BASE STATION SUBSYSTEM PARAMETERS

BSSPAR

BSS PARAMETERS
JJOlivarez

BSSPAR COURSE OUTLINE:

Introduction
Channel Configuration Idle Mode Operation Protocols Radio Resource Measurements Measurement Processing

Power control
Handover Process

BSS PARAMETERS
JJOlivarez

BSSPAR COURSE OUTLINE:

Introduction
Channel Configuration Idle Mode Operation Protocols Radio Resource Measurements Measurement Processing

Power control
Handover Process

BSS PARAMETERS
JJOlivarez

CHANNEL CONFIGURATION :
Contents : TDMA Frame

Time Slots Burst

Signaling Channels Logical Channels

BCCH/CCCH SDCCH/8, SDCCH/4, and CBCH

Traffic Channels Parameters

BSS PARAMETERS
JJOlivarez

CHANNEL CONFIGURATION :
Time Slots and Frames:
Hyperframe = 2048 Superframes

Superframe=26X51 or 51X26 Multiframes

24 25

49 50

26 Multiframe =120 ms

51 Multiframe =235 ms

0
TDMA frame = 4.615 ms

BSS PARAMETERS
JJOlivarez

CHANNEL CONFIGURATION :
Logical Channels, DOWNLINK
COMMON CHANNELS
FCCH SCH BCCH PCH AGCH

BCH CCCH

DEDICATED CHANNELS
SDCCH SACCH FACCH TCH TCH

DCCH TCH

BSS PARAMETERS
JJOlivarez

CHANNEL CONFIGURATION :
Logical Channels, UPLINK
COMMON CHANNELS

RACH

CCCH

DEDICATED CHANNELS
SDCCH SACCH FACCH TCH TCH

DCCH TCH

BSS PARAMETERS
JJOlivarez

CHANNEL CONFIGURATION :
Broadcast Channels:
FCCH ( Frequency Correction Channel ) : informs mobile of the BCCH carrier so that the mobile will be able to synchronize to that frequency Downlink only.

SCH ( Synchronization Channel ) :

Sends BSIC ( Base Station Identity code) and gives TDMA frame number to mobile. Downlink only.

BCCH ( Broadcast Control Channel ) :

sends information to the mobile like CGI ( Cell mobile Identity), LAI ( Location Area Identity ), BCCH carrier of the neighboring Cells, maximum power allowed in the Cell and other Broadcast messages like Cell Barring. Downlink only.

BSS PARAMETERS
JJOlivarez

CHANNEL CONFIGURATION :
Common Control Channels:
PCH ( Paging Channels ) : Used for paging the MS during an incoming call or an incoming Short Message. Downlink only. RACH ( Random Access Channel ) : Used as a response to a paging message during a terminating call or SMS; during Location updates; and when performing an originating call as a request for a signaling Channel. Uplink only. AGCH ( Access Grant Channel ) : Used to allocate SDCCH to the mobile station Downlink only

BSS PARAMETERS
JJOlivarez

CHANNEL CONFIGURATION :
Dedicated Control Channels:
SDCCH ( Stand Alone Dedicated Control Channel ) : Used during Location Updates and for sending and receiving Short Messages on Idle mobiles. Used during call Set-up procedure Uplink and downlink

SACCH ( Slow Associated Control Channel ) : used for sending information to the mobile such as LAI, CGI, BCCH of neighbors and TA ( Timing Advance ) Used for sending SMS to busy mobiles on downlink. Used for sending signal strength and Bit rate measurement of the serving cell and signal strength of the BCCH neighboring cells on uplink
FACCH ( Fast Associated Control Channel ) : Used during handover process. Uplink and downlink.

BSS PARAMETERS
JJOlivarez

CHANNEL CONFIGURATION :
Dedicated Control Channels:
CBCH ( Cell Broadcast Channel ) : Used to send Short Messages to all mobiles within a geographic area. Up to 93 characters can be sent through BCCH as compared to 160 characters on SMS messages. can be sent on idle mobiles only, as against SMS messages which can be transmitted either during idle mode, through SDCCH, or during dedicated mode, through SACCH. TCH ( Traffic Channel ) : Full Rate used for speech at 13 Kbps or data at 9.6 Kbps Half Rate used for speech at 6.5 Kbps or data at 4.8 Kbps Enhanced Full Rate used for speech at 13 Kbps or data at 9.6 Kbps but with an improved quality comparable to Fixed Line.

BSS PARAMETERS
JJOlivarez

CHANNEL CONFIGURATION :

200 KHz 4.615 ms .577 ms

FCCH SCH BCCH PCH RACH AGCH

SDCCH SACCH CBCH

TCH SACCH FACCH

TCH SACCH FACCH

TCH SACCH FACCH

TCH SACCH FACCH

TCH SACCH FACCH

TCH SACCH FACCH

BSS PARAMETERS
JJOlivarez

CHANNEL CONFIGURATION :
Configuration of Signaling Channels:
Combined Configuration 0 7

RTSL 0 = BCCH, SDCCH/4, PCH, AGCH

Separated Configuration 0 7

RTSL 1 = SDCCH/8 RTSL 0 = BCCH, PCH, AGCH

BSS PARAMETERS
JJOlivarez

CHANNEL CONFIGURATION :
Combined CCCH/SDCCH/4 Multiframe:
Downlink
51 TDMA Frame = 235 ms

f s b b b b c c c cf s c c c cc c c c f s t t t tt t t t f s t t t tt t t t f s s s s ss s s s i

Uplink
t t t t r r s s s ss s s s r rr r r r r r r r r rr r r r r r r r r rr t t t t t t t t rr t t t t

0
Channels:

50

f = FCCH b = BCCH r = RACH i = idle s = SCH/SACCH c = CCCH ( either PCH or AGCH )

BSS PARAMETERS
JJOlivarez

CHANNEL CONFIGURATION :
BCCH/CCCH Multiframe:
Downlink
51 TDMA Frame = 235 ms

f s b b b b c c c cf s c c c cc c c c f s c c c cc c c c f s c c c cc c c c f s c c c cc c c c i

Uplink
r r r r r r r r r rr r r r r rr r r r r r r r r rr r r r r r r r r rr r r r r r r r r rr r r r r

0
Channels:

50

f = FCCH s = SCH

b = BCCH r = RACH i = idle c = CCCH ( either PCH or AGCH )

BSS PARAMETERS
JJOlivarez

CHANNEL CONFIGURATION :
SDCCH/8 Multiframe:
Downlink
51 TDMA Frame = 235 ms

t t t t t t t t t tt t t t t tt t t t t t t t t tt t t t t t s s s ss s s s s s s s s ss s i i i

1
Uplink

s s s s s s s s s ss s i i i t t t t t t t t t tt t t t t tt t t t t t t t t tt t t t t t t t t t

0
Channels:

50

t = SDCCH

s = SACCH

i = idle

BSS PARAMETERS
JJOlivarez

CHANNEL CONFIGURATION :
Full Rate Traffic Channel ( TCH ) Multiframe:

Downlink and Uplink

26 TDMA Frame = 120 ms

tt t t t t t t t t t t t s t t t t t t t t t t t t i

Channels:

t = TCH

s = SACCH

i = idle

BSS PARAMETERS
JJOlivarez

CHANNEL CONFIGURATION :
Parameters Related to Signaling:
Parameters

Value
0 1 0 2 7 ( if BCCH/CCCH used ) 7 ( if CBCH used on SDCCH/8 ) 2 ( if combined BCCH/SDCCH used ) 9

numberOfBlocksForAccessGrant
noOfMultiframesBetweenPaging maxNumberOfRetransmission numberOfSlotsSpreadTrans newEstabCausesSupport

