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BJ Services

Acidizing Treatment
Fluid Design

Acidizing Treatment Fluid Design

The Main Problems:-

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.

Corrosion of Tubulars Iron Precipitation Changes in Relative Permeability Emulsions Sludges Formation Water Incompatibility Fines Asphaltenes and Paraffins Problem Formations

Acidizing Treatment Fluid Design

1.

Corrosion of Tubulars The Problem:Corrosion of steel tubulars by HCl, HF and organic acids whilst they are downhole.

Acidizing Treatment Fluid Design

1.

Corrosion of Tubulars

The Solution:Use Corrosion Inhibitors and Inhibitor Intensifiers in the acid. Inhibitors greatly reduce corrosion rate.

Acidizing Treatment Fluid Design

Corrosion Inhibitors

We Need to Know:Temperature Acid Blend (strength and type) Job Type (coil tubing?) Completion Type (N80, Chrome etc) H2S? Other Additives in Acid

Acidizing Treatment Fluid Design

Corrosion Inhibitors

Inhibitors: CI-25, CI-27 CI-30


Intensifiers: Hy-Temp O Hy-Temp I Hy-Temp 400

General Purpose High Temperature

Acidizing Treatment Fluid Design

2.

Iron Precipitation

The Problem:The precipitation of Iron Hydroxides and Iron Sulphide.

The Solution:Iron Reducing Agents, Iron Chelating Agents and pH Control Additives.

Acidizing Treatment Fluid Design

Iron Precipitation We Need to Know:Temperature Acid Blend (strength and type) H2S? Other Additives in Acid Condition of Tubulars Iron Compounds in Formation

Acidizing Treatment Fluid Design

Iron Precipitation FeCl3 causes precipitates if pH > 2.5 FeCl2 causes precipitates if pH > 4.5 and if H2S is present FeS precipitates if pH > 1.9

Acidizing Treatment Fluid Design

Iron Precipitation

So, Either Keep the pH < 1.9 or Reduce the Fe(III) to Fe(II) and Keep the pH < 4.5 or Chelate the Iron into Soluble Complexes

Acidizing Treatment Fluid Design

Iron Precipitation

pH Control Additives: SAPP, Acetic Acid Reducing Agents: Ferrotrol-200, -210 Chelating Agents: Ferrotrol-300, -800, -810, -900, -1000

Acidizing Treatment Fluid Design

3.

Changes in Relative Permeability

The Problem:Changes in the wettability of the formation.


The Solution:Use of surfactants.

Acidizing Treatment Fluid Design

Changes in Relative Permeability We Need to Know:Temperature Acid Blend (strength and type) Other Additives in Acid Formation Mineralogy Formation Fluids

Acidizing Treatment Fluid Design

Changes in Relative Permeability

BJs products help keep the formation water wet, and reduce surface tension. Flo-Back 20, 30 Inflo-100, -150

Acidizing Treatment Fluid Design

4.

Emulsions

The Problem:Formation of thick, pore blocking emulsions by interaction of formation and acid. The Solution:Use of surfactants.

Acidizing Treatment Fluid Design

Emulsions We Need to Know:Temperature Acid Blend (strength and type) Other Additives in Acid Formation Fluids We Also Need:Samples of All Formation Fluids

Acidizing Treatment Fluid Design

Emulsions

BJ Products:Inflo-100 NE-2A, -32, 940 BJ Services has a very wide range of surfactant products.

Acidizing Treatment Fluid Design

5.

Sludges

The Problem:Formation of sludges by action of heavy oils with acid blends, in the presence of Fe3+ ions.
The Solution:Use of anti-sludging agents, iron reducing agents.

Acidizing Treatment Fluid Design

Sludges We Need to Know:Temperature Acid Blend (strength and type) Other Additives in Acid Formation Fluids We Also Need:Samples of All Formation Fluids

Acidizing Treatment Fluid Design

Sludges Anti-Sludging Agents:NE-13, -32 AS-3, -7 Iron Reducing Agents:Ferrotrol-200, -210

Acidizing Treatment Fluid Design

6.

Formation Water Incompatibility The Problem:Formation of precipitates due to brines and acid incompatibility The Solution:Testing of formation water

Acidizing Treatment Fluid Design

Formation Water Incompatibility We Need to Know:Temperature Acid Blend (strength and type) Other Additives in Acid We Also Need:Sample of Formation Water

Acidizing Treatment Fluid Design

7.

Fines

The Problem:Formation of fine insoluble particles

The Solution:Accurate knowledge of formation mineralogy, fines suspending agents.

Acidizing Treatment Fluid Design

Fines
We Need to Know:Temperature Acid Blend (strength and type) Other Additives in Acid Formation Mineralogy

Acidizing Treatment Fluid Design

Fines Fines Suspending Agents:LT-21 NE-38

Acidizing Treatment Fluid Design

8.

Asphaltenes and Paraffins

The Problem:Asphaltene and paraffin deposits from oil production


The Solution:Solvent-acid blend

Acidizing Treatment Fluid Design

Asphaltenes and Paraffins We Need to Know:Temperature Acid Blend (strength and type) Other Additives in Acid We Also Need:Sample of Deposits

Acidizing Treatment Fluid Design

Asphaltenes and Paraffins Acid System:-

One Shot Acid Plus

Acidizing Treatment Fluid Design

9. 1.

Problem Formations Carbonate with High Quartz Content. Acidizing this formation can lead to the production of sand and fines.

Acidizing Treatment Fluid Design

9. 2.

Problem Formations Carbonate with High Iron content.

Increased tendency to produce iron hydroxide precipitates - acid will neutralise almost completely, giving a high pH.

Acidizing Treatment Fluid Design

Problem Formations 3. Soft Carbonate Formations. These formations will tend to deform after acid treatment, closing up wormholes and other areas of rock removal.

Acidizing Treatment Fluid Design

Problem Formations 4. Sandstones with High Carbonate Content. These formations will produce significant amounts of CaF2 solids when stimulated with HCl:HF.

Acidizing Treatment Fluid Design

Problem Formations

5.

Sandstones with High Clay Content.


Reduced penetration of live HCl:HF. Increased tendency to produce precipitates.

Acidizing Treatment Fluid Design

Problem Formations 6. Weak or Unconsolidated Sandstones Acidizing these formations will lead to the production of sand.

Acidizing Treatment Fluid Design

Core Flow Testing

Core Flow Testing is THE BEST WAY to ensure compatibility between the formation and the stimulation fluids. It can also be used to optimise the treatment and fluid design.

Acidizing Treatment Fluid Design

Summary

Most of the problems with acidizing can be countered if we know:1. 2. 3. 4. Temperature Formation Fluids Formation Mineralogy Completion

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