The Development of Iodine Anti-Microbial Textile (Always effective type)

ByDr. Lin, Chun Hung chLin.0697@ttri.org.tw

The information contained herein is the exclusive property of TTRI and shall not be distributed, reproduced, or disclosed in whole or in part without prior written permission of TTRI.

Introduction

Introduction
In our real life, all kinds of bacteria, germ and fungus are around ourselves. These microbial will grow rapidly if the suitable environment were given to them, which would cause a lot of diseases happened when contact them. And will spread or transmit to other people easily. That is how a lot of people have the illness happened and get killed. That is the reason why Antimicrobial textiles were invented and had been paid a highly attention to its development by most of the people in the world. It can be foreseen obviously that antimicrobial textile will have a lot of demand in the market and create a lot of profits and commercial opportunity under the increasing of the attention of personal health, daily hygiene and expect of the quality of living life style by the consumer. By ITIS reports, Japan has the largest antimicrobial textile market in the world, which is larger than US and European markets . In Canada it has about 350 millions Canadian Dollars of antimicrobial textile market. It is recognized that will have 10% growth rate of the world antimicrobial textile market within 8 years period. It is the trend of the

future textile market.

The information contained herein is the exclusive property of TTRI and shall not be distributed, reproduced, or disclosed in whole or in part without prior written permission of TTRI.

Market report of consumer requirement of antimicrobial products Product %

Socks
Underwear Panties Handkerchief Towel

28.0
13.3 6.0 5.6 5.3

Shoe
Slipper Telephone

4.9
3.4 2.5

OthersBathrooms products, cooking ware, cutting board, wallet, water piping, wet towels/paper towel of restaurant, remote controller etc. People surveyedTotal 1600 of adult men, women from age 20yrs to 50 yrs. Fromwww.antibacteria.com.tw

The information contained herein is the exclusive property of TTRI and shall not be distributed, reproduced, or disclosed in whole or in part without prior written permission of TTRI.

 Domestic and foreign market of Antimicrobial Textiles

The antimicrobial products/technologies of domestic and international market

Company Far Eastern Domestic Shin Kung Chung Shin Teijin Tree in one Anti-microbial/odor yarn Chemitac (silver antimicrobial agent (PET) Gohesen Livefresh Seberis-M Bioactive Tyvek Biofresh Silver, anti-microbial agent (PET) Silver ion, anti-microbial agent (PET) Chemitac, Silver anti microbial agent (PET) Silver ion anti-microbial agent (Nylon) Zeolite/quatemary ammonium salt (Nylon) Silver ion, anti-microbial agent (PET) Anti-microbial agent (PE) Triclosan (Acrylic) 99.9 of bacteriostasis tested by national certify test Tested by TTRI Certified by SEK, it inhibits the growth of MRSA After 50 washes, still has its antimicrobial function -- SEK certified Control the growing of MRSA Oeko-Tex certified Multi-liquid VS Anti-bacterial function tested by DuPont Inc. Micro fiber, soft, registered in US Environmental Protection Agency Product Anti-microbial/anti odor yarn Anti-microbial agent Silver, anti-microbial agent (PET) Remarks More than 95 bacteriostasis tested by TTRI

Japan

Kanebo Toray Trevira

US & EURO

Du Pont Sterling

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 Silver Antimicrobial Agent faces the challenge

The information contained herein is the exclusive property of TTRI and shall not be distributed, reproduced, or disclosed in whole or in part without prior written permission of TTRI.

The Restriction of the Silver Antimicrobial Textile

The complain of silver ion textiles from the consumer:

Easy pilling and color fading

The information contained herein is the exclusive property of TTRI and shall not be distributed, reproduced, or disclosed in whole or in part without prior written permission of TTRI.

The Restriction of the Silver Antimicrobial Textile

When washing this products by using clean water with the temperature under 30 degree C Dry cleaning, bleaching, color e n h a n c i n g , softener and antim i c r o b i a l detergent are not a l l o w e d

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The Characteristics of Antimicrobial Agents

Organic Anti-microbial material Inorganic Antimicrobial material Natural material Photocatalyst material

Anti-microbial agent
Distribution of pathogens

Iodine

TBZ

Silver, copper, lead

Fungi 3 Bacterial 6 Algae 0 Yeast 1 2000~3000 ppm Sterilizing Color changed

Wasabi, Chinese cypress extracted oil

Unknown

TiO2

Fungi 223 Bacterial 147 Algae 27

Fungi 32 Bacterial 0 Algae 0

Unknown

MIC value Anti-microbial mechanism Problems

1~25 ppm Non-outflow (Forever Type)

1~50 ppm Outflow

Poor heat resistance, Intend to turn to yellow color

Unknown Unknown

Sterilizing Light required

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How does the Iodine Antimicrobial Agent Work?