1,2,4,7 ( RACH Control ) 3 12,14,16,20,25,32,50 ( RACH control ) Y/N ( FACCH set-up allowed ) = in the BTS Y/N Y/N Y/N Y/N

pagingAnsOnFacch emerCallOnFacch ordinaryCallOnFacch restablishCallOnFacch

Set in the BSC

Configure FACCH into SDCCH for call set-up

BSS PARAMETERS
JJOlivarez

CHANNEL CONFIGURATION :
Parameters Related to Signaling:
Number of Blocks for Access Grant: if set = 0, AGCH messages would have priority over PCH messages if <> 0, then priority is on the PCH messages ( GSM recommendation) PCH Blocks = 9 (07) for BCCH/CCCH Configuration = 9 (17) if CBCH used on SDCCH/8 = 3 (02) for BCCH/SDCCH/4 Configuration

Capacity, therefore, can be dynamically shared between PCH and AGCH to attain better throughput for PCH especially for combined-BCCH.

BSS PARAMETERS
JJOlivarez

CHANNEL CONFIGURATION :
Parameters Related to Signaling:
Number of Multiframes Between Paging : Effects of the number of Paging Groups Battery Consumption of the Mobile Station Call Set-up duration. # of 51 TDMA frame multiframes (29) between transmission of Paging_Request messages to mobiles of the same paging group. # of paging groups = ( # of CCCH Blocks AG) * MFR Page/group = every 29*235 ms = 0.47 2.115 s Where AG = numberOfBlocksforAccessGrant MFR = noOfMultiframesBetPaging

Mobile station calculates its Paging Group based on IMSI and on the Number Of Paging Groups.

BSS PARAMETERS
JJOlivarez

CHANNEL CONFIGURATION :
Parameters Related to Signaling:
RACH Control :

Number of Slots Spread Transmission describes a window when Mobile Station tries to send Random Access to Base Station
Maximum Number of Retransmission describes the maximum amount of times the MS can send Random Access to the Base Station, whenever the previous time failed. Total Time for RACH = maxNumberRetransmission*numberOfSlotsSpreadTrans +

BSS PARAMETERS
JJOlivarez

BSSPAR COURSE OUTLINE:

Introduction
Channel Configuration

Idle Mode Operation

Protocols Radio Resource Measurements Measurement Processing

Power control
Handover Process

BSS PARAMETERS
JJOlivarez

IDLE MODE OPERATION:

Contents :
Reasons for camping on the BCCH

IDs and ID Codes

PLMN Selection Cell Selection and Reselection C1 Algorithm C2 Algorithm Location Updates IMSI Attach/Detach

BSS PARAMETERS
JJOlivarez

IDLE MODE OPERATION:

Reasons :
For the Mobile Station to receive system information from the Network on Downlink. For the PLMN to know on which Location Area the mobile is in so that it can be paged when there is an incoming call or an incoming SMS message. For the Mobile Station to initiate a call by Accessing the network through the RACH to the cell where it is camped on.

BSS PARAMETERS
JJOlivarez

IDLE MODE OPERATION:

Tasks:
PLMN Selection

Cell Selection
Cell Reselection Location Update

BSS PARAMETERS
JJOlivarez

IDLE MODE OPERATION:

IDs and ID Codes:
Parameters Values 0 999 0 99 0 65535

locationAreaID mcc ( Mobile Country Code) mnc ( Mobile Network Code) lac ( Location Area Code ) bsIdentityCode ncc ( Network Color Code ) bcc ( BTS Color Code )
cell-ID trainingSequenceCode Cell Global Identity

07 07
0 65535

0 . 7
MCC + MNC + LAC + CI

BSS PARAMETERS
JJOlivarez

IDLE MODE OPERATION:

Frequencies:
Parameters Values

initialFrequency

1 124 GSM 900 512 885 GSM 1800 512 810 GSM 1900
1 128 in GSM 1 124 in GSM ( max 32, all bands ) 0 (BCCH list is taken from adjacent cell) 1 128 (number of BCCH list used) ADJ (BCCH freq list taken from ADCE) IDLE (active MS uses the same list as MS in IDLE mode)

bCCHAllocation-ID bCCHAllocationList idleStateBCCHAllocation measurementBCCHAllocation

BSS PARAMETERS
JJOlivarez

IDLE MODE OPERATION:

PLMN Selection:
When the MS is switch on, it locates its home network but if it is unable to find it (no coverage or no registered PLMN), the MS will try to find another PLMN. Modes: Automatic Manual Selection Based on the Following List: Preferred Forbidden Network with the best Field Strength

BSS PARAMETERS
JJOlivarez

IDLE MODE OPERATION:

PLMN Selection:
Parameters Values

plmnPermitted
notAllowedAcessClasses

07
0 9 , 11 15

Note that PLMN Permitted does not affect network selection but used only After a network has been selected so that measurements from the permitted PLMNs are reported.

BSS PARAMETERS
JJOlivarez

IDLE MODE OPERATION:

PLMN Selection:
Parameters Values -110 -47 dBm Yes/No Yes/No 5 43 dBm for GSM900 0 36 dBm for DCS1800 0 14 dB

rxLevAccessMin
cellBarred emergencyCallResticted msTxPwrMaxCCH

CellReselectHysteresis

Emergency Call Restriction is only for Mobile Station Access Classes 11-15

BSS PARAMETERS
JJOlivarez

IDLE MODE OPERATION:

Cell Selection and Reselection:

C1 is Cell Selection and C2 is Cell Reselection but in reality C1 can also be used in Cell Reselection Radio Criteria C1 = RxLev rxLevAccessMin Max (msTxPowerMaxCCH MaxRFPowerMS, 0) C1 = RxLev rxLevAccessmin Where: RxLev = average receive signal level of MS (DL) MaxRFPowerMS = the actual TX Power of the MS (UL)

BSS PARAMETERS
JJOlivarez

IDLE MODE OPERATION:

Cell Selection and Reselection:

C1 and C2 calculation for serving cell: C1 and C2 calculation for neighboring cell:

every 5 secs. every 5 secs.

Reselection will be performed if any of the following criteria is satisfied: Path Loss criterion C1 < 0 for serving cell for more than 5 secs. There is DL signaling failure The serving cell has become BARRED. There is a better cell in terms of C1 or C2. RACH attempts still unsuccessful after the maxNumberRetransmission has been attempted.

