Oea000050 Lte-Tdd System Overview Issue 1.00

LTE-TDD System Overview
www.huawei.com
Copyright 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Contents
1. Network Architecture 2. LTE Key Technology 3. LTE Air Interface 4. Technical Comparison Between LTE-TDD and LTE-FDD
5. LTE Deployment
Page2
Contents
5. LTE Deployment
Contents
1 Network Architecture 1.1 Evolution of Cellular Networks 1.2 3GPP Releases 1.3 E-UTRAN Network Architecture and protocol structure
Evolution of Cellular Networks
1G (First Generation)
2G (Second Generation)
3G (Third Generation)
4G (Fourth Generation)
First Generation Mobile Systems

AMPS (Advanced Mobile Telephone System) TACS (Total Access Communications System) ETACS (Extended Total Access Communications System)
Page6
Second Generation Mobile Systems

2G (Second Generation)
GSM
Other
cdmaOne (IS-95)
D-AM PS (IS-136)
Page7
2.5G and 2.75G GSM/GPRS Systems

System 2G GSM 2.5G GPRS 2.75G EDGE Service Circuit Switched Data Service Packet Switched Data Packet Switched Data Theoretical Data Rate 9.6kbit/s or 14.4kbit/s 171.2kbit/s 473.6kbit/s Typical Data Rate 9.6kbit/s or 14.4kbit/s 4kbit/s to 50kbit/s 120kbit/s
Page8
Third Generation Mobile Systems

3G (Third Generation)
UM TS W-CDM A
Other
UM TS TD-CDM A
CDM A2000
TD-SCDM A
Page9
Fourth Generation Mobile Systems

Key IMT Advanced Features A high degree of commonality of functionality worldwide while retaining the flexibility to support a wide range of services and applications in a cost efficient manner. Compatibility of services within IMT and with fixed networks. Capability of interworking with other radio access systems. High quality mobile services. User equipment suitable for worldwide use. User-friendly applications, services and equipment. Worldwide roaming capability. Enhanced peak data rates to support advanced services and applications (100Mbit/s for high and 1Gbit/s for low mobility were identified as targets).
Fourth Generation Mobile Systems

4G (Fourth Generation)
LTE Advanced
UM B (EV-DO Rev C)
WiM AX 802.16m
Contents
3GPP Releases
Phase 2+ (Release 97) GPRS 171.2kbit/s
Release 99 UMTS 2Mbit/s Release 6 HSUPA 5.76Mbit/s Release 8 LTE +300Mbit/s
Release 9/10 LTE Advanced
GSM 9.6kbit/s Phase 1
EDGE 473.6kbit/s Release 99
HSDPA 14.4Mbit/s Release 5
HSPA+ 28.8Mbit/s 42Mbit/s Release 7/8
LTE Protocol Roadmap

SAE Rel 8 (Approval) SAE Rel 8 (Functionally Freezing) SAE Rel 8 Enhancement and Improvement
LTE Rel8 (Approval)
LTE Rel8 (Functionally Freezing )
LTE Rel8 (Enhancement and Improvement )
2008

2009
2010
3GPP Rel8 was functional freezing in March 2009 LTE FDD and LTE TDD keep the same schedule
Page16
LTE Evolution
WCDMA HSDPA
HSDPA HSUPA
HSPA+
LTE FDD
GSM EDGE
GSM GERAN TD-HSPA+
LTE Advanced
LTE TDD1
TD-SCDMA
TD-HSDPA
TD-HSUPA
LTE TDD
LTE TDD2
cdma2000 1x
EV-DO Rel. 0
D0 Rel. A
Do Rev B (Multi Carrier DO)
Page17
Contents
LTE/SAE Architecture
SAE
SGSN
Gb
EPS (Evolved Packet System)

Control plane User plane
GPRS
BTS
BSC/PCU
Iu S3 S6d S6a
HSS
PCRF
S9
S10
UMTS
NodeB
RNC
S1-MME
MME
S12 S11
S4 Gx S5/8
Operator Service Network
E-UTRAN
S1-U
SGi
Internet
eNodeB
A10/A11
Serving GW
S2b
PDN GW
cdma2000
BTS
BSC
PDSN
Corporate Internet
Page19
E-UTRAN Interfaces and Protocols

