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The Presentation
The Cloud
Disruptive Innovations Problem Objectives Method Analysis & Results : Possible solutions Future: Planning & Implementation Conclusion
Problem
o o
An exploratory study To understand the Potential of present opportunity of Change Dynamics in ICT, here CC, for Information and knowledge Management particularly for Library and Information Professionals.
Objectives
To ascertain whether Professionals have begun seriously consider the changes C.C brings
Impact of C.C on Traditional services of Library & Information management visa-vis cost, speed etc
Method
The study
scanned by the author on the theme primarily from Emerald and Elsevier databases etc and some
The Cloud
Fuzzy,
Distant,
Diffuse
and
Immense
or
institution Hosting
major
Automation Component.
The Cloud
Marketing Term more than Technical One Highly Clustered and Distributed performance
to Maximize Performance with High tolerance for the Future of Individual Components
Desk to Cloud
Cloud computing
Grid computing
Client-server
Cloud Computing
History : Most prominent 2007
Definitions: Authors differ
Some Technical
Some Simple
Cloud Computing
of configurable computing resources (e.g. network, servers, storage, applications, and services) that can be rapidly provisioned
A Style of computing in which massively Scalable and Elastic IT enable Capabilities are delivered as a service to external customers using Internet technologies
(Gartner Group)
Others
Any server usage or software application you can access outside of your local server (Wolf, 2010)
An emerging architecture by which data and applications reside in cyberspace, allowing users to access them through any web-connected device (Murley, 2009)
The simplest and shortest definition a new technology model for IT services
(Goldner, 2011)
Argue !
Let us argue from the definitions and types:
affords for
Efficiency, Savings, Cooperation & Collaboration.
Example
Layers (3#4)
(1) Software as a service (SaaS), Application as a service (AaaS) (2) Hardware as a Service (HaaS) or Platform as a Service (PaaS),
&/or
and
Computing on Demand rather Resources allocated on Need Elastic Quality & Power of Computing Resources
(INCREASE @ Peak use LOWER on Scale down)
Ubiquitous Internet means uninterrupted access to data/application Library s media Collection, movies and video streams on your personal storage
continue
Disruptive Innovation
*A term coined by Clayton Christensen *A process by which a product or service takes root initially in simple applications at the Bottom of a market and then relentlessly Moves up market, eventually displacing Established Competitors.
Disruptive Innovation
Disruptive Power
(from Telegraphy to Telephone)
Technologies (of radical nature) often looked upon initially, with cynicism or dismissed - as useless inventions.
William Orton : (the president of Western Union.) Alexander Graham Bells telephone invention as an electric toy when his company declined inventors patent for US $ 100.000
The telephone eventually killed Telegraph and led to demise of Western Union
Online social Network was further catapulted into mass fame (2011) following Arab uprisings (resulted) Dictatorial regimes. fall of
Example
Potential to
Create other Business opportunities that didnt exist before consuming ICT ,both soft and Hard
The penetration of the cloud and Social Networking into IM lend support to this theory
The theory also suggests that it initially have performance problems---characteristics of DI. (loss of service by S. Networks etc)
o
o o
Data
Library services Digital library
o
o
Information services
Web services
OCLC survey
(March 2011)
5% have started CC (AmazonEC2; VMWare; Vcloud Express) 13% use CC as Stage and Backup (Dropboxetc)
Data silos
Many Eyes
Allows to upload data, enables to create visualizations for sharing / embedding.
Google Docs
Used to make data publicly available
Yahoo Pipes
Helps to create mashups through GUI
Twapper Keeper
Service to create archives of Twitter- comments of a particular weightage. (http://twapperkeeper.com)
Webometric Analyst
Application of APIs to create network diagrams----in webometrics
NodeXL
A virtualization &Networking tool/template in EXCEL 2007/10
Possible Solutions
o
Departmental Computing vs. Cloud Model (DC offers several advantages: responsibility and highest cost, personnel whereas Many factors Go in favor of CC)
Hosting Option Choices Many (Remote website Hosting; Server collocation; Dedicated server hosting ; Virtual Server Hosting-less Expensive
Infrastructure-as- a- Service(IaaS)
( TO
Data Storage in the Cloud Data Devices incredibly inexpensive and flexible.(USB Disk drives, Flash Drives) But Misplaced and inherently insecure. A Major Component of IaaS Example: Amazons: S3
Software-as-a- Service(SaaS) (Access to software Applications over the web rather than using individual instances on local workstation)
Multitenant Architecture (involves ability for a single instance of the Application shareable among many simultaneously)
Many & Most popular Productivity and Communication Applications (personal or Business use): Gmail and Google Docs.
Application Service Provider (asp) Not Recent (1990) Traditional Model (Client Server) Server Installed In Library/Organisation
ASP Client Server Same - server Reside In Data Centre/Client Access Server Through Internet
Provides Many Characteristics For Legacy Applicationsnot Specifically developed for Multitenant Access
LIBRARY PERSPECTIVE ---MOST APPILICATION BENEFITS OF SaaS
Provider Perspective more effort than SaaS One Instance VS All Organisational Users Subset of SaaS
Hence libraries Need to PLAN 4 the changes Associted with Major Shift
Swithching to an ILS delivered through SaaS Need More PLANNING Compared to Free Use of Services such as: Dropbox Or Google Apps
Consider costs (Best value offer local vs. cloud) Negotiate service level Agreements (Guarantees with services) ?