BSS PARAMETERS
JJOlivarez

IDLE MODE OPERATION:

Cell Selection and Reselection:

C2 = C1 + REO TEO* H( PET-T ) C2 = C1 + REO Where: REO= TEO= PET= T = H = =

after PET

cellReselectOffset temporaryOffset penaltyTime time elapsed 1 when time elapsed, T is less than or equal to penaltyTime, PET 0 when time elapsed, T is more than or equal to penaltyTime, PET

BSS PARAMETERS
JJOlivarez

IDLE MODE OPERATION:

Cell Selection and Reselection:
Parameters Values

rxLevAccessMin msTxPowerMaxCCH
cellReselectParamInd

-110 -47 dBm 5 43 dBm for GSM900 0 36 dBm for DCS1800

Y C2 parameters are broadcasted N C2 parameters are not broadcasted Y/N 0 126 dB 20 640 dB 0 70 dB

cellBarQualify cellReselectOffset penaltyTime temporaryOffset

BSS PARAMETERS
JJOlivarez

IDLE MODE OPERATION:

Location Update:
Paging is carried out in each cell of one location area thus, the MS needs to update its location information to the network. Location Update is necessary when: MS changes Location area under one MSC, or between 2 different MSCs MS is switch on ( is IMSIAttachDetach is used ) Periodic Location update

BSS PARAMETERS
JJOlivarez

IDLE MODE OPERATION:

Location Update:
Parameters Values Yes/No 0.0 25.5 hours

allowIMSIAttachDetach
timeraPeriodicUpdateMS

IMSI Attach/Detach parameter is used to decrease signaling load. The MS informs the MSC if it is switch ON or OFF so that useless paging to MS is avoided.

BSS PARAMETERS
JJOlivarez

BSSPAR COURSE OUTLINE:

Introduction
Channel Configuration Idle Mode Operation

Protocols
Radio Resource Measurements Measurement Processing

Power control
Handover Process

BSS PARAMETERS
JJOlivarez

PROTOCOLS :
Contents:
Mobile Originating Call

Mobile Terminating Call

Location Update Disconnect Handover Synchronized Non-synchronized Failure

BSS PARAMETERS
JJOlivarez

PROTOCOLS :
Mobile Originating Call:
CHAN REQ IMM ASSIGN

Immediate Assignment Service Request

CM SERV REQ
AUTH REQ AUTH RES CIPH MOD CMD CIPH MOD COM SETUP CALL PROC ASSIGN CMD ASSIGN COM ALERT

Authentication Ciphering Mode Setting Call Initiation Assignment of Traffic Channel Call Confirmation

CONNECT CONNECT ACK

Call Accepted

BSS PARAMETERS
JJOlivarez

PROTOCOLS :
Mobile Terminating Call:
PAG REQ CHAN REQ IMM ASSIGN PAG RES

Immediate Assignment Service Request

AUTH REQ AUTH RES CIPH MOD CMD CIPH MOD COM SETUP CALL CONF ASSIGN CMD

Authentication Ciphering Mode Setting Call Initiation Assignment of Traffic Channel Call Confirmation

ASSIGN COM
ALERT CONNECT CONNECT ACK

Call Accepted

BSS PARAMETERS
JJOlivarez

PROTOCOLS :
Location Update
CHAN REQ IMM ASSIGN

Immediate Assignment Service Request

LOC UPD REQ

AUTH REQ AUTH RES CIPH MOD CMD CIPH MOD COM LOC UPD ACC TMSI REAL COM CHAN REL

Authentication Ciphering Mode Setting

Channel Release

BSS PARAMETERS
JJOlivarez

PROTOCOLS :
Disconnect, Network Initiated

DISCONNECT REL REL COM CHAN REL

Call Clearing

Release

BSS PARAMETERS
JJOlivarez

PROTOCOLS :
Disconnect, MS Initiated

DISCONNECT REL REL COM CHAN REL

Call Clearing

Release

BSS PARAMETERS
JJOlivarez

PROTOCOLS :
Handover, Synchronized

ACTIVE CALL

Old Channel, Old Cell

HANDO CMD HANDO ACC HANDO ACC HANDO ACC HANDO ACC HANDO COM

New Channel, New Cell

ACTIVE CALL

BSS PARAMETERS
JJOlivarez

PROTOCOLS :
Handover, Non-Synchronized

ACTIVE CALL

Old Channel, Old Cell

HANDO CMD HANDO ACC HANDO ACC PHYS INFO PHYS INFO HANDO COM
Ny1

New Channel, New Cell

ACTIVE CALL

Parameter maxNumberofRepetition ( 5 35 )

BSS PARAMETERS
JJOlivarez

PROTOCOLS :
Handover Failure :

ACTIVE CALL

Old Channel, Old Cell

HANDO CMD

Timer T3124 expiry or Radio Link Failure

New Channel, New Cell

HANDOVER FAIL

Old Channel, Old Cell

ACTIVE CALL

BSS PARAMETERS
JJOlivarez

BSSPAR COURSE OUTLINE:

Introduction
Channel Configuration Idle Mode Operation Protocols

Radio Resource
Measurements Measurement Processing

Power control
Handover Process

BSS PARAMETERS
JJOlivarez

RADIO RESOURCE MANAGEMENT:

Contents:
Traffic Channel Allocation

Priority in TCH Allocation

FACCH call set up Frequency Hopping BB Hopping RF Hopping Directed Retry Queuing Drop Call Control Dynamic SDCCH

BSS PARAMETERS
JJOlivarez

RADIO RESOURCE MANAGEMENT:

Traffic Channel Allocation:
The network allocates a traffic channel with the lowest interference level at each time. This means that BTS measures all the time the timeslots in uplink direction and compares these measurement results by assigning them in different boundaries. Averaging Period the number of SACCH multiframes from which the averaging of the interference level in the active/unallocated timeslot is performed. Interference Averaging Process defines the 5 Interference Bands Boundary1 Boundary4 are the limits of the 5 Intf bands. The range is from 110 dBm to 47 dBm. Boundary0 and Boundary5 are fixed. The 1st one to 110 dBm and the last one to 47dBm Best class is the lowest receiving level class because the probability of interference is lowest.

BSS PARAMETERS
JJOlivarez

RADIO RESOURCE MANAGEMENT:

Traffic Channel Allocation:
Maximum Interference Level A. During call set-up: MAX_INTF_LEV = RXLEV_UL + (MsTxPwrMax - MS_TXPWR)CNThreshold or MAX_INTF_LEV = MAX(MIN(RXLEV_UL+(MsTxPwrMax MS_TXPWR), OptimumRxLevUL), RXLEV_UL (MS_TXPWR MsTxPwrMin)) CNThreshold

Where: RXLEV_UL= current UL signal level measured during the initial signaling period. MS_TXPWR = actual transmitting level of the MS CNThreshold = the minimum acceptable C/N (carrier/noise) ratio when selecting a time slot to be allocated for a call or handover OptimumRxLevUL = indicates the optimum RF signal level which ensures both adequate speech/data quality and does not cause UL Interference.

BSS PARAMETERS
JJOlivarez

RADIO RESOURCE MANAGEMENT:

Traffic Channel Allocation:
Maximum Interference Level B. During Intercell Handover MAX_INTF_LEV = RXLEV_DL RxLevBalance CNThreshold Or MAX_INTF_LEV = MAX (MIN (AV_RXLEV_NCELL(n) RxLevBalance, MsPwrOptLev (n)), (AV_RXLEV_NCELL (n) RxLevBalance) (MsTxPwrMax (n) )) CNThreshold

Where: RxLevBalance = difference between the UL and DL signal level within the BSC coverage. MsPwrOptLev = indicates the optimum UL RF signal level on a channel in the adjacent cell after a handover.

BSS PARAMETERS
JJOlivarez

RADIO RESOURCE MANAGEMENT:

Traffic Channel Allocation:

boundary5 boundary4 boundary3 boundary2 boundary1 boundary0

-47 -90 -95 -100 -105 -110

Interference level

Timeslot 4 will be selected !!!