E-UTRAN Uu S1-MME S1-MME S1-U MME EPC
eNB
X2
S1-U
eNB
S-GW
Uu Interface
Uu UE eNB
User Plane IP PDCP RLC MAC PHY
Control Plane RRC PDCP RLC MAC PHY
X2 Interface
X2 eNB eNB
Control Plane X2AP SCTP IP Layer 2 Layer 1
User Plane GTP-U UDP IP Layer 2 Layer 1
S1 Interface
S1-MME eNB Control Plane S1AP SCTP IP Layer 2 Layer 1 MME
S1-U eNB User Plane GTP-U UDP IP Layer 2 Layer 1 S-GW
Questions
Which release of the 3GPP specifications includes the initial release of LTE?
a. Release 6. b. Release 7. c. Release 8. d. Release 9.
Questions
Which network elements form part of the E-UTRAN?

a. UE. b. eNB. c. MME. d. S-GW. e. PDN-GW. f. HSS.
Questions
Which interface links the eNB to the MME?

a. Uu. b. S1. c. X2 d. S5.
Contents
5. LTE Deployment
Contents
2 LTE Key Technology 2.1 Downlink OFDMA 2.2 Uplink SC_FDMA 2.3 MIMO
2.4 Higher-Order Modulation

2.5 HARQ 2.6 SON
Page30
Frequency Division Multiplexing

Guard Band Subcarrier
Frequency Channel Bandwidth
Page31
OFDM Subcarriers
Orthogonal Subcarriers
Centre Subcarrier Not Orthogonal
Frequency Channel Bandwidth
Page32
Inverse Fast Fourier Transform

Subcarrier Modulation
Inverse Fast Fourier Transform
Coded Bits
Serial to Parallel
IFFT
RF
Complex Waveform
Page33
Fast Fourier Transform

Subcarrier Demodulation
Fast Fourier Transform
Parallel Coded to Bits Serial
Receiver
FFT
Page34
LTE Channel and FFT Sizes

Channel Bandwidth 1.4MHz 3MHz 5MHz 10MHz 15MHz 20MHz FFT Size Subcarrier Bandwidth Sampling Rate
128 256 512 15kHz 1024 1536 2048
1.92MHz 3.84MHz 7.68MHz 15.36MHz 23.04MHz 30.72MHz
Page35
OFDM Symbol Mapping

Modulated OFDM Symbol Amplitude Cyclic Prefix Time
Frequency OFDM Symbol
Page36
Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access

Power Time
OFDM A Each user allocated a different resource which can vary in time and frequency.
Frequency
Page37
OFDM Peak to Average Power Ratio

PAPR (Peak to Average Power Ratio) Issue
Amplitude OFDM Symbol
Time
Page38
Time Domain Interference

Energy
Delay Spread
Time
Page39
Inter Symbol Interference

1st Received Signal
Delayed Signal
Interference Caused
Page40
Cyclic Prefix
Frequency CP CP CP CP CP CP CP CP CP CP CP CP Time
Symbol Period T(s)
Cyclic Prefix
Bit Period T(b)
T(g)
Symbol Period T(s)
Page41
OFDMA Features
Benefit
High frequency spectrum efficiency
CP is used to resist multi-paths interference

Easy channel estimation and balance Be good at resist frequency selection fading
Disadvantage
Be sensitive to frequency tolerance Doppler shift impacts subcarrier orthogonality High PAPR ( Peak Average Power Ratio) , affect the efficiency of PA
Page42
Contents

2.5 HARQ 2.6 SON
Page43
SC-FDMA Subcarrier Mapping Concept

Time Domain Frequency Domain
0 0 0 0
Time Domain
Symbols
DFT
Subcarrier Mapping
0 0 0
IDFT
CP Insertion
Page44
SC-FDMA Signal Generation

N symbols sequence produces N subcarriers First N Symbols DFT Modulated and Coded Symbols Second N Symbols DFT DFT Output
Different input sequence produces different output
Page45
SC-FDMA and the eNB

Time
IDFT Second N Symbols
Power Cyclic Prefix

IDFT First N Symbols
N Subcarriers
Page46
SC-FDMA Features
Benefit
Low sensitivity to carrier frequency offset Low PAPR Increase the efficiency of PA Increased coverage for power-limited terminal
Disadvantage
Frequency efficiency is lower than OFDM in DL
Page47
SC-FDMA Verses OFDMA
Feature Low PAPR Performance Uplink MIMO
SC-FDMA Y X X
OFDMA X Y Y
Page48
Contents