Cell nucleus Pallium Destroys only the pallium

Lipid double membrane

Bacteria nucleus in Suspended animation

Iodine anti-microbial agent

After sending danger signals to the others (Evasion signal Transmission), they are eventually destroyed by losing the nutrients.
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The information contained herein is the exclusive property of TTRI and shall not be distributed, reproduced, or disclosed in whole or in part without prior written permission of TTRI.

Iodine Antimicrobial Mechanism It destroys only the pallium of bacteria or fungus, which will be interrupted the proteinase, DNA, thiol group synthetized and stop their reproduction mechanism. The interrupted synthetized bacteria will release its proteinase from the destroyed pallium, which means sending the chemical signal (in dangerous) to other bacteria. That will prevent other bacterial to approach those material which has iodine contain. Then, the bacterial will not be able to survive without required reproduction nutrition.

The information contained herein is the exclusive property of TTRI and shall not be distributed, reproduced, or disclosed in whole or in part without prior written permission of TTRI.

The Safety of Iodine Antimicrobial Agent

The information contained herein is the exclusive property of TTRI and shall not be distributed, reproduced, or disclosed in whole or in part without prior written permission of TTRI.

The Antimicrobial activity Test of the Antimicrobial Finishing Textile

Polyester Binder 6% + APDS 0.5% 160x2MIN

Before washing No inhibition ring shown. And, no bacterial grown on the sample. After 20 washing cycles: No inhibition ring shown. And, no bacterial grown on the sample.

Free anti-microbial agent sample test: Yellow bacteria track will be appeared when no agent applied.

The information contained herein is the exclusive property of TTRI and shall not be distributed, reproduced, or disclosed in whole or in part without prior written permission of TTRI.

The Antimicrobial Activity and Efficacy Test of the Finishing PET Fabric Test method JIS L1902:2008 Bacterial fluid absorption method
Concentration of bacteria

Result
JIS white cotton fabric
2.1 E5 4.0 E4

PET fabric (Before washing)

2.1 E5 --

PET fabric (After 20 washing)

2.1E5 --

Staphylococcus Aureus (MRSA) ATCC 6538P

Ma

Mb
Mo Mc Growth rate Bacteriostasis activity value

9.1 E6
--2.5 --

-3.9 E4 3.6 E4 -2.4

-3.4 E4 8.4 E4 -3.0

Sterilizing activity value

--

0.0

0.7

Bacteriostasis activity value >2.2 means the tested sample has bacteriostasis effect. Sterilizing value >0 means the tested sample has sterilizing effect. Tested sample: 6% Binder + 0.5% APDS (Antimicrobial agent)

The information contained herein is the exclusive property of TTRI and shall not be distributed, reproduced, or disclosed in whole or in part without prior written permission of TTRI.

The MRSA Antimicrobial Test of the Finishing fabric

Test method JIS L1902:2008 Bacterial fluid absorption method Concentration Ma Mb Mo Mc Growth rate Bacteriostasis activity value Sterilizing activity value
Result JIS White cotton fabric PET fabric (After 50 washes)

Staphylococcus Aureus (MRSA) ATCC 6538P

1.4E5 2.7 E4 9.7E6 --2.6 ---

1.4E5 --2.1 E4 3.9 E3 -3.5 1.0

Bacteriostasis activity value >2.2 means the tested sample has bacteriostasis effect. Sterilizing value >0 means the tested sample has sterilizing effect. Tested sample: 6% Binder + 0.2% APDS (Antimicrobial agent)

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Trichophyton mentagrophytes test after finishing treatment

Result Method Socks (After 20 washes) CNS 2690 L3063-2008 Dry environment

Item tested

Socks (Before wash)

Fungus resistance

Trichophyton mentagrophytes AATCC 9533

Grade A Grade A

Note : Grading of fungus resistance Grade A: The growth area of fungus on tested sample <1/10 of sample area Grade B: The growth area of fungus on tested sample between1 /10~1/3 of sample area Grade C: The growth area of fungus on tested sample >1 /3 of sample area

The information contained herein is the exclusive property of TTRI and shall not be distributed, reproduced, or disclosed in whole or in part without prior written permission of TTRI.

