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Ka
Expressions similar to the equilibrium constant expression can
also be written for acids, bases, water, & things that dissolve
(solubility product).
Weak acids exist in equilibrium.
An ionization constant, Ka,
Ka can be written to show how much
the weak acids are ionized.
EX: acetic acid
HC2H3O2(aq) + H2O(l) H3O+(aq)+C2H3O2- (aq)
Ka= [H3O+][C2H3O2- ] (pure H2O left out)
[HC2H3O2]
You try it!
Write the acid equilibrium expression, Ka, for
the acid HC3H5O3.
HC3H5O3 (aq) + H2O (l) C3H5O3- + H3O+
Ka = [C3H5O3-]
[H3O+]
If the [HC3H5O3] is 0.750 M and the [C3H5O3-]
is the same as [H3O+] and the pH is 3.38,
calculate the Ka. 10-pH = [H3O+] = 10-3.38 = 4.17 x 10-
[B]
Calculate Kb
NH3 is a weak base with a Kb of 1.8 x 10-5.
Write the base equilibrium expression Kb.
NH3 (aq) + H2O (l) NH4+ (aq) + OH- (aq)
Kb = [NH4+] [OH-]
[NH3 ]
If [OH-] and [NH4+] are both 0.01, calculate the
[NH3] at equilibrium.
HNO2 is acid,
NO2- is conjugate
Example of a Buffer: HF/F-
HF (aq) + H2O (l) F- (aq) + H3O+(aq)
4.0 x 10-8
Your Turn!
The pH of a 0.400 M solution of iodic acid, HIO3
is 0.726 at 25 C. What is the Ka at this
temperature?
HIO3(aq) + H2O(l) H3O+(aq) + IO3-1(aq)
pH = -log[H3O+]
pH = -log[H3O+ ]
[HClO] [0.150]
Ka = 5.3 x 10-9 M
Last One!
The compound propylamine, CH3CH2CH2NH2,
is a weak base. At equilibrium, a 0.039 M
solution of propylamine has an OH-
concentration of 3.74 x 10-3M. Calculate the
pH of this solution and Kb for propylamine.
CH3CH2CH2NH2 + H2O(l) CH3CH2CH2NH3+ + OH-
Kb = [CH3CH2CH2NH3+][OH–1] = [3.74 x 10-3]2=
CH3CH2CH2NH2 [0.039]
Kb = 3.59 x 10-4 M
pOH = -log 3.74 x 10-3 M pOH = 2.42
pH = 14-2.42 pH = 11.58
Trivia TIME!
What are the only two letter that do not
appear in any postal abbreviations of
states in the US?
B+Q