2.5 HARQ 2.6 SON
Page49
SU-MIMO and MU-MIMO

Increases capacity since a single user benefits from multiple data streams.
SU-MIMO
MU-MIMO
eNB
eNB Increases sector capacity by allowing users to share streams.
UE UE
UE
Page50
Spatial Multiplexing MIMO
2x2 SM (Spatial Multiplexing) TB MIMO TB Port 1 UE TB eNB Port 0 TB
Page51
Spatial Multiplexing Interference Issues

Interference causes twice as may errors TB MIMO TB Port 1 Interference UE TB eNB Port 0 TB
Page52
MIMO Space Time Coding Concept

Increased Robustness eNB Port 0 MIMO Port 1 3 6 5 2 1 4 Interference UE TB Still Recoverable 1 2 3 4 5 6 TB
Form of STC TB 1 2 3 4 5 6
Page53
Adaptive MIMO Switching

Spatial Multiplexing
Efficiency
AMS Point
Space Time Coding
eNB UE
Low SNR High SNR
Page54
Contents

2.5 HARQ 2.6 SON
Page55
Higher-Order Modulation
64QAM allows more bits per Symbol to be transmitted
Higher peak rate achieved in good channel condition
Page56
Higher-Order Modulation
Benefits
Provide higher-data-rate services
Significantly improve the system throughput

Improve users experience
Features
6 information bits can be modulated by one symbol Large transport blocks supported Used with excellent channel condition
Page57
Contents

2.5 HARQ 2.6 SON
Page58
HARQ
FEC
HARQ
+
ARQ
Page59
Contents

2.5 HARQ 2.6 SON
Page60
SON Overview

SON: Self Organization Network Main Functions:
Self configuration ANR (Automatic Neighbor Reuse) MRO (Mobility Robust Optimization)
Page61
Questions
LTE supports which FTT sizes?

a. 64. b. 128. c. 256. d. 512. i. 4048. e. 1024. f. 1536. g. 2048. h. 3072.
Page62
Questions
True / False. A cyclic prefix is used to combat multipath delays.

a. True. b. False.
Page63
Questions
How many symbols are there in a slot when a normal CP is used?

a. 5. b. 6. c. 7. d. 8.
Page64
Questions
True / False. Spatial multiplexing is a technique used in MIMO.

a. True. b. False.
Page65
Contents
5. LTE Deployment
Page66
Contents
3 LTE Air Interface Principles 3.1 LTE Channel Structures 3.2 LTE Frame Structure
Page67
LTE Channels
Logical Channels
Transport Channels
Physical Channels
Radio Channels
Page68
Logical Channels
Logical Channels RLC MAC PHY Physical Channels
Transport Channels
Radio Channel
Page69
Control Logical Channels

System Information Messages BCCH PCCH
UE
Paging Devices
eNB
Page70
CCCH and DCCH Signaling

SRB 0 SRB 0 SRB 1 UE SRB 2 CCCH CCCH DCCH DCCH eNB Low Priority NAS Signaling
Page71
Traffic Logical Channels
DRB UE
DTCH Carries AM or UM RLC Traffic eNB
Page72
LTE Release 8 Transport Channels

BCH PCH DL-SCH UE RACH UL-SCH eNB
Page73
Downlink Physical Channels

PBCH (Physical Broadcast Channel) PCFICH (Physical Control Format Indicator Channel) PDCCH (Physical Downlink Control Channel) PHICH (Physical Hybrid ARQ Indicator Channel)
PDSCH (Physical Downlink Shared Channel)
Page74
Uplink Physical Channels

PRACH (Physical Random Access Channel) PUCCH (Physical Uplink Control Channel) PUSCH (Physical Uplink Shared Channel)
Page75
Radio Channels
Radio Channel
TDD
eNB
FDD UE
Radio Channel UE
Page76
Downlink Channel Mapping

NAS Layer ESM EMM IP RRC Layer RRC Integrity ROHC
PDCP Layer
Ciphering Ciphering
RLC Layer
TM
TM
TM
UM/AM
UM/AM
Logical Channels M AC Layer Transport Channels Physical Layer Physical Channels
BCCH
PCCH
CCCH
DCCH
DTCH
BCH
PCH
DL-SCH
PBCH
PCFICH
PHICH
PDCCH
PDSCH
Page77
Uplink Channel Mapping

