ROLE OF WATER CHEMISTERY IN POWER PLANT

Presentation prepared by Vijendra Kumar Meena ACT-2011

WATER TREATMENT PLANT AND FEATURES

Sources of water

Impurities in Water

ORGANICS

Suspended Form

Dissolved form

Colloidal form

COST

QUALITY
CORROSION Cl, SO4, TDS, Fe DISSOLVED GASES

AVAILIBILITY

PROBLEMS SCALING Ca, Mg, Fe SiO2, Al.., FOULING Fe, MUD, SS, MICROBIAL, ORGANICS

Raw water

Raw water

Exposing Water to Atmospheric air thereby oxidizing some of the dissolved salts. During aeration, two impurities viz. Ferrous Bicarbonate and Manganous Bicarbonate are oxidized as follows; Fe(HCO3) + O2 -- FeO(OH) + CO2 + H2O Mn(HCO3) + O2 -- MnO2(OH) + CO2 + H2O

Aeration

Raw water

Dosing Cl2 (disinfection, to control bacteria, virus & org. mat) Lime(pH adjustment, softening) alium(coagulant)

FINE PARTICLES , --VE CHARGE, REMAIN SUSPENDED

+ Al +
+ CHARGE NEUTRALISATION BY Al3+, COAGULATION

Raw water

Flash mixer

Clariflocculator

Flocculation zone

Clarification zone

Raw water

Clarified water

CLARIFLOCCULATOR
Chlorine Lime Flash Alum Mixer
Clarification

Flocculation

Clarified water to filters

Raw water

Water quality at Clarifier outlet Turbidity - <20 NTU Residual Chlorine

14th June 2007

pH -

- 5.5 to 8.0

Sludge settling pond

0.2 ppm
15

GF Bed Clarified water Sand filters

FW sump
Clari-flocculator Cl2 Cl2 House Postchlorination FW pumps Filtered water DM water for Plant purpose

DW sump

DW pumps

DM PLANT

To Township for drinking water Turbidity & Free Cl2 check

What is DM water ?
DM water defined as that water which does not contain any mineral or ions. It is also called De ionized water.

NEED FOR DEMINERALISATION:

Raw water contains various dissolved salts & suspended solids. For use as feed in boiler these are to be removed as they may get deposited in heat transfer zones thereby restricting heat transfer & may lead to corrosion also.

Processes ..
FW water ACF WAC
SAC

Degasser

WBA

SBA

MB

CST

Processes ..
FW water ACF WAC
SAC

Degasser

WBA

SBA

MB

CST

ACF

acts on principle of adsorption which is a surface active phenomenon It removes residual turbidity (<2 NTU) of water to its 1/10 level. It removes organic molecules to control colour and odour. It removes free residual chlorine present in filtered water(0.5 ppm Nil)

Processes ..
FW water ACF WAC SAC

Degasser

WBA

SBA

MB

CST

WAC resin is capable to exchange cations of alkalinity producing salts only ie, for carbonate hardness removal purpose. 2 R-COOH + Ca(HCO3)2 (RCOO)2Ca2+ 2 H2CO3 WAC resin can exchange ions only in neutral to alkaline pH range. WAC results efficient TDS reduction in high carbonate hardness water. Efficient regeneration takes place even with very dilute acid solution.

Processes ..
FW water ACF WAC
SAC

Degasser

WBA

SBA

MB

CST

SAC resin works over wide pH range & is capable to exchange any type of cations present in salts as sulphonic acid group is strongly acidic. 2 R-SO3-H+ + CaCl2 (RSO3)2Ca2+ 2 (H+ + Cl- )

Processes ..
FW water ACF WAC
SAC

Degasser

WBA

SBA

MB

CST

Water from the ex-cation contains carbonic acid which is very weak acid and difficult to be removed by strongly basic anion resin and causing hindrance to remove silicate ions from the bed. The ex-cation water is trickled in fine streams from top of a tall tower packed with rasching rings, and compressed air is passed from the bottom Carbonic acid break into CO^ and water. carbon dioxide escapes into the atmosphere. Water is pumped back to anion exchanger bed

Processes ..
FW water ACF WAC
SAC

Degasser

WBA

SBA

MB

CST

Weak anion resins derive their functionality from primary (RNH2),secondary(R-NHR)& tertiary amine (R3N)groups. The weak weak-base anion resins remove free minerals acidity(FMA) such as HCl & H2SO4 but doesnt remove weakly ionized acids such silicic acid and bicarbonates

Processes ..
FW water ACF WAC
SAC

Degasser

WBA

SBA

MB

CST

The Strong base anion resins derived their functionality from quaternary ammonium exchange sites.These are capable of exchanging anions like Cl,HCO3-,Silica.

Processes ..
FW water ACF WAC
SAC

Degasser

WBA

SBA

MB

CST

ex-anion water is fed to the mixed bed exchanger containing both cationic resin and anionic resin. This bed not only takes care of sodium slip from cation but also silica slip from anion exchanger very effectively The final output from the mixed bed is an extira-ordinarily pure water having less than 0.2/Mho conductivity, H 7.0 and silica content less than 0.02 ppm.

Why DM water cant be used directly in boiler?

- Principle says if water is acidic Corrosive. - Principle say if water is alkaline Scale forming. As DM water (also called as hungry water) is having no salt, when it comes in contact with metal surface attacks the metal.

EFFECTS OF SILICA

Silica has high partition coefficient, so it has tendency to deposit from steam onto turbine. Silica can deposit on turbine blades specially on LP turbine, which can lead to significant loss of output.

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