BSS PARAMETERS
JJOlivarez

RADIO RESOURCE MANAGEMENT:

Traffic Channel Allocation:
Parameters Values 1 32 SACCH period -110 -47 dBm boundary0/5 fixed 0 63 dB ( 0 not active )

interferenceAveragingProcess
Boundary 1-4

CNThreshold
RxLevBalance OptimumRXLevUL MSPwrOptLevel

0 20 dB
-109 -47 , N -110 -47 , N (TRX Level) (Cell Level)

BSS PARAMETERS
JJOlivarez

RADIO RESOURCE MANAGEMENT:

Priority in TCH Allocation:
The Advantages of using the BCCH carrier for call set up: It would not increase interference in the network BCCH channels are planned to be the least interfered one The Advantage of using the TCH TRX for call set up: The hopping gain

It is possible to set priority between the TCH TRXs and BCCH TRX.

BSS PARAMETERS
JJOlivarez

RADIO RESOURCE MANAGEMENT:

Priority in TCH Allocation:
Parameters Values

trxPriorityInTChAlloc

0 no preference 1 BCCH preferred 2 Beyond BCCH preferrence

Pref/None

prefferedBCCHMark

Preferred BCCH TRX The TRXs are not always similar within a cell as regards to the antenna power, Abis transmission or even the safety of the power feed. This may result in a requirement of keeping the BCCH on a certain physical TRX always when possible. It is possible to mark more than 1 TRX as preferred.0

BSS PARAMETERS
JJOlivarez

RADIO RESOURCE MANAGEMENT:

FACCH Call Set-up:
When an Idle SDCCH is not available for the request, BSC tries to allocate a TCH for signaling instead of an SDCCH. After the signaling is finished, the channel mode is modified as TCH and the call continues on the same channel. Parameters pagingAnsOnFACCH restablishOnFACCH emerCallOnFACCH ordinaryCallOnFACCH Values Y/N Y/N Y/N Y/N

BSS PARAMETERS
JJOlivarez

RADIO RESOURCE MANAGEMENT:

Frequency Hopping:
A method of changing the carrier frequency during the connection. In GSM, slow Frequency Hopping is used which means that the frequency changes per burst bases and does not change during the transmission of the burst.

time

the frequency remains the same during the burst ( 0.577 ms) All dedicated channel types can hop ( TCH/SDCCH/FACCH/SACCH )

BSS PARAMETERS
JJOlivarez

RADIO RESOURCE MANAGEMENT:

Frequency Hopping:
E (uV/m)

f2
f1 f2 MS1 MS2 MS3 f3

f1

average D (m)
MS1 MS2 MS3

Two Main Benefits: Frequency Diversity Rayleigh Fading Interference Diversity interference averaged over multiple users

BSS PARAMETERS
JJOlivarez

RADIO RESOURCE MANAGEMENT:

Baseband Hopping:
Refers to a particular implementation of FH algorithm in which the BB digital signal streams are multiplexed between Transmitters and Receivers using fixed frequencies. RTSL
TRX-1

0 B

3 4

7
f1 f2

B = BCCH, TSL1 Does not hop.

TRX-2
TRX-3

f3

TSL 17 of all TRXs Hop over the MA List ( f1,f2,f3,f4 )

TRX-4

f4

TSL 0s of TRX 2 & TRX 3, Hop over f2,f3,f4.

BSS PARAMETERS
JJOlivarez

RADIO RESOURCE MANAGEMENT:

RF Hopping:
Refers to a particular implementation of FH algorithm in which the synthesizers of BTS Transmitter and Receiver are tuned on every timeslot to the frequency specified by the hopping algorithm. Number of frequencies to hop is up to 63. RTSL
TRX-1
f1 f2 f3 fN f1

3 4

B = BCCH TSL. BCCH TRX does not hop.

f2 f3 fN

TRX-2

Non-BCCH TRXs are hopping over MA-list (f1,f2,f3,fN) attached to the cell

BSS PARAMETERS
JJOlivarez

RADIO RESOURCE MANAGEMENT:

RF Hopping:
MAIO Offset HSN TRX-1 0 3 TRX-2 TRX-3 TRX-4 TRX-5 3 3 BCCH TCH TCH TCH BCCH MAIO 0 1 2 f2 f1

TRX-6
TRX-7 TRX-8 TRX-9

TCH
TCH TCH BCCH TCH TCH TCH

3
4 5 6 7 8 f3

f4 f5 f6 f7 f8 f9 f10 f11 f12

TRX-10 TRX-11 TRX-12

BSS PARAMETERS
JJOlivarez

RADIO RESOURCE MANAGEMENT:

Terminology
Hopping Group set of RTSLs using the same MA and HSN in a cell.

Hopping Sequence Number ( HSN ) parameter used in randomizing hopping sequence. If HSN=0, it means cyclic hopping, 1 63 means pseudorandom hopping.
Mobile Allocation ( MA ) list of AFRCNs, which are used in a particular hopping sequence. Mobile Allocation Index Offset ( MAIO ) hopping sequence starting point for each RTSL using the same MA. It synchronizes the RTSLs which use the same MA to use different frequency at a time.

MAIO step (MS) MAIOs can be allocated every second or third value, for example. Range from 1 to 62.

BSS PARAMETERS
JJOlivarez

RADIO RESOURCE MANAGEMENT:

Frequency Hopping
Parameters Values

btsIsHopping

RF RF Hopping BB Baseband Hopping N Not Hopping

0 128

usedMobileAllocation

mobileAllocationList
maioOffset maioStep hoppingSequenceNumber1/2

1 124
0 62 1 62 0 63

BSS PARAMETERS
JJOlivarez

RADIO RESOURCE MANAGEMENT:

Directed Retry
Procedure in call setup phase in assigning a TCH to as MS from a cell other than the serving cell , when the first attempt fails due to TCH congestion allowing the mobile subscriber second attempt at gaining access. Actually an Handover from an SDCCH to other TCH target selection is based on Imperative HO algorithm. if improved criterion, drThreshold is used, RX_LEV of target cell must be stronger than the threshold setting. MinTimeLimitDR the period allowed to the MS to decode the BSIC of the adjacent cell before the target cell evaluation. MaxTimeLimitDR the maximum limit that the BSC is allowed to continue the target evaluation for the DR handover.

BSS PARAMETERS
JJOlivarez

RADIO RESOURCE MANAGEMENT:

Directed Retry
New Criterion in candidate cell selection ( DR Improvement ):

drThreshold an improvement in directed retry candidate cell selection which is compared to the measured signal level together with the RxLevMinCell
drMethod toggles whether the improved criterion is in use or not. Note that the drThreshold must be set higher than the RxLevMinCell so that the effective radius of the DR candidate cells is effectively reduced. Intelligent Directed Retry takes into account not only the thresholds in candidate cell evaluation but also the parameters CELL_TYPE, which indicate the type of the cell, and ADJ_CELL_TYPE which indicates the type of the adjacent cell. Possible values for both are GSM and MCN. The MS Classmark and MS Priority are also considered during the target cell seletion.