NAS Layer ESM EMM IP RRC Layer RRC Integrity ROHC Ciphering
PDCP Layer
Ciphering
RLC Layer
TM
UM/ AM
UM/ AM
Logical Channels MAC Layer Transport Channels
CCCH
DCCH
DTCH
RACH
UL-SCH
Physical Layer
Physical PRACH PUCCH Channels
PUSCH
Page78
Contents
3 LTE Air Interface Principles 3.1 LTE Channel Structures 3.2 LTE Frame Structure
Page79
Frame Structure
Frame Structure
Type 1: FDD frame
Type 2: TDD frame
Page80
Transmission Modes Frequency Division Duplex

Channel Bandwidth Channel Bandwidth Frequency
Uplink Duplex Spacing
Downlink
Page81
Transmission Modes Time Division Duplex

Downlink and Uplink
Asymmetric Allocation
TDD
Frequency
Downlink TDD Frame
Uplink
Downlink TDD Frame
Uplink
Time
Page82
FDD Frame
Slot (0.5ms) Tslot = 15360 x Ts
4 5 6 7 8 9
Subframe (1ms)
10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19
Radio Frame Tf = 307200 x Ts = 10ms Ts = 1/(15000x2048) = 32.552083ns
Normal CP
Extended CP
Page83
TDD Frame
Special Subframe GP (Guard Period) DwPTS (Downlink Pilot Time Slot) 3 4 5 UpPTS (Uplink Pilot Time Slot) 7 8 9
Type 2 Radio Frame Tf = 307200 x Ts = 10ms
In one TDD frame it contains one or two special subframes, which can be
divided into 3 parts:
DwPTSDL pilot slot UpPTS: UL pilot slot GP: Guard protect slot
Page84
Special Subframe DwPTS & UpPTS

1ms 1ms
14 OFDM symbols
3ms
1ms
1ms
2ms
1ms
10
Special-subframe configuration 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
DwPTS 3 9 10 11 12 3 9 10 11
GP 10 4 3 2 1 9 3 2 1
UpPTS 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2
Page85
Special Subframe GP
Guarantee that uplink signals from different UEs which are far away
from the eNBs antenna are aligned on the air interface of eNodeB
Provide an uplink-and-downlink conversion time (There is a very short conversion time Tud (less than 20 s) in the conversion from the uplink to the downlink of eNodeB)
The length of GP determines the eNBs cell radius. The maximum cell radius supported by LTE-TDD is 100 km
Avoid uplink/downlink interference between eNodeBs

Page86
Adjustable Subframe Configuration for LTE-TDD

Confi gurat
100 90 80
Throughput(%)
Switchpoint periodi city 0 1 2 3
Subframe number 4 5 6 7 8 9
90 70 50 50 30 10 DL UL
ion
70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Download Video Call
0 1 2 3 4
5 ms 5 ms 5 ms 10 ms 10 ms
D D D D D
S S S S S
U U U U U
U U D U U
U D D U D
D D D D D
S S S D D
U U U D D
U U D D D
U D D D D
Online Game
5
6
10 ms
5 ms
D
D
S
S
U
U
D
U
D
U
D
D
D
S
D
U
D
U
D
D
Page87
Questions
Which of the following are downlink transport channels?

a. BCH. b. PCH. c. RACH. d. UL-SCH. e. DL-SCH.
Contents
1. Network Architecture 2. LTE Key Technology 3. LTE Air Interface 4. Technical Comparison Between LTE-TDD and LTE-
FDD
5. LTE Deployment
Page89
Similar technologies Between LTETDD and LTE-FDD

Item
Scalable bandwidth configuration Multiple access scheme
LTE-TDD
1.4 MHz, 3 MHz, 5 MHz, 10 MHz, 15 MHz, and 20 MHz DL: OFDM UL: SC-FDMA Convolutional code and
LTE-FDD
1.4 MHz, 3 MHz, 5 MHz, 10 MHz,15 MHz, and 20MHz DL: OFDM UL: SC-FDMA
Coding scheme Modulation scheme
turbo code QPSK, 16QAM, and 64QAM Combination of open-loop power control and closed-
Convolutional code and turbo code QPSK, 16QAM, and 64QAM
Combination of open-loop power control and closed-loop power control Supported Supported
Page90
Power control scheme AMC Congestion control
loop power control Supported Supported
Different Technologies Between LTETDD and LTE-FDD

