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TRACTOR USES
Tractors have manyheir uses as construction
equipment. While their primary purpose m ay be to pull or push loads, they are also used as mounts for many types of accessories, such as front-end shovels, rippers, bulldozer blades, side booms, hoes, trenches, etc.
Types of Tractors
Tractors maybe divided into two major types:
CRAWLER TRACTORS
Crawler tractors are usually rated by size or weight and power. The weight is important on many projects because the maximum tractive force that a unit can provide is limited to the productof the weight times the coefficient of traction for the unit.
WHEEL TRACTORS
heavy equipment used for earthmoving. A scraper is a large piece of equipment used in the mines.The rear part has a vertically moveable hopper (also known as the bowl) with a sharp horizontal front edge. The hopper can be hydraulically lowered and raised. When the hopper is lowered, the front edge cuts into the soil or clay like a plane and fills the hopper. When the hopper is full (8 to 34 m3 or 10 to 44 cu yd heaped, depending on type) it is raised, and closed with a vertical blade (known as the apron). The scraper can transport its load to the fill area where the blade is raised, the back panel of the hopper, or the ejector, is hydraulically pushed forward and the load tumbles out. Then the empty scraper returns to the cut site and repeats the cycle.
Gradability
It is defined as the maximum slope,
expressed as a percent, up which a crawler or wheel-type prime mover may move at a uniform speed. The gradability may be determined for an empty or loaded vehicle.
BULLDOZERS
General information
A bulldozer is a crawler (continuous tracked tractor)
equipped with a substantial metal plate (known as a blade) used to push large quantities of soil, sand, rubble, or other such material during construction or conversion work and typically equipped at the rear with a claw-like device (known as a ripper) to loosen densely-compacted materials. Bulldozers can be found on a wide range of sites, mines and quarries, military bases, heavy industry factories, engineering projects and farms. The term "bulldozer" is often used erroneously to mean any heavy equipment (sometimes a loader and sometimes an excavator), but precisely, the term refers only to a tractor (usually tracked) fitted with a dozer blade.
rocky terrain Moving earth for a haul distances up to approximately 300ft Helping load tractor-pulled scraper Spreading earthfill Backfilling trenches Clearing construction sites of debris Maintaining haul roads Clearing the floors to borrow and quarry pits
hydraulic-controlled bulldozers
Crawler-tractor-mounted Bulldozer
Wheel-tractor-mounted Bulldozer
CLEARING LAND
including roots Removing all vegetation above the surface of the ground only Disposing of vegetation by stocking and burning it Knocking all vegetation down the chopping or crushing it to or into the surface of the ground Killing or retarding the growth of brush by cutting the roots below the surface of the ground
drum-type wheels equipped with blades to chop the vegetation as the machine passes over it.
Land-clearing blade
Tractor-mounted V blade
Tractor-pulled chain
Tree-shredding machine
Ripping rock
The major developments that are responsible for the increase in ripping rock
1. More powerful tractors 2. Improvements in the sizes and performances of rippers 3. Better instruments for determining the rip ability of rocks 4. Improved techniques in using instruments and equipment
Ripper
The ripper is the long clawlike device on the back of the bulldozer. Rippers can come as a single (single shank/giant ripper) or in groups of two or more (multi shank rippers). Usually, a single shank is preferred for heavy ripping. The ripper shank is fitted with a replaceable tungsten ste el alloy tip.
Front-end-loaders
This are used extensively in construction work to handle and transport bulk material, such as earth and rock, to load trucks, to excavate earth, as bulldozers.
Front-end loader