BSS PARAMETERS
JJOlivarez

RADIO RESOURCE MANAGEMENT:

Directed Retry
Parameters Values

drInUse
MaxTimeLimitDR MinTimeLimitDR drMethod drThreshold

Yes/No
0 14 secs 0 15 secs 0 Improvement not in use 1 Improvement in used -47 -110 dBm

IdrUsed
CellType AdjCellType

Yes/No
GSM/MCN GSM/MCN

BSS PARAMETERS
JJOlivarez

RADIO RESOURCE MANAGEMENT:

Queuing :
The queued resource is always a TCH, never an SDCCH.

Queued seizure request can be either a call Set-up ( MO or MT ) or a Handover attempt ( urgent or non-urgent ).
Prioritization can be used for both call attempts and handovers. This is attained through the parameters queuingPriorityCall, queuingPriorityHo, and queuingPriorityNonUrgentHo. For this prioritization to take effect, queuePriorityUsed and/or msPriorityUsedInQueuing must be activated. Number of Queues maxQueueLength. is related to the number of TRXs and

Queuing time can be set separately for both HO and Call set-up through timeLimitCall and timelimitHandover.

BSS PARAMETERS
JJOlivarez

RADIO RESOURCE MANAGEMENT:

Queuing :
Parameters Values

maxQueueLength
timeLimitCall timeLimitHandover

0 100 %
0 15 secs. 0 10 secs.

msPriorityUsedInQueuing
queuePriorityUsed queuePriorityCall queuePriorityHandover queuePriorityNonUrgentHO

Yes/No
Yes/No 1 14 1 14 1 14

BSS PARAMETERS
JJOlivarez

RADIO RESOURCE MANAGEMENT:

Dropped Call Control :
Radio Link Timeout - A timer which checks whether radio interface between the MS and the BTS is still maintained. If the timer reaches 0, it means that the radio connection has been lost (call dropped) therefore allowing the same channel to be reused. Increments by 2 if the BTS receives SACCH and decrements by 1 if no SACCH is received. Call Reestablishment MSC waits for some time before it disconnects the call and the mobile will try to re-establish the connection using the best server which can also be one of the neighboring cells. Parameters radioLinkTimeout callReestablishmentAllowed

Values
0 64 SACCH Period Yes/No

BSS PARAMETERS
JJOlivarez

RADIO RESOURCE MANAGEMENT:

Dynamic SDCCH :
A TCH resource can be reconfigured dynamically as SDCCH/8 is cases of SDCCH congestion. The placement of the SDCCH resource will be at the TCH TSL with the least uplink interference, TRX with the minimum SDCCH configuration, and the TRX with the least working channels. BTS reconfigures without waiting any command from the BSC when the last SDCCH sub-channel is released. Restrictions: Dynamic SDCCH resource cannot be configured at the time of SDCCH handover. Limited by the SDCCH limit of BCSU : max 384 channels. CBCH SDCCH can not be configured dynamically.

BSS PARAMETERS
JJOlivarez

BSSPAR COURSE OUTLINE:

Introduction
Channel Configuration Idle Mode Operation Protocols Radio Resource Measurements Measurement Processing

Power control
Handover Process

BSS PARAMETERS
JJOlivarez

MEASUREMENTS:
Contents :
Coding Level and Quality

MS Measurement in IDLE mode

MS Measurement in DEDICATED mode

BSS PARAMETERS
JJOlivarez

MEASUREMENTS:
Coding Level and Quality :
Level P (dBm) FS (dBuV/m) -110 -109 -108 . . . - 49 - 48 - 47 27 28 29 Lev 0 1 2 Quality
BER (%) BER (%) QUAL

88 89 90

61 62 63

Range < 0.2 0.2 0.4 0.4 0.8 0.8 1.6 1.6 3.2 3.2 6.4 6.4 12.8 > 12.8

Mean 0.14 0.28 0.57 1.13 2.26 4.53 9.05 18.1

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

BSS PARAMETERS
JJOlivarez

MEASUREMENTS:
Mobile Station Measurements in IDLE Mode :
MS receives information of the frequencies of the adjacent cell through the BCCH. MS has to decode the BCCH of the serving cell every 30 secs. MS has to decode the BCCH of the adjacent cells every 5 mins. MS has to pre-synchronize and decode the BSIC of the serving cell once every in 30 secs. The list of the Adjacent cells (six best neighbors) is updated every 60 secs, and if a new cell appears in the list, the MS has to decode the BCCH of this new cell in 30 secs. In IDLE mode, MS has enough time to measure the adjacent cells, because there is no traffic between MS and BTS. Actually, the MS measures the serving cell only when the BTS sends paging messages to the paging group of the MS

BSS PARAMETERS
JJOlivarez

MEASUREMENTS:
Mobile Station Measurements in DEDICATED Mode :
SACCH PERIOD = 480 ms

26 Frame Multiframe 120 ms

TDMA Frame 4.615 ms

TDMA FRAMES :
TCH SACCH IDLE

Rx

Tx

Meas

Rx

Tx

Meas

Meas

Rx

Tx

Meas

BSIC decoding of at least 1 neighbor Pre-synchronization 0n SCH Measures the BA frequencies ( system info 5) Measures the Qual and Lev of the Server Detects whether DTX is used.

BSS PARAMETERS
JJOlivarez

MEASUREMENTS:
Mobile Station Measurements in DEDICATED Mode :
Pre-synchronization and BSIC decoding of the adjacent cells once in 10 secs. When a new adjacent cell is taken into the list, BSIC decoding and presynchronization has to happen within 5 secs., otherwise, the MS will use the old neighbor list and again try to decode the BSIC of the new adjacent cell. Measurement of the 6 best neighbors will be sent to BSC every SACCH period ( 480 secs ).

BSS PARAMETERS
JJOlivarez

BSSPAR COURSE OUTLINE:

Introduction
Channel Configuration Idle Mode Operation Protocols Radio Resource Measurements Measurement Processing

Power control
Handover Process

BSS PARAMETERS
JJOlivarez

MEASUREMENTS PROCESSING:
Contents :
Pre-processing in BTS

Averaging and Sampling in the BTS Fast HO Averaging Method

DTX

Processing in BSC

BSS PARAMETERS
JJOlivarez

MEASUREMENTS PROCESSING:
Pre Processing in BTS :
Pre-processing is a task of the BTS to average over 1,2,3 or 4 SACCH period the measurement results for both uplink and downlink by the parameter btsMeasAver. This averaging reduces the signaling load and the BSC processing load. This is specifically necessary for A-bis interface with 16 kBit signaling rate. Pre-processing causes delay in the final measurement processing in the BSC by (btsMeasAver 1) * 480 ms.

Parameters
btsMeasAver

Values 1 4 SACCH Period

BSS PARAMETERS
JJOlivarez

MEASUREMENTS PROCESSING:
Averaging and Sampling :
Done after each measurement result ( SACCH period) and can be controlled by the parameters ho/pcAveragingLev/QualDL/UL including windowSize, and weighting which tells how samples are average and weighted due to DTX.
50 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10

Ave=40, P=0
480 ms

Ave=35,P=0 Ave=30,P=1 Ave=25,P=2 Ave=20,P=3

HANDOVER ATTEMPT!!!