Item
Duplex mode Frame structure
LTE-TDD
TDD Type 2 According to different UL-DL subframe configuration,
LTE-FDD
FDD Type 1
Uplink and downlink subframe configuration
the number of subframes allocated to uplink and downlink can be adjusted flexibility The number of processes and the delay vary with the proportions of subframes configured for the
All subframes can be allocated only for the uplink or downlink
HARQ process
uplink and downlink Supported (exchangeability based on uplink and
The number of processes and delay are fixed Not supported (no exchangeability based on uplink and downlink channels) Mode 16 are supported. When different spectrum are used , the guard bandwidth can avoid the interference, while
Beamforming MIMO Mode
downlink channel) Modes 18 are supported
Strict synchronization is required in the whole Network Interference network
using the same spectrum among the adjacent cells,synchronization requirement is not strict
Page91
Different Operating Bands

E-UTRA Band
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Uplink
1920MHz1980MHz 1850MHz1910MHz 1710MHz1785MHz 1710MHz1755MHz 824MHz849MHz 830MHz840MHz 2500MHz2570MHz 880MHz915MHz 1749.9MHz1784.9MHz
Downlink
2110MHz2170MHz 1930MHz1990MHz 1805MHz1880MHz 2110MHz2155MHz 869MHz894MHz 875MHz885MHz 2620MHz2690MHz 925MHz960MHz 1844.9MHz1879.9MHz
Duplex Mode
FDD FDD FDD FDD FDD FDD FDD FDD FDD
10
11 12 13 14 17
1710MHz1770MHz
1427.9MHz1452.9MHz 698MHz716MHz 777MHz787MHz 788MHz798MHz 704MHz716MHz
2110MHz2170MHz
1475.9MHz1500.9MHz 728MHz746MHz 746MHz756MHz 758MHz768MHz 734MHz746MHz
FDD
FDD FDD FDD FDD FDD
Page92
Different Operating Bands

E-UTRA Band
33
34 35 36 37 38 39 40
Uplink
1900 MHz 1920 MHz
2010 MHz 2025 MHz 1850 MHz 1910 MHz 1930 MHz 1990 MHz 1910 MHz 1930 MHz 2570 MHz 2620 MHz 1880 MHz 1920 MHz 2300 MHz 2400 MHz
Downlink
1900 MHz 1920 MHz
2010 MHz 2025 MHz 1850 MHz 1910 MHz 1930 MHz 1990 MHz 1910 MHz 1930 MHz 2570 MHz 2620 MHz 1880 MHz 1920 MHz 2300 MHz 2400 MHz
Duplex Mode
TDD
TDD TDD TDD TDD TDD TDD TDD
Page93
Networking Comparison
The networking differences mainly lie in network planning:
LTE-FDD: Only frequency planning is involved and frequency planning is completed in combination with ICIC
LTE-TDD: Frequency planning and timeslot planning are involved. Frequency planning is completed in combination with ICIC, while timeslot planning is completed in consideration of the service distribution and interference isolation
Page94
Networking Modes of LTE-TDD:
Thare are two networking modes of LTE-TDD:
Intra-frequency networking:
All cells in the whole network use the same frequency
Inter-frequency networking:
No sub-carrier collision can happen between adjacent cells of one eNodeB
Intra-frequency networking
Inter-frequency networking
Page95
Contents
5. LTE Deployment
Page96
Frequency Bands Issued

Finland 1800MHz (04-2009), 2.6GHz (12-2009) Sweden [1] 2.6GHz (Q1-2008) USA [5] 700MHz auction 73 (03-2008) Norway 2.6GHz (11-2007) Europe 800M/2.6GHz (~2010) Japan 1.5GHz, 1800MHz, 2.1GHz [2] (06-2009) Hong-Kong [3] 2.6GHz (01-2009) Singapore 2.6GHz (2005) Saudi Arabia 2.6GHz (~2010)
Chile 2.6GHz (~2010)
New Zealand 2.6GHz
Page97
E2E Solutions
USN (Unified Serving Node) for MME
Distributed BTS
DBS3900
Macro BTS
Indoor Pico/Femto BTS3900
UGW (Unified packet Gateway) for SGW and PGW
Outdoor BTS3900A
Complete e-NodeB portfolio
Convergence SAE solution

