Avogadro's Hypothesis

• Avogadro's Hypothesis – Equal volumes

of gases at the same temperature and
pressure contain equal numbers of
particles.
– 1 mole of any gas @ STP has 6.02 x
1023molecules
– 22.4 L = 1 mole @ STP
V1 = V2
n1 n2
Where V = volume and n = moles
 Sample Problem -
Avogadro
• A student placed 4.2 moles of a gas in a
container, measuring the volume to be
1.25 L. The student then added more
gas particles increasing the number of
moles to 8.6. What is the new volume
of the gas?
V1 = V2
n1 n2
1.25 = V2
4.2 8.6
V2 = 2.6 Liters
 Gay-Lussac’s Law of
Combining Gases
• If temperature & pressure are
constant,
constant the volumes of gases can be
given as small, whole # ratios.
– Coefficients in balanced equations can be
used to figure out the relationships between
liters of gas.
• 2H2 + O2  2H2O
• 1 L of O2 will combine with 2L of H2 to
make 2L of H2O.
 Graham’s Law
• Graham’s Law of Effusion: Gases
at the same temperature &
pressure have rates of effusion
inversely proportional to the
square roots of their molar
masses.
• Bigger gas molecules move
slower through openings based on
mass.
 Ideal Gas Law
• Ideal Gas Law – Describes the behavior
of an ideal gas.
PV = nRT
P = Pressure ( in atmospheres usually)
V = volume (in Liters)
n = moles
R = 0.0821 L atm/mole K
OR 8.31 kPa L/mol K
T = Temperature (in Kelvin)
 Sample Problem - Ideal
• How many moles of oxygen will occupy
a volume of 2.5 Liters at 1.2 atm and 25
°C?
– n=?
– V = 2.5 L
– P = 1.2 atm
– T = 298 K (273.15 + 25)
– R = 0.0821 L atm/mole K
PV = nRT
(1.2)(2.5) = n (0.0821)(298)
n= (1.2)(2.5) = 0.12 moles
(0.0821)(298)
 Your Turn!
• How many liters of hydrogen will occupy
a container of 6.32 moles of gas at 2.45
atm and 53.0 °C?
– n= 6.32
– V=?
– P = 2.45 atm
– T = 326.15 K (273.15 + 53)
– R = 0.0821 L atm/mole K
PV = nRT
(2.45)V = (6.32)(0.0821)(326.15)
V = (6.32)(0.0821)(326.15) = 69.1
Liters
 Another One!
• How many moles of C2H4 are in a 15.0 L
tank at 4.40 atm and 305 K?
•n=?
• P = 4.40 atm
• V=15.0 L
• T= 305 K
• R= 0.0821 L atm/mol K
• PV=nRT so n= PV/RT
• (4.40)(15.0) = 2.63 moles
(0.0821)(305)
 Same Problem…different
Question
• What is the density of C2H4 ?
(D=m/v)

2.63 moles 28.06 g = 73.80 g

1 1 mole
Density = 73.80 grams = 4.92
g/L
15.0 L
 Check it Out!
• Find the molar mass of an
unknown gas that has a density of
2.58 g/L at STP?
2.58 g 22.4 L = 57.8 g/mole
1L 1 mole
 Last One!
• How many moles/liter of a gas at 3.5
kPa will you have at 27 °C?
PV = nRT or n = P
V RT
3.5 kPa = 0.0014 mol/L
(300)(8.3)
• If this substance is C2H4, what is its
density?
0.00141 mol 28.02 g = 0.039 g/L
1L 1 mole
Which of the 50 states has never had an
earthquake??

North Dakota