telephone supports SMS-CB means that it can receive short messges send by the network (Cell Broadcasting).
FAQs (2)
4. Do all telephones support SMS ? All telephones are capable of receiving short messages (SMS-MT). However, many of the older telephones do not support message sending (SMS-MO). All the new ones, (according to Phase II ) support receiving-sending of messages. 5. What should be done in order to be able of receiving short messages ? Nothing. You do not need to configure anything on your phone. As soon as you receive a message, you will be aple to read it on the sceen of your telephone. 6. What should be done in order to be able of sending short messages ? Before you send a message for the first time, you have to enter into the telephone, the number of the SMS centre of your network. This number is entered once, and saved so that you don't have to write it ever time you want to send a message. If you don't know this number then you should contact your network. 7. How do you send a message ? From the menus of your telephone, select "write message". Then type in, using the keypad of your telephone, the message (which should be maximum 160 characters). Then you will be asked the number of the receiptient. Enter it and press send.
FAQs (3)
8. How much does this service cost? Most networks allow you to use this service without having to make a special subscription. You only pay for the messages you send. However, some networks will charge you even if you receive a message. 9.Why use this service ? Using SMS you can send important information and numbers to someone else (ex. bank account numbers, telephone numbers etc) with secure. He will have them saved into his phone and will be able to read them as many times as he wants. Even more, many companies can send you your e-mail to your mobile phone, or even give you information you have requested via SMS. 10. Anything else ? You can use the short message service while you are talking on your mobile phone. This means, while you talk you are able to receive and send messages.