Electrical Lighting & Cable Selection

D.K.Pathirana

Part 1
Finding required number of luminaries

Types of Electrical Lighting

Ambient lighting Task Lighting Accent lighting

Ambient lighting

Task lighting

Accent Lighting

Lumen(Luminous flux) [F]

The lumen is defined such that
At frequency of 5401012 hz, (i.e., at wavelength =555nm) 1 watt of radiant flux (power) will emit 683 lumens of light (luminous flux).

Illuminance (E)
Defined as the luminous flux (lumens) falling on a surface per unit area normal to the surface.
The unit of illuminance is the Lux

Luminaries

Required no. of Luminaries

E x Lx W N = _______________________ NL x x MF x UF x LLD
E= Required Illuminance (Lux level) L = Room length (m) W = Room width (m) NL = Number of lamps in each luminaries N = Number of luminaries = Lamp flux M = Maintenance factor UF = Utilization factor LLD = Lamp Lumen Deterioration factor

Maintanance factor (MF)

Can be defined as

Average illuminance on the working plane

after a specified period of use of a lighting installation to the average illuminance obtained under the same conditions for a new installation.

Lamps Lumen Deterioration (LLD)

Manufacturer data. Examples..
Compact fluorescent Mercury vapor Metal halide High pressure sodium 0.85 0.79 0.83 0.91

Reflectance factor
the fraction of radiant energy that is reflected from a surface Examples- 70% , 0.8, ... Here 10 times the reflection factor.. 1.Ceiling 2. Walls 3. Floor\Working plane.

Room Index
K = (LXW)/ [(H1-H0)X(L+W)]
Where, L W H1 H0 = Room Length (m) = Room Width (m) = Height of luminaires light emitting surface = Height of the working plan

Utilization factor
Room Index (K) 0.60 0.80

Reflectance
873 0.39 0.45 753 0.31 0.37 731 0.27 0.32 551 0.29 0.35 531 0.26 0.32 311 0.24 0.29

1.00
1.25 1.50

0.49
0.53 0.56

0.42
0.46 0.49

0.36
0.40 0.42

0.38
0.42 0.44

0.36
0.39 0.41

0.33
0.37 0.39

2.00
2.50

0.59
0.61

0.53
0.56

0.46
0.48

0.47
0.49

0.45
0.47

0.43
0.45

3.00
4.00 5.00

0.63
0.65 0.66

0.57
0.60 0.62

0.49
0.51 0.53

0.50
0.52 0.53

0.49
0.51 0.52

0.47
0.49 0.50

Example for lighting calculation sheet

heigh Length Width t of lumin aries height Reflec Utiliza Maintan Deterior of the Room tion tion ance ation working factor plane index s factor factor factor Requi Install Lam red ed p lux desi level flux gn lum ens Number Numb Requir of er of ed Total lumina lumina lamps in ires ires load each W luminaire Category of bulb

8.385 7 5.318 6.756 4 4 15.28 67 4.846 4.073 5 3.8 3.366 7 2.312 4.32 4 1.98 3.22

3 3.75

1.3016 7 3 1 0.5 967 0.7730 731 0.5 811 1.4718 7 3 1 0.5 214 0.6049 731 0.5 23 0.4984 7 3 1 1 374 0.5430 731 0.5 857 0.5489 731 0.5 026

0.52 0.42

0.85 0.85

0.8 0.8

5044 335 400 7.01 0 3785 335 400 0.98 0 7922 335 400 9.25 0 2529 335 400 2.97 0 1271 335 400 8.64 0 5241. 112 150 176 5 7892. 261 150 157 0

7.5294 2 038 5.6494 2 001 11.825 2 261 3.7750 2 707 1.8983 2 051 4.6588 1 235 3.0238 1 149

8 6

288 216

3 3.75

0.55 0.36

0.85 0.85

0.8 0.8

12 4

432 144 LAMP, T8, 1200MM, 72 36W, 3500K FT18W/2G11/ 90 830 FT36W/2G11/ 144 830 1386

3.75 3 3.75

0.36 0.36 0.36

0.85 0.85 0.85

0.8 0.8 0.8

2 5 4

Recommended Lighting Levels

Activity Illumination (lux, lumen/m2)

Public areas with dark surroundings

Simple orientation for short visits Working areas where visual tasks are only occasionally performed Warehouses, Homes, Theaters, Archives Easy Office Work, Classes Normal Office Work, PC Work, Study Library, Groceries, Show Rooms, Laboratories Supermarkets, Mechanical Workshops, Office Landscapes

20 - 50
50 - 100 100 - 150 150 250 500 750 1,000 1500 - 2000

Normal Drawing Work, Detailed Mechanical Workshops, Operation Theatres

Detailed Drawing Work, Very Detailed Mechanical Works

Performance of visual tasks of low contrast and very small size for 2000 - 5000 prolonged periods of time

Part 2
Load calculation

 Design power socket outlets.. If not given Then analyse.

Load (Amp)

Ground Floor
13A Socket Outlets Florecent Fittings 2x36W Compact lamps (18W) Compact lamps (36W) Spot lights Shaver socket

Quantity
6 32 5 4 4 1 10*(1+(6-1)*0.2) 20.000 (36*2*32)/(0.7*230) 14.311 0.559 0.894 0.745 4.000

Basic Lighting Load per Floor Per Phase load L-GR

40.509 Amp. 13.503 Amp.

Total load for the new wing = Total load for ground floor+1st floor+2nd floor
= 13.503++ =49.29Amp Total new Load for the new wing =(49.29*1.732* 400)/1000 Total KVA Add 10 % Extra Capacity Closest Next is =34.15 KVA = 37.6 KVA = 50 KVA Amp 72.17

=49.29 Amp

Bill Of Quantity (BOQ)

Example
Quantity Cost rate(Rs) 40 425
32 600

01 Phillips 20W CFL warm light 02 Pillips T8 Fluorescent lamp 18W

Total cost(Rs) =40*425 =17000 =32*600 =19200

=17000+192 00 =36200

Part 3
Cable selection and Over load Protection

Basic types of MCBs

TYPE B TYPE C TYPE D

Sizing the cables

length of the wire Check the following inequality

In It ___________ Ca Ci Cg Cf

and In Ib

It = Maximum current capacity of cable for given temp. Ib = Design current In = Rated current of the protective device Ca = Correction factor for ambient temperature. CI = Correction factor for thermal insulation Cg = Correction factor for grouping Cf = Correction factor for semi enclosed fuse. (for MCBs Cf = 1)

Contd
Refer IEE wiring regulation book Lesser than 4% voltage drop.

Selecting a protective device

Nature of the load Rated current of the conductor Environmental conditions

Contd..

Where,

Ib rated current of protective divice Iz

Ib = Design service current Iz = Maximum current carrying capacity of the conductor

Where,

If 1.45 x Iz
Iz = Maximum current carrying capacity of the conductor If = Thermal tripping current of MCCB

Single Line Diagram

Questions

Thank you