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= =
=
=
T
i
n
i
i
T
n
i
i i
A
a
x
A
a x
x
1
1
(
= =
=
=
T
i
n
i
i
T
n
i
i i
A
a
y
A
a y
y
1
1
a m, V, W, F
y1 y2
y3
x1
x2
x3
x
y
x
y
1
a
2
a
3
a
n
i
i
a a a
a
x
+ + + =
2 1 T
i
A
area al differenti :
center area al differenti to axis - y from distance : y
center area al differenti to axis - x from distance :
2.6 Centroid : Centroid of Area
3ft
8ft
5ft
2 2
3
2
4
7
axis - y from 125 . 5
16
82
8 5 3
7 8 4 5 2 3
2
3
2 2 2
2 2 2
1
1
f t
f t
f t
f t f t f t
f t f t f t f t f t f t
A
a
x
A
a x
x
T
i
n
i
i
T
n
i
i i
=
=
+ +
+ +
=
(
= =
=
=
.....
3
1
3
1
=
(
= =
=
=
T
i
i
i
T
i
i i
A
a
y
A
a y
y
x
y
x
y
2.6 Centroid : Centroid of Area
x
x
y b
h
dx
x
A
T
Also moment created by total area A
T
will produce a moment w.r.t y axis and can
be written below. (recall Moment=forcemoment arm)
x
1
x A M
T
=
Since the moment created by differential area dA is , total moment
which is called 1
st
Moment of Area is calculated by integrating the whole area as,
}
= xdA M
xdA dM =
The two moments are identical so that centroid of the geometry is
T
A
xdA
x
}
=
This eq. will be used to determine LCF in this Chapter.
b x
hb
hbx hb
A
hdx x
A
xdA
x
T
b x
x
T
2
1
2
1
1
1
2
1
1
+ =
+
=
= =
}
}
+
Proof
See the proof above..
2.7 Center of Floatation & Center of Buoyancy
LCF: centroid of water plane from the amidships
TCF : centroid of water plane from the centerline
Amidships
LCF
TCF
In this case of ship,
- LCF is at aft of amidship.
- TCF is on the centerline.
centerline
- Centroid of water plane (LCF varies depending on draft.)
- Pivot point for list and trim of floating ship
Center of Floatation
2.7 Center of Floatation & Center of Buoyancy
LCB: Longitudinal center of buoyancy from amidships
KB : Vertical center of buoyancy from the Keel
TCB : Transverse center of buoyancy from the centerline
Center
line
Base line
TCB
LCB
KB
Center of Buoyancy
- Centroid of displaced water volume
- Buoyant force act through this centroid.
Center of Buoyancy : B
2 2
1
1
2
- Buoyancy force (Weight of Barge)
- LCB : at midship
- TCB : on centerline
- KB : T/2
- Reserve Buoyancy Force
WL
Example
1
1
1 1
T/2
C
L
centerline
B
B
WL