P&ID sheets of a process plant

Basic theory and Utilization of P&ID data

P&ID preliminaries
Piping and instrumentation digrams is designers road map which shows all the equipment,pumps,valves,instrumentation,and other piping items in sequence for proper system function. The primary element of a piping design is the piping and instrumentation diagram (P&ID).

Both the process engineer and the instrument and controls engineer provide design information
P&ID shows all of piping including the physical sequence of branches, reducers, valves, equipment, instrumentation, etc. The P&IDs are used to operate the process system.

A P&ID should include

Instrumentation and designations Mechanical equipment with names and numbers All valves and their identifications Process piping, sizes and identification Miscellaneous - vents, drains, special fittings, sampling lines, reducers, increasers and swagers Permanent start-up and flush lines Flow directions Interconnections references

A P&ID should include (continued).

Control inputs and outputs, interlocks Interfaces for class changes Seismic category Quality level Computer control system input Vendor and contractor interfaces Identification of components and subsystems delivered by others

An example of a Process Flow Diagram (PFD)

P&ID for this PFD

P&ID should not include : Instrument root valves control relays manual switches equipment rating or capacity primary instrument tubing and valves pressure temperature and flow data elbow, tees and similar standard fittings extensive explanatory notes

P&ID Guidelines
The P&ID should utilize industry recognized symbols and abbreviations. A schedule should be presented on the P&ID or other referenced drawing, identifying all symbols, abbreviations and instrumentation function identifiers. System directional flow arrows should be utilized on the P&ID. Design flow quantities and temperature and pressure set points are to be presented on the P&ID or corresponding schedule. P&ID components are to be labeled with unique tags or identifiers. Piping system lines are to be labeled at regular intervals to better facilitate the following of the lines on the drawing. Where P&ID lines extend to subsequent drawings.

P&ID Guidelines (Continued)

The P&ID may be used to present line sizes and type information, insulating requirements, heat tracing requirements, etc. where scale or complexity prohibit such presentation on the plans. The HVAC P&ID is intended to depict the Facilities Services systems including the distribution and generation of all HVAC water and steam systems. All heat addition and rejection components are to be incorporated into the P&ID as well as heat exchanger components. Terminal devices or multiple air handling equipment heat exchangers are appropriately presented in typical form to communicate expectations for repetitive component types. Instrument identifiers are intended to be cross referenced to the Sequence of operation descriptions presented on the drawings or the specifications.

P&ID data is used for -

Design of plot plan and plant layout. For counting bill of materials. For piping specifications For pipe connecter and piperack specifications For detail piping layout. For pipe stress analysis. Material take-off (MTO) and bill of quantity (BOQ). Checking of isometrics and piping layouts. Checking regulation rules and practices.

What is Material Take Off (MTO)? What is Bill of Material (BOM)? What is Bill of Quantity (BOQ)?

1. Material takeoff ( MTO): A Material Take off (MTO) is the process of analyzing the drawings and determining all the materials required to accomplish the design. We then use the material takeoff to create a Bill of Materials. Inspection does not aid in creating a Bill of Material. Procurement and requisition are activities that occur after the Bill of Materials is complete.

 MTO= Material Take Off This can be a noun and a verb. The MTO is the finished product of a work activity (i.e.: Let me see the Material Take Off). In this case the "MTO" is a rather thick stack of computer printouts that reflect all of the (piping) material requirements for the Area, Unit or total job depending on how the "MTO" was executed. MTO is also the activity itself (i.e.: Okay lets start the Material Take Off). In this case the "MTO" is the action of doing a mass download of all the material from the computer models design data base.

2. Bill of Materials (BOM): A Bill of Material (B.O.M.) is a hierarchical list of materials (components, subassemblies, ingredients.) required to produce an item, showing the quantity of each required item. Other information such as scrap factors may also be included in the BOM for use in materials planning and costing. An engineering BOM represents the assembly structure implied by the parts lists on drawings and drawing tree structure. A manufacturing BOM represents the assembly build-up the way a product is manufactured.

 Bill of material reflecting the product as designed by engineering, referred to as the as-designed" bill of material. BOM= Bill of Material This is a noun. A Bill of Material is (normally) the listing of material required for one pipe line or segment thereof, such as an Isometric. Each Isometric should have a BOM attached.

3. Bill of Quantities ( BOQ): Bill of quantities is used as a form of cost planning and mapping to monitor and control the construction cost during the execution or post-contract period of construction. These documents originated historically as non-contractual measurements, taken off drawings to assist tenderers in quoting lump sum prices.

 Bills of quantities are drawn up and specified by a cost professional called a quantity surveyor and prepared in advance to take into account the works required for a project, and then later used as a tender document to acquire bidding from the contractors who would be interested in winning the job. There are different styles of bills of quantities, mainly the Elemental BOQ and Trade Bills. BOQ= Bill of Quantities This would be a noun. I have never used this term. Where I worked we used the term "Material Summaries." These documents were the result of taking all the material collected in the "MTO" and after sorting it by type, material, size, etc. it is printed out in a form that would be forwarded to the purchasing department for the actual purchase.

 Bill of Material (BOM) Mainly Contains:-

SR No

Tag No

Descriptio n

Size Quantity

 Tag No is given to the Mainly to the : Pipes Valves All types of fittings Gasket material used Type of bolt and nut used All types of valves

 Description Mainly Contains: Standard used (i.e. ASME ,BIS,DIN etc) Material of Construction (MOC) Schedule No Grade of Material Pressure-temperature Rating Class Quantity: Quantity gives the number of items .

Example : Prepare the bill of Material for following isometric Drawing ?