SETTINGS: HoThresholdLevDL = 33 (-77 dBm) windowSize = 5, weighting = 1 Px= 3, Nx= 4 btsMeasAver= 1 (no pre-processing)

BSS PARAMETERS
JJOlivarez

MEASUREMENTS PROCESSING:
Averaging and Sampling :
Fast Averaging: Averaging starts with available samples even before the averaging window size is fulfilled. Provides faster Handover decisions and prevents consecutive PC commands where Handover is needed. Normal Averaging algorithm is used when the window is fulfilled.
27 23 26 24 27 24
27/1 (27+23)/2 (27+23+26)/3

(27+23+26+24)/4
(23+26+24+27)/4 (26+24+27+24)/4

BSS PARAMETERS
JJOlivarez

MEASUREMENTS PROCESSING:
Averaging and Sampling :
Parameters Values 1 32 1 3 1 32 Y/N Y/N

ho/pc_Averaging_Lev/Qual_UL/DL WindowSize Weight

msDistanceAveragingParameter WindowSize EnaFastAveCallSetup EnaFastAvePC

EnaFastAveHO

Y/N

BSS PARAMETERS
JJOlivarez

MEASUREMENTS PROCESSING:
DTX :
When DTX is enabled, only the SUB measurements are reported to the BTS, which means that averaging is done over 12 timeslots ( 3 data blocks ). This averaging process is controlled by parameter weighting (13)
Conditions: pcAveragingLevUL windowSize= Weighing=
Sample: DTX used: UL level: 1 0 35

8 2
2 1 42 3 0 33 4 0 36 5 1 39 6 1 40 7 1 39 8 0 35

AV_RXLEV_UL_PC = 2*35 + 1*42 + 2*33 + 2*36 + .. + 2*35 2+1+2+2+ +2

= 36

Parameters DTXMode

Value 0 MS may not use 1 MS shall use DTX 2 MS shall not use DTX

BSS PARAMETERS
JJOlivarez

MEASUREMENTS PROCESSING:
Processing In The BSC :
Mobile reports to BSC 6 best results and the rest are zero (= -110 dBm). Zero Results can be eliminated from averaging ( up to 7). All adjacent cells can be average or just 6 best ( reported by the mobile in the last measurements ).
Sample: allAdjacentCellsAverage= No numberOfZeroResults = 2 WindowSize = 8 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

-65 67 71 69 72 70 73 71 -73 75 -74 75 76 77 -75 -77 -77 0 -80 79 -81 -79 0 -80 -85 83 87 88 84 0 -86 -87 -90 94 91 90 95 93 92 90 -97 99 98 99 96 97 0 0

Parameters averagingWindowSizeAdjacentCells numberOfZeroResults allAdjacentCellsAverage

Values 1 32 07

Y/N

BSS PARAMETERS
JJOlivarez

BSSPAR COURSE OUTLINE:

Introduction
Channel Configuration Idle Mode Operation Protocols Radio Resource Measurements Measurement Processing

Power control
Handover Process

BSS PARAMETERS
JJOlivarez

POWER CONTROL :
Contents :
Reasons and Strategy

Overview
PC Ranges PC Algorithm MS/BTS Power increase due to signal Quality BTS Power decrease due to signal Level BTS Power decrease due to Quality MS Power decrease due to signal Level MS Power decrease due to signal Quality

BSS PARAMETERS
JJOlivarez

POWER CONTROL :
Reasons and Strategy :
Reasons:

Decrease Uplink and Downlink interference. Decrease Power consumption of the Mobile.
Strategy: Enough margin has to be reserved for Rayleigh Fading Handover has higher priority over Power Control Controlled by intervals to avoid repetitive power changes for MS/BTS. Power increase and decrease act independently BTS and MS Power control are independently with each other. UL and DL power control can be disabled/enabled. BCCH Transceiver does not perform power control.

BSS PARAMETERS
JJOlivarez

POWER CONTROL :
Overview :
EnaFastAveCallSetup EnaFastAVePC EnaFastAVeHO

SERVING CELL

Measurements

Averaging
Ho/pc_Averaging_Lev/Qual_UL/DL WindowSize Weight msDistanceAveragingParameter WindowSize DTX

THRESHOLD COMPARISON

btsMeasAverage

HANDOVER?

ADJACENT CELL

Measurements Bookkeeping

Averaging
AveragingWindowSizeAdjCell AllAdjacentCellsAveraged NumberOfZeroResults

BSS PARAMETERS
JJOlivarez

POWER CONTROL :
Overview :

A v e r a g i n g

P r o c e s s

POWER CONTROL UPLINK UL Quality UL Level AV_RXQUAL_UL_PC AV_RXLEV_UL_PC Threshold Comparison

DL Quality
DL Level

AV_RXQUAL_DL_PC
AV_RXLEV_DL_PC Separate Averaging Parameters For HO and Power Control POWER CONTROL DOWNLINK

C p o o n w t e r r o l

PC Interval

BSS PARAMETERS
JJOlivarez

POWER CONTROL :
Power Control Parameters:
Parameters Values

powerCtrlEnabled powerControlInterval powerIncrStepSize powerReductionStepSize pcUpper/LowerThresholdLevUL rxLevel px nx pcUpper/LowerThresholdLevDL rxLev px nx

Y/N 0 30 secs 2, 4, 6 dB 2 , 4 dB

AV_RXLEV_UL_PC

-110 -47 dBm 1 32 1 32 -110 -47 dBm 1 32 1 32

AV_RXLEV_DL_PC

BSS PARAMETERS
JJOlivarez

POWER CONTROL :
Power Control Parameters:
Parameters Values 0 7 1 32 1 32

pcUpper/LowerThresholdQualUL rxQual px nx
pcUpper/LowerThresholdQualUL rxQual px nx

07 1 32 1 32

BSS PARAMETERS
JJOlivarez

POWER CONTROL :
Ranges:

Attenuations

30 dB range Power Value

System Dependent Range

BASE STATION

MOBILE STATION

BSS PARAMETERS
JJOlivarez

POWER CONTROL :
Ranges:
Parameters Values

btsTxPwrMax
bsTxPwrMin minMsTxPower for GSM

0 30 dB (2 dB step)
0 30 dB (2 dB step) 5 43 dBm (2 dB step)

msTxPwrMax

for GSM

5 43 dBm (2 dB step)

BSS PARAMETERS
JJOlivarez

POWER CONTROL :
Power Control Algorithms:
MS Power INCREASE due to Signal Level :

if RXLEV_UL + 2*PowIncrStepSize <= PcLowerThresholdLevUL

PWR_INCR_STEP = PcLowerThresholdsLevUL RXLEV_UL (variable step size) PWR_INCR_STEP = PowIncrStepSize

else,

Power Control Triggered pcLowerThresholdLevUL

Where: RXLEV_UL is the current signal level measured by the BTS RXLEV_UL <> AV_RXLEV_UL_PC (used for threshold comparison) BSS PARAMETERS
JJOlivarez

POWER CONTROL :
Power Control Algorithms:
MS Power DECREASE due to Signal Level :

if RXLEV_UL - 2*PowRedStepSize >= PcUpperThresholdLevUL

PWR_DECR_STEP = RXLEV_UL - PcUpperThresholdsLevUL (variable step size) PWR_DECR_STEP = PowRedStepSize
pcUpperThresholdLevUL

else,

Power Control Triggered

Where: RXLEV_UL is the current signal level measured by the BTS RXLEV_UL <> AV_RXLEV_UL_PC (used for threshold comparison) BSS PARAMETERS
JJOlivarez

POWER CONTROL :
Power Control Algorithms:
MS Power INCREASE due to Signal Quality:

Only Variable step size 2 Different Algorithms, Largest increase is considered.