Trichophyton mentagrophytes test after finishing treatment

Result Method CNS 2690 L3063-2008 Dry environment

Item tested

0.2% Iodine antimicrobial Finished PET fabric(After 50 washes)

0.3% Iodine antimicrobial Finished PET fabric(After 50 washes

Fungus resistance

Trichophyton mentagrophytes AATCC 9533

Grade A

Grade A

Note : Grading of fungus resistance Grade A: The growth area of fungus on tested sample <1/10 of sample area Grade B: The growth area of fungus on tested sample between1 /10~1/3 of sample area Grade C: The growth area of fungus on tested sample >1 /3 of sample area

The information contained herein is the exclusive property of TTRI and shall not be distributed, reproduced, or disclosed in whole or in part without prior written permission of TTRI.

Processing of development
Processing of the R &D of Anti-microbial fiber

Evaluation of the anti-microbial agent

Technology of the anti-microbial master batch

Long term effect of anti-microbial fiber spinning technology

Long term effect of anti-microbial fiber testing technology

The information contained herein is the exclusive property of TTRI and shall not be distributed, reproduced, or disclosed in whole or in part without prior written permission of TTRI.

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Antimicrobial Nylon

Master batch antimicrobial agent concentration (%)

Anti microbial agent concentr ation in the fiber (%) 0.2

Staphylococcus Aureus (MRSA) Before dyeing Antimicrobial value 5.6 Sterilizing activity value 3.2 After dyeing Antimicrobial value 5.4 Sterilizing value 3.2

Trichophyton mentagrophytes

Grade 0

Anti-microbial value >2.0It means the sample has antimicrobial effect (JIS L1902:2008) Sterilizing activity value >0.0means the sample has sterilizing activity effect (JIS L1902:2008) Trichophyton mentagrophytes tested grade0No growthGrade 1lightly growth (<10%)Grade 2Minor growth (<10~30%)Grade 3medium growth (30~60%)Grade 4Growth heavily (>60%)(ASTM G21-2009)

SDY Homo, Round shape fiber Antimicrobial Nylon fiber

Denier/ filament 80/48

Tenacity (gf/d) 4.8

Elongation % 39.8

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The information contained herein is the exclusive property of TTRI and shall not be distributed, reproduced, or disclosed in whole or in part without prior written permission of TTRI.

Antimicrobial PET

Master batch antimicrobial agent concentration (%)

Anti microbial agent concentration in the fiber (%)

Staphylococcus Aureus (MRSA)

Before dyeing The sterilization rate % 98.4

After dyeing The sterilization rate % <0

Trichophyton mentagrophytes

Grade 0

0.3~0.5

When sterilization rate %>0It means it has antimicrobial function (AATCC 100-2004)

Antimicrobial

POY Homo round shape Denier/ filament Tenacity (gf/d) Elongation %

POY Sheath/core structure Denier/ filament Tenacity (gf/d) Elongation %

DTY Sheath /core structure Denier/ filament Tenacity (gf/d) Elongation %

PET
fibers

120/48

2.4

110

120/48

2.4

115

75/48

4.1

26.1
19

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Advantage and its Application Advantage

1. With 0.2~0.5 wt% concentration in the fiber will have the antimicrobial effect. 2. By adding the agent during the Solution dye will have the same effect. 3. After 50 washes still keep the antimicrobial function. It has a long term effect.

Application
Intimate wears (Underwear, pantyhose etc.)
Home textile Sport wears Medical, hygiene garment

The information contained herein is the exclusive property of TTRI and shall not be distributed, reproduced, or disclosed in whole or in part without prior written permission of TTRI.

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The MRSA Test of the Iodine Antimicrobial Nylon fiber

Test result

Test method JIS L1902:2008 Bacterial fluid absorption method

Concentration
Ma

JIS White cotton fabric

0.2% Iodine antimicrobial agent added Nylon fiber (refining)

1.5 E5
--2.4 E4 <20 -5.6 3.2

0.2% Iodine antimicrobial agent added Nylon fiber (refining and dyeing)
1.5 E5
--1.8 E4 <20 -5.4 3.2

1.5 E5
3.0 E4 9.4 E6 --2.5 ---

Staphylococcus Aureus (MRSA) ATCC 6538P

Mb Mo Mc Growth rate Bacteriostasis activity value Sterilizing activity value

When Bacteriostasis activity value >2.2 means it has bacteriostasis effect, Sterilizing value >0 means it has sterilizing effect

The information contained herein is the exclusive property of TTRI and shall not be distributed, reproduced, or disclosed in whole or in part without prior written permission of TTRI.