EX-libris(www.exlibrisgroup.com)
Alma (http://www.exlibrisgroup.com/categor/Almaoverview)(ExLibris Next Generation Library AutomationPlatform (2012)) Biblionix(http://www.biblionix.com) provides product called apollo to small public libraries through SaaS
Open Sorce Automation Systems (use IaaS/SaaS) LibLime Academic Koha using Amazon EC2
Merge of Dspace and Fedora Commons ie Common Governance Duraspace(http:// www.duraspace.org) DuraCloud (http://duracloud.org)(2011(pilot2009) to deliver flexble service for Storage, Long term preservation & Access in Digital repositories
iOCLC EMBRACES CLOUD From World Cat to World share Management Services
Determine the cost of library automation in the cloud Problem: Absence of price List for Software/Related services Some Factors: i) User Population ii) No of Personnel operating the Software; iii) Size of Collection iv) Modules /options selected.
Leverage the cloud for supplemental storage; (big data terabytes, petabytes,May be exabytes,zetta,yettabytes
use Google apps use cloud based e_mail on a large scale power a static website (use S3) power your dynamic website (use amazon EC2)
More:Research Use
Ex Libriss bX combines usage data from millions of researchers to create a scholarly recommender service. Ex Libris soon plans to offer Hot Articles, a free service employing bX data that shows what articles are trending in a particular subject.
http://www.thedigitalshift.com/2012/03/software/the-library-cloud-pros-and-cons/
More:Catalogue Application
CATALOGUE USE
More:Stacks Mapping
LIBRARY USE Stack Map shelf-mapping software is a new service that allows libraries
to show users a map of the books physical location in the library based
on a pre-recorded call number range. Unlike radio-frequency
identification (RFID) chips, which potentially allow for real-time search of a book via location tracking, this service is less dynamic but nonetheless useful.
Further:Web Collaboration
Web collaboration is only partially enabled by the underlying concept of cloud computing.
Wikis is one such service that exemplifies a Web tool or service enabling collaborative work and cloud computing.
A tool for collaborative website development is Google Sites. Google Sites (http://sites.google.com) is a content
Librarians can collaborate using the Web to work on online documents. This can be done through the use of Web services that permit online document collaboration and sharing. Google Docs includes traditional business programs (word processor, spreadsheet, and presentation software) used through a browser that connects to the data on Google's machines (Hosch, 2009). Google Docs is also described as a Web-based Document Management System for storage and management of a company's documents, such as word processing documents, presentations, and spreadsheets.
Today, search engines are considered the primary tools for the most important web services in cyberspace (Chuang and Wu, 2007).
This may be changing due to the new ideas of social search and social media search (Bradley, 2008; Scale, 2008), and
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This is possible with tools for building customized search engines like Google Custom Search Engine (GCSE). GCSE allows the builder to focus on selecting valuable content and tuning the ranking criteria, while Google does all the heavy lifting of crawling, indexing, ranking, and displaying results (Enge and Biundo, 2008). With Google doing the technical work, librarians can do what they are best at, the selection of quality content for the GCSE to index. Thus reference librarians and digital bibliographers can crank out their bookmarks and favorites and convert them into focused search engines.
Others include :
Blogs,
Social networking sites, and Social bookmarking sites.
Pros/Cons
SECURITY ISSUES
Neutral compared with Local Systems (same tools/ techniques for ensuring Security)
o
Pros/Cons
Reliability Issues
Large Sclae Providers (Amazon,Google & Rackspace base their services on Architecture to withstand failures
Pros/Cons
Large Scale Data
o Library is a growing Organism (Hence increasing Data)
Hold Large Terabytes/Petabytes of Content (SaaS) (S3) (vedio, scientific data,c ollections,d igitized Books, MSS)
BUT Cost Advantages between Local/Cloud Change dramatically (Exceeds to purchase Cost ?) TIME/COST OF BANDWITH; Hence presently Less viable for present cost
Pros/Cons
Environmental Issues
The Cloud Results in through:
o
Reduced
Environmental impact
Pros/Cons
Version control
to
Vendor
Pros/Cons
Flexible Environment For Library Developers CC provides Many Benefits: Avoid Maintenance of Local Computers for Development (procurement to maintenance like:
Replacement; Overheads; Time investment; Server purchase and set up. (IaaS EC2 can be done in minutes). Quite Expensive Service. for Projects within Threshold of Free
Conclusion
I.M/KM is entering a new era making significant
contribution to knowledge generation, creation and management helped by new thinking, tools and
Disruptive innovations web 2.0 and cloud computing Past technologies and approaches often proved expensive
FEEDBACK
THANKS
smshafi@kashmiruniversity.ac.in +91 9419008599