Based on Current Quality PWR_INCR_STEP = (1+MAX(0,Qa)) * PowIncrStepSize Where Qa = RXQUAL_UL - PcLowerThresholdsQualUL LARGEST INCREASE Based on Current Level PWR_INCR_STEP = PcLowerThresholdsLevUL RXLEV_UL

IF: RXLEV_UL +2*PowIncrStepSize <= PcLowerThresholdsLevUL

BSS PARAMETERS
JJOlivarez

POWER CONTROL :
Power Control Algorithms:
MS Power DECREASE due to Signal Quality:

Two algorithms: based on whether OptimumRxLevUL is ON or OFF To avoid ping-pong effect on power control, BSC makes sure that before decreasing the power due to signal quality, RXLEV_UL should be at least 6 dB higher than the PcLowerThreshodLevUL. This margin is in-built in the BSC.
If : optimumRxLevUL = N
if RXLEV_UL - 2*PowRedStepSize >= PcUpperThresholdLevUL

PWR_DECR_STEP = RXLEV_UL - PcUpperThresholdsLevUL

(variable step size) else, PWR_DECR_STEP = PowRedStepSize Note: Same as in MS Power Decrease due to Signal Level but triggered by different condition ( quality).

BSS PARAMETERS
JJOlivarez

POWER CONTROL :
Power Control Algorithms:
MS Power DECREASE due to Signal Quality:

If : optimumRxLevUL < > N

PWR_DECR_STEP = MIN [PwrDecrLimit, MAX (MAX (0, RXLEV_UL OptimumRxLevUL), (PwrDecrFactor + MAX (0, Qa)) * PowRedStepSize)] Where Qa = PcUpperThresholdsQualUL AV_RXQUAL_UL_PC

BSS PARAMETERS
JJOlivarez

POWER CONTROL :
Power Control Algorithms:
BTS Power INCREASE due to Signal Level :

if RXLEV_DL + 2*PowIncrStepSize <= PcLowerThresholdLevDL

PWR_INCR_STEP = PcLowerThresholdsLevDL RXLEV_DL (variable step size) PWR_INCR_STEP = PowIncrStepSize

else,

Power Control Triggered pcLowerThresholdLevDL

Where: RXLEV_DL is the current signal level measured by the BTS RXLEV_DL <> AV_RXLEV_DL_PC (used for threshold comparison) BSS PARAMETERS
JJOlivarez

POWER CONTROL :
Power Control Algorithms:
BTS Power DECREASE due to Signal Level :

if RXLEV_DL - 2*PowRedStepSize >= PcUpperThresholdLevDL

PWR_DECR_STEP = RXLEV_DL - PcUpperThresholdsLevDL (variable step size) PWR_DECR_STEP = PowRedStepSize
Note: If VariableDLStepUse = N, only the fixed step size is considered.
pcUpperThresholdLevDL

else,

Power Control Triggered

Where: RXLEV_UL is the current signal level measured by the BTS RXLEV_UL <> AV_RXLEV_UL_PC (used for threshold comparison) BSS PARAMETERS
JJOlivarez

POWER CONTROL :
Power Control Algorithms:
BTS Power INCREASE due to Signal Quality:

Only Variable step size 2 Different Algorithms, Largest increase is considered.

Based on Current Quality PWR_INCR_STEP = (1+MAX(0,Qa)) * PowIncrStepSize Where Qa = RXQUAL_DL - PcLowerThresholdsQualDL LARGEST INCREASE Based on Current Level PWR_INCR_STEP = PcLowerThresholdsLevDL RXLEV_DL

IF: RXLEV_DL +2*PowIncrStepSize <= PcLowerThresholdsLevDL

BSS PARAMETERS
JJOlivarez

POWER CONTROL :
Power Control Algorithms:
BTS Power DECREASE due to Signal Quality:

Two algorithms: based on whether OptimumRxLevDL is ON or OFF To avoid ping-pong effect on power control, BSC makes sure that before decreasing the power due to signal quality, RXLEV_DL should be at least 6 dB higher than the PcLowerThreshodLevDL. This margin is in-built in the BSC.
If : optimumRxLevUL = N
if RXLEV_DL - 2*PowRedStepSize >= PcUpperThresholdLevDL

PWR_DECR_STEP = RXLEV_DL - PcUpperThresholdsLevDL

(variable step size) else, PWR_DECR_STEP = PowRedStepSize Note: Same as in BTS Power Decrease due to Signal Level but triggered by different condition ( quality).

BSS PARAMETERS
JJOlivarez

POWER CONTROL :
Power Control Algorithms:
BTS Power DECREASE due to Signal Quality:

If : optimumRxLevUL < > N

PWR_DECR_STEP = MIN [PwrDecrLimit, MAX (MAX (0, RXLEV_DL OptimumRxLevDL), (PwrDecrFactor + MAX (0, Qa)) * PowRedStepSize)] Where Qa = PcUpperThresholdsQualDL AV_RXQUAL_DL_PC
Note: Improvement: VariableDLStepUse = Y/N

If VariableDLStepUse = Y, only the fixed step size is used.

BSS PARAMETERS
JJOlivarez

BSSPAR COURSE OUTLINE:

Introduction
Channel Configuration Idle Mode Operation Protocols Radio Resource Measurements Measurement Processing

Power control

Handover Process

BSS PARAMETERS
JJOlivarez

HANDOVER PROCESS :
Contents :
Overview / Handover Decision

Target Cell Evaluation

Algorithms Radio Resource Handover Power Budget Umbrella HO Level and Quality HO Interference HO Imperative Handover MS-BTS Distance Rapid Field Drop Traffic Reason HO Practical Examples

BSS PARAMETERS
JJOlivarez

HANDOVER PROCESS :
OVERVIEW/HANDOVER DECISIONS :
Purpose: Call Continuity Call Quality Others Triggering Factors : Quality Field Strength or distance values fall below/exceed their threshold Periodic Checks Power Budget Umbrella

BSS PARAMETERS
JJOlivarez

HANDOVER PROCESS :
OVERVIEW/HANDOVER DECISIONS :
Quality& Interference Level MS Speed Distance

A v e r a g i n g

UL Quality

AV_RXQUAL_UL_HO
AV_RXQUAL_DL_HO AV_RXLEV_UL_HO AV_RXLEV_DL_HO AV_MS_SPEED AV_RANGE_HO

P r o c e s s

DL Quality UL Level DL Level MS Speed Timing Advance

Threshold Comparison

Imperative Handover Rapid Field Drop

Adjacent Cells

AV_RXLEV_NCELL(n)

Channel Administration Directed Retry Power Budget Umbrella

Periodic Checks

BSS PARAMETERS
JJOlivarez

HANDOVER PROCESS :
OVERVIEW/HANDOVER DECISIONS :
Handover Priority:

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11.

Uplink and Downlink Interference Uplink Quality Downlink Quality Uplink Level Downlink Level Distance Rapid Field Drop Slow Moving MS Better Cell i.e, Periodic check ( Power Budget HO Or Umbrella HO PC: Lower quality/level Threshold (UL/DL) PC: Upper quality/level Threshold (UL/DL)

BSS PARAMETERS
JJOlivarez

HANDOVER PROCESS :
TARGET CELL EVALUATION :
Based on:

The Radio Link Measurement

Threshold Comparison The priority levels of the neighboring cells The load of the neighboring cells which belong to the same BSC of the serving cell. Rx Level comparison, if needed.