The Antimicrobial Test of Mixed Antimicrobial/Regular Nylon Fibers

Test method JIS L1902:2008 Bacterial fluid absorption method Concentration Ma Staphylococcus Aureus (MRSA) ATCC P Mb Mo Mc Growth rate

Test Result
JIS White cotton fabric 1.5 E5 2.9 E4 8.0 E6 --2.4 Regular Nylon fiber 25% Antimicrobia l Nylon fiber 1.5 E5 --2.5 E4 1.9 E5 -50% Antimicrobial Nylon fiber 1.5 E5 --2.5 E4 4.0 E4 -75% Antimicrobi al Nylon fiber 1.5 E5 --2.9 E4 4.3 E3 -100% Antimicrobial Nylon fiber 1.5 E5 --2.7 E4 1.2 E3 --

1.5 E5 --2.6E4 2.6E6 --

65 38

Bacteriostasis activity value

Sterilizing activity value

--

0.4

1.6

2.2

3.3

3.8

--

<0

<0

<0

0.9

1.4

Bacteriostasis value >2.0 shows the tested sample has antimicrobial and anti odor effect Sterilizing activity value >0 shows the tested sample has sterilizing effect.

The information contained herein is the exclusive property of TTRI and shall not be distributed, reproduced, or disclosed in whole or in part without prior written permission of TTRI.

The result of the polyester and nylon fibers Trichophyton mentagrophytes test

Test Result

Test Method ASTM G212009

Item tested

Contain 0.5% Iodine antimicrobial PET fiber

Contain 0.2% Iodine antimicrobial agent Nylon fiber

Anti-fungus

Trichophyton mentagrophytes AATCC 9533

Grade 0

Grade 0

PS: The definition of the Anti-fungus degree evaluation: Observation of the growth of fungus on the tested sample Grade Non-growth 0 minor growth (<10%) 1 lightly growth (10~30%) 2 medium growth (30~60%) 3 Heavily growth (>60%) 4 Note: This is the result observed after 28 days culture period.

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Problems caused by MRSA

154 2011

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MRSA Test of Iodine Antimicrobial contained Nylon fiber

Test method JIS Z2801:2010

Staphylococcus Aureus (MRSA)

Initial count Untreated sample 0.2% Iodine antimicrobial added Nylon fiber sample1 0.2% Iodine antimicrobial added Nylon fiber sample2

Result Bacterial Antimicrobia count l activity (24hrs.) value 1.6 E6 -2.1 E6 -2.4 E2 3.95

2.6 E2

3.78

Required standard: Antimicrobial activity value should larger than2.0

The information contained herein is the exclusive property of TTRI and shall not be distributed, reproduced, or disclosed in whole or in part without prior written permission of TTRI.

The Antimicrobial Test of Washed & Bleached PET fabric

Test Result
Test method JIS L1902:2008 Bacterial fluid absorption method Concentration of Bacteriopexia JIS white cotton fabric 1.7 E5 3.2 E4 6.9 E6 --2.3 --1.4 E5 3.0 E4 2.5 E7 --2.9 --PET fabric PET fabric after bleaching (20% X 2hr) 1.18 E5 --3.5 E+4 2.0 E+4 -2.6 0.2 1.4 E5 --2.8 E+4 1.7 E+3 -4.1 1.2

1.7 E5 --3.5 E+4 1.9 E+4 -2.6 0.2 1.4 E5 --2.7 E+4 1.7 E+3 -4.2 1.3

Staphylococcus Aureus (MRSA) ATCC 6538P

Ma Mb Mo Mc Growth rate Bacteriostasis activity value Sterilizing value Concentration of Bacteriopexia

Klebsiella pneumoniae ATCC 4352

Ma Mb Mo Mc Growth rate Bacteriostasis activity value Sterilizing value

When Bacteriostasis activity value >2.2 means it has bacteriostasis effect, Sterilizing value >0means it has sterilizing effect.
The information contained herein is the exclusive property of TTRI and shall not be distributed, reproduced, or disclosed in whole or in part without prior written permission of TTRI.

The Antimicrobial Test of Washed & Bleached Nylon fabric

Result Test method JIS L1902:2008 Bacterial fluid absorption method JIS white cotton fabric
Contain Contain Iodine Iodine antimicrobial antimicrobial Nylon knitting Nylon fabric after knitting washing and fabric bleaching (20g/l)
1.5 E5 --2.7 E4 1.2 E3 -3.8 1.4 1.3 E5 --2.4 E4 1.8 E2 -5.0 2.6

Staphylococcus Aureus (MRSA) ATCC 6538P

Concentration of bacteria Ma Mb Mo Mc Growth rate Bacteriostasis activity value Sterilizing activity value

1.3 E5 2.6 E4 7.0 E6 --2.4 ---

When Bacteriostasis activity value >2.2 means it has bacteriostasis effect, Sterilizing value >0means it has sterilizing effect.

The information contained herein is the exclusive property of TTRI and shall not be distributed, reproduced, or disclosed in whole or in part without prior written permission of TTRI.