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A. The Skin
Loosely attached anteriorly. Posteriorly, the skin is very thick and adherent to the underlying structures with numerous sebaceous glands. Well supplied with blood vessels, and has transverse lines.
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B. SUPERFICIAL FASCIA
Lies immediately next to the skin; Consists of fats and connective tissue;
Contains cutaneous nerves, superficial veins, superficial lymph nodes and platysma.
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- it is attached posteriorly to the ligamentum nuchae, forming a roof over the anterior and posterior triangles of the neck.
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Inferior - acromion process and spine of the scapula, clavicle and manubrium sterni.
Anterior - it meets the corresponding opposite side at the midline
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1. Carotid Sheath
- a condensation of the deep cervical fascia which encloses the following structures: a. b. c. d. Common and internal carotid artery, Internal jugular vein Vagus nerve Deep cervical lymph nodes
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2. Visceral Fascia
- encloses the pharynx and esophagus, larynx and trachea
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Loose areolar tissue, and connective tissue fills the spaces between the various layers of the deep cervical fascia. There are two important fascial spaces to consider:
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Retropharyngeal Space
- a potential space between the visceral unit anteriorly and the vertebral unit posteriorly. - It extends from the base of the skull down to the superior mediastinum.
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Alar Space
- a subdivision of the retropharyngeal space created by the alar fascia. It extends from the base of the skull above to the superior mediastinum below, and has been dubbed by some as danger space.
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Clinical Significance
Since these fascial spaces are filled with loose connective tissue, it readily breaks down when invaded by infection, blood, air or tumor, making possible to spread the from one region to the next.
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