BSS PARAMETERS
JJOlivarez

HANDOVER PROCESS :
TARGET CELL EVALUATION :
Parameters Values

MinIntBetweenHoReq
MinIntBetweenUnsuccHoAttempt btsLoadThreshold hoLevPriority hoLoadFactor

0 30 secs
0 30 secs 0 100 % 07 07

BSS PARAMETERS
JJOlivarez

HANDOVER PROCESS :
ALGORITHMS :
In all Handover cases (Imperative HO only requirement) AV_RXLEV_NCELL(n) > rxLevMinCell(n)+ Max (0, A) A = msTxPwrMax (n) P , where P depends on the MS Classmark Except for Umbrella Handover AV_RXLEV_NCELL(n) > hoLevelUmbrella (n) The Additional condition PBGT> hoMarginPBGT(n) where PBGT = ((msTxPwrMax msTxPwrMax(n)) (AV_RXLEV_DL_HO AV_RXLEV_NCELL(n)) (btsTxPwrMax BTS_TXPWR))

1.

1. 2.

2.

PBGT> hoMarginLev/Qual(n) where PBGT = (AV_RXLEV_NCELL(n) AV_RXLEV_DL_HO) (btsTxPwrMax BTS_TXPWR), if enableHoMarginLevQual = Y

BSS PARAMETERS
JJOlivarez

HANDOVER PROCESS :
Radio Resource Handovers :
Cause is one of the following Reasons:

1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

Level (Uplink/Downlink) Quality (Uplink/Downlink) Interference (Uplink/Downlink) Power Budget Umbrella

Relevant Thresholds hoThresholdLevDL/UL hoThresholdQualDL/UL hoThresholdInterferenceDL/UL msSpeedThresholdNx/Px

BSS PARAMETERS
JJOlivarez

HANDOVER PROCESS :
Radio Resource Handovers :
Periodic Checks

Power Budget Handover Umbrella Handover

Also, If HO is triggered by interference, the BSC can perform either an inter or intra cell, with the priority between the two defined by the parameter HoPreferenceOrderInterUL/DL (intra,inter). Moreover, intra-cell interference HO can be toggled by parameter EnableIntraHoInterDL/UL (Yes/No).

BSS PARAMETERS
JJOlivarez

HANDOVER PROCESS :
Power Budget Handover :
Ensures that the MS is always handed over to the cell with the minimum path loss, even though the quality and the level thresholds may not have been exceeded. Trigger Periodic Check ( hoPeriodPBGT ) Candidate Selection Equation 1 and 2 used. Priority and Load Considered. Parameters hoPeriodPBGT enablePwrBudgetHandover rxLevMinCell(n) msTxPwrMax(n) hoMarginPBGT(n) Values 1 63 SACCH Period Y/N -110 -47 5 43 dBm -24 24 dB

BSS PARAMETERS
JJOlivarez

HANDOVER PROCESS :
Umbrella Handover :
An umbrella cell, designed to have a wide coverage was originally intended to avoid multiple handovers for fast moving mobiles. In SMART, Umbrella HO application is for traffic management (pushing traffic on the 900 to 1800 cells). Trigger Periodic Check ( hoPeriodUmbrella) Candidate Selection Equation 1. Priority and Load Considered. Parameters hoPeriodUmbrella enablePwrBudgetHandover hoLevelUmbrella gsmMicrocellThreshold gsmMacrocellThreshold Values 0 63 SACCH Period Y/N -110 -47 dB 5 43 5 43 BSC

BSS PARAMETERS
JJOlivarez

HANDOVER PROCESS :
Level Handover :
Trigger Threshold Comparison ( hoThresholdsLevUL/DL) Candidate Selection Equation 1 used. Equation 2 used if enableHoMarginLevQual = N Equation 2 used if enableHoMarginLevQual = Y, with hoMarginLev Priority and Load Considered. Parameters hoThresholdLevUL/DL px nx rxLevMinCell (n) msTxPwrMax (n) hoMarginLev (n) Values -110 -47 dBm 1 32 1 32 -110 -47 dBm 5 47 dBm -24 24 dB

BSS PARAMETERS
JJOlivarez

HANDOVER PROCESS :
Quality Handover :
Trigger Threshold Comparison ( hoThresholdsQualUL/DL) Candidate Selection Equation 1 used. Equation 2 used if enableHoMarginLevQual = N Equation 2 used if enableHoMarginLevQual = Y, with hoMarginQual Priority and Load Considered. Parameters hoThresholdLevUL/DL px nx rxLevMinCell (n) msTxPwrMax (n) hoMarginLev (n) Values 07 1 32 1 32 -110 -47 dBm 5 47 dBm -24 24 dB

BSS PARAMETERS
JJOlivarez

HANDOVER PROCESS :
Interference Handover :
Trigger Threshold Comparison for Quality ( hoThresholdsQualUL/DL (px nx)) Threshold Comparison for Level (hoThresholdsInterferenceUL/DL(px-nx)) Candidate Selection Priority InterCell/ intercell selected at BSC independently UL/DL Priority Inter Priority Intra Quality HO if any target Intra Cell HO Otherwise Intra Cell HO Parameters enableIntraHoInterfUL/DL hoThresholdInterferenceUL/DL px nx hoPeferenceOrderInterfUL/DL Values Y /N -110 -47 1 32 1 32 INTER /INTRA BSC

BSS PARAMETERS
JJOlivarez

HANDOVER PROCESS :
Imperative Handovers:
MS-BTS Distance

Directed Retry and Intelligent Directed Retry

Rapid Field Drop Order to empty a cell ( from O&M)

BSS PARAMETERS
JJOlivarez

HANDOVER PROCESS :
MS BTS Distance :
Distance Process MS Distance Behavior set in the BSC 0 : Release immediately 1 06 : Release after certain time, try handover during that time 255 : No release, only imperative HO attempt Parameters enableMSDistanceProcess msDistanceHoThresholdParam px nx msDistanceBehavior Values Y/N 0 63 1 32 1 32 0, 1 60, 255

BSS PARAMETERS
JJOlivarez

HANDOVER PROCESS :
Rapid Field Drop :
Trigger Threshold Comparison ( hoThresholdsRapidLevUL (px)) RX_LEV_UL is not average Candidate Selection Only chained cell are considered Equation 1 only, no priority
Serving cell Chained Cell

Parameters hoThresholdLevforRapidFieldDrop hoThresholdRapidLevU1N chainedAdjacentCell

Values -110 -47 dBm 0 32 Y/N

BSS PARAMETERS
JJOlivarez

HANDOVER PROCESS :
Traffic Reason Handover :
MSC Controlled Traffic Reason HO MSC may request BSC to perform a specific number of HOs form one specified cell. RXLEV_DL (n) > rxLevMinCell and trhoTargetLevel( -109 -47, N). BSC Initiated Traffic Reason HO (AMH) AMH concept provides the tools needed to relieve the load of the congested cells and smooth out the load over the network Dynamically changes the Power Budget margins and thus, directs the MSs hanging around in the cell border to less loaded Adjacent cells Triggered when traffic load of the serving cell > AmhUpperLoadThreshold, and AmhTrhpPbgtMargin is used instead of HoMarginPBGT

BSS PARAMETERS
JJOlivarez

THE END :

BSS PARAMETERS
JJOlivarez