Unified platform incl. TDM, IP, ATM Smooth evolution to all IP
USB Modem Test Prototype
PDA Phone
Router
2008
2009
2010
2011
Terminals
End-to-End transport solution

Page98
Application Highlights
E2E Security Security GW
FE/GE
Clock Sync Solution

IEEE 1588v2 FE/GE
Third Part IP Network
3 party
FE/GE GW
GPS/BITS
3Part IP Network
FE E1 (Sync) IP clock Client function
FE/GE
GW IP Clock 1000
IPSec
FE/GE
3 Party IP Network
IPSec
GPS/BITS FE/GE IEEE 1588v2 Over L3
3rd Party Network
FE/GE
GW
QoS guarantee
Uniform OM
End to End L2 VPN/ATM/CES End to End PWE3 End to End LSP
NB/eNB
RNC/SGW
IEEE 802.1ag/ITU Y.1731/draft-ietf-bfd-mpls-04.txt/IEEE 802.3ah
Page99
Application Scenario
Consecutive Coverage
eNodeB Solution
Marco BTS Outdoor Coverage
H S P A
DBS Outdoor Coverage

L T E
H S P A
Pico Indoor Coverage

W i M A X
Femto Family Applicaiton

H S P A
Module Design
L T E
R R R R R R F F F F F F U U U U U U
D O r A
L T E
RRU
H S P A
L T E
RRU
W i M A X
L T E
W i M A X
W i F i
BBU
BBU
BBU
BBU
RRU RRU
R F RFU U
Page100
Thank you
www.huawei.com

Oea000050 Lte-Tdd System Overview Issue 1.00

Caricato da

Informazioni sul documento

Titolo originale

Copyright

Formati disponibili

Condividi questo documento

Condividi o incorpora il documento

Opzioni di condivisione

Hai trovato utile questo documento?

Questo contenuto è inappropriato?

Copyright:

Formati disponibili

Oea000050 Lte-Tdd System Overview Issue 1.00

Caricato da

Copyright:

Formati disponibili

LTE-TDD System Overview

Copyright 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Copyright 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Copyright 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Copyright 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Evolution of Cellular Networks

Copyright 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

First Generation Mobile Systems

Copyright 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Second Generation Mobile Systems

Copyright 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

2.5G and 2.75G GSM/GPRS Systems

Copyright 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Third Generation Mobile Systems

Copyright 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Fourth Generation Mobile Systems

Copyright 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Fourth Generation Mobile Systems

Copyright 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Copyright 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Release 9/10 LTE Advanced

GSM 9.6kbit/s Phase 1

EDGE 473.6kbit/s Release 99

HSDPA 14.4Mbit/s Release 5

HSPA+ 28.8Mbit/s 42Mbit/s Release 7/8

Copyright 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

LTE Protocol Roadmap

LTE Rel8 (Approval)

LTE Rel8 (Functionally Freezing )

LTE Rel8 (Enhancement and Improvement )

Copyright 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

GSM GERAN TD-HSPA+

Do Rev B (Multi Carrier DO)

Copyright 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Copyright 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

EPS (Evolved Packet System)

Operator Service Network

Copyright 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

E-UTRAN Interfaces and Protocols

Copyright 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

User Plane IP PDCP RLC MAC PHY

Control Plane RRC PDCP RLC MAC PHY

Copyright 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Control Plane X2AP SCTP IP Layer 2 Layer 1

User Plane GTP-U UDP IP Layer 2 Layer 1

Copyright 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

S1-U eNB User Plane GTP-U UDP IP Layer 2 Layer 1 S-GW

Copyright 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Copyright 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Which network elements form part of the E-UTRAN?

Copyright 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Which interface links the eNB to the MME?

Copyright 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Copyright 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

2.4 Higher-Order Modulation

Copyright 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Frequency Division Multiplexing

Frequency Channel Bandwidth

Copyright 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Frequency Channel Bandwidth

Copyright 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Inverse Fast Fourier Transform

Inverse Fast Fourier Transform