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Exam Review
In today’s lecture…
Signing-up for final exam time
How your final exam will be marked
conversation
Fluency
Stressing Words
Sometimes it's not what we say,
but HOW we say it
Volume
Spee
dBody Language
Intonation
Proper Pronunciation
Some Helpful Tips for Your Exam
UP ENDING
Excitement, most questions, surprise
DOWN ENDING
fact, statement
The Rise and Fall of
Intonation
When we speak, our intonation is ALWAYS going up and
done, but when we ask questions, when does it go up and
down???
• Oh my gosh! • Oh?
• I am from South Korea. • Oh.
• Do you like watching • Oh...
movies?
• Oh!
• My name is Matthew.
• That's too bad.
Surprise Mail
A: Look what we got in the mail today.
B: What is it? An invitation?
A: A wedding invitation, from Adam!
B: What?! I can’t imagine Adam with a wife! How
old is he, fifty?
A: Fifty-two and he’s lived alone since he was
seventeen.
B: Oh my gosh!!! I thought he would never get
married.
A: I know, I know… I think everyone’s so really
shocked.
B: Well, do you know anything about the girl he’s
marrying, his fiancée?
A: She’s a thirty year old model; you didn’t know?
Stressing Words
When we stress words,
this can change the meaning of the sentence.
Vowel: a, e, i, o, u
Consonant: the others letters of the alphabet (b, c, d..)
How many syllables do you
hear?
friendship
sister
home
participation
tongue
twister
syllable
practice
English
Syllable Stress
In English, one syllable in each word is stressed
more than the other syllable..
Unstressed syllables
vs. stressed syllables
Stressed syllable:
longer, louder, higher intonation
Stress Rules
Rule #1: 2 syllable
words Rule #2: prefixes &
suffixes
They are usually not stressed.
Noun = stress 1st syllable
(person/place/thing) Example:
Prefix = un~, im~
Verb = stress 2nd syllable Suffix= ~ed, ~ing
(action word)
walking
present present talked
Object object unhappy
Record record
A Stressed Race
A: He won’t win.
B: Who won’t? Sometimes we use stress when we
A: He won’t. want to correct wrong information or
B: He will win. to contrast what someone else said.
A: He won’t win.
B: He will! Example:
A: He won’t! You’re wrong. -> You’re wrong.
B: I hope he wins.
A: I hope he loses.
B: He won’t lose.
A: He will lose.
B: You’re wrong.
A: You’re wrong.
B: He’s won!
A: Who’s won?
B: He’s won!
A: He did?!
Numbers Ending in –teen and -ty
13 Thirteen 30 thirty
14 Fourteen 40 forty
15 Fifteen 50 fifty
16 Sixteen 60 sixty
17 Seventeen 70 seventy
18 Eighteen 80 eighty
25 Nineteen 90 ninety
fourteen forty
Changing Mean with Using
Stress
I said she might consider a new a. Not just a haircut.
haircut. b. It's a possibility.
I said she might consider a new c. It was my idea.
haircut.
d. Not something else.
I said she might consider a new
haircut. e. Don't you understand me?
I said she might consider a new f. Not another person.
haircut. g. She should think about it.
I said she might consider a new it's a good idea.
haircut.
I said she might consider a new
haircut.
I said she might consider a new
Where to Stress?!
Example:
I am so hungry. I am SO hungry.
Stress CONTENT words
1. Nouns
= person/ place/ thing
2. Adjectives
= words that describe nouns
3. Principal Verbs (most)
= action words
4. Adverbs
= words that describe verbs
(they usually end in “ly”)
Here’s the Stress
1. Determiners
= the, a, some, a few
2. Auxiliary Verbs (SOMETIMES
STRESSED!)
= don't, am, can, were
3. Prepositions
= before, next to, opposite
4. Conjunctions
= but, while, as
5. Pronouns
= they, she, us
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