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Objectives
Know the basic principles of voice service over adaptive multi-user channels on one slot (VAMOS).
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Contents
VAMOS Feature Description
1. Basic Principles of VAMOS 2. Application Scenarios 3. Design and Implementation Method 4. Data Configuration Procedure 5. Description of Performance Measurement 6. Acronyms and Abbreviations
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VAMOS is used to increase the capacity of the global system for mobile communications (GSM) network. VAMOS multiplexes two users on one full-rate or half-rate channel to increase the number of available radio channels on the Um interface.
Left-right separation: distinguishing users based on time. Up-down separation: distinguishing users based on the TSC.
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The base transceiver station (BTS) uses the AQPSK modulation mode
and orthogonal TSC in the downlink. Therefore, the mobile station (MS) must support SAIC to correctly demodulate downlink signals.
In the uplink, the MS still uses the GMSK modulation mode to modulate
Uplink Uplin
TS 1 TS 2
TSC 1 TSC 2
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The BTS uses the modulation mode similar to QPSK to send signals. The data of two users is mapped to different bits of the QPSK symbol. Then, /2 phase rotation is performed for the symbol. The existing SAIC MS can directly demodulate signals from those received on the corresponding subchannel.
The SAIC receiver separates the received signals as real and imaginary parts and takes them as signal diversity tributaries so that the diversity effect is obtained by using one antenna. Copyright 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page6
Uplink signal modulation: The MS uses the existing modulation algorithm to modulate signals.
Successive interference cancellation (SIC) uses the interference rejection combing (IRC) algorithm to demodulate the strong-power user channels, deducts the strong-power user information from the received signals, and then uses IRC to demodulate the remaining weak-power signals.
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TSC users implement channel estimation, that is, obtain the channel characteristics. Based on the modulation and demodulation modes, third generation partnership project (3GPP) defines eight training sequences numbered 0 to 7. For example, training sequence defined by normal burst in GMSK modulation mode:
The eight TSCs defined by 3GPP are not closely related. To obtain better orthogonality, The VAMOS workgroup defines a new TSC for VAMOS
multiplexing.
Copyright 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page8
To support VAMOS better, 3GPP introduces a new TSC and an advanced receiver structure. MSs are classified as follows based on whether they support the functions:
MS Classification Legacy Non-SAIC MS Capability Pairing Restriction A legacy non-SAIC MS cannot be paired with a legacy non-SAIC MS or legacy SAIC MS. A legacy SAIC MS cannot be paired with a legacy nonSAIC MS (the pairing is theoretically feasible, but it requires much for power offset; therefore, it is not applicable). None. SAIC New Training Sequence Not supported VAMOS Performance Description Low performance Marketing
Considering the alpha QPSK technology, a non-SAIC MS may be multiplexed on the VAMOS subchannel in the case of certain power offset. Compared with a non-SAIC MS, a legacy SAIC MS features more powerful demodulation capability but supports only the existing TSC. It supports VAMOS multiplexing well and does not require much for the MS on another subchannel.
Not supported
Legacy SAIC
Supported
Not supported
Crucial for the existing MS to support VAMOS. Its capacity gain is much lower than the VAMOS MS.
VAMOS level I
Supported
Supported
VAMOS level II
None.
Supported
Supported
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Application Scenarios
VAMOS is applicable to the scenario where network frequencies are loosely multiplexed and the capacity is limited. Typical scenarios are as follows:
Rural area
Other scenarios
For some areas where the number of GSM users rapidly increases, when the user capacity requirement becomes higher, the operator can increase TRXs and improve frequency multiplexing rate to expand the capacity. This may greatly decrease the VAMOS gain. Therefore, the VAMOS technology is not applicable to the area where the number of GSM users still increases rapidly.
Refarmed GSM
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After VAMOS is enabled, the number of available air interface channels increases. As a result, the number of transmission timeslots of the Abis, Ater, and A interfaces increases. Therefore, before VAMOS is enabled, transmission resources must be increased. With the increase of transmission resources, the Abis/Ater/A interface resources must also be increased, that is, transmission interface boards in the BSC must be increased. Along with the increase of A interface resource, TC boards must also be increased.
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The orthogonal TSC is required to enable VAMOS. Therefore, the TSCs on the network must be re-planed.
VAMOS is not used: The TSCs and BCCs are bound on the network, and the TSCs can be planned at will. VAMOS is used: To prevent cells from using the same frequency and TSC in the case of inter-cell timeslot alignment, re-plan the TSCs on the network by using a method similar to frequency planning before enabling VAMOS. This method is meant to enlarge the multiplexing distance between the cells that use the same TSC. After VAMOS is used, the cells need to use the second TSC, and therefore the second TSC must be planed so that the cells do not use the same TSC as peripheral cells.
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After VAMOS is enabled, more BTS destination signaling point (DSP) processing resources are required (the number of channels to be processed concurrently increases and new modulation algorithms need to be used), and the service processing capability of the BTS deteriorates. In busy hours, the EDGE rate and EDGE+ rate are decreased.
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After VAMOS is enabled for a cell, half-rate channels can implement VAMOS multiplexing. This can be explained as follows: one subchannel in a timeslot is equivalent to four HR subchannels instead of two HR subchannels. One fullrate channel is still indicated as one channel.
VAMOS supports full-rate and half-rate channels but it supports only halfrate channels in GBSS13.0.
Copyright 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page14
In normal cases, when user A and user B access the network independently, each occupies one half-rate channel. If user A and user B meet the multiplexing conditions, the BSC hands user B over to the channel occupied by user A. If user B is accessing the network and meets the multiplexing conditions, the BSC directly assigns user B to the channel occupied by user A.
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VAMOS supports TDM, IP, and high-level data link control (HDLC) transmission resources.
VAMOS supports TDM: If an office adopts TDM, the office
For the MRFU/MRRU V1&V2, service restrictions coexist with VAMOS, EDGE, and EDGE+. Based on the DSP computing capability of the supported carrier group, the
After VAMOS is used, the DSP decreases the uplink rate of EDGE and EDGE+ services based on GMSK modulation if the DSP processing capability is low.
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Due to MS compatibility, MS type database is not available on the BSC. This database records the VAMOS capability of MSs of different types. The MSs are classified as follows:
MSs in the white list: This type of MSs can completely support VAMOS multiplexing. MSs in the gray list: The performance of this type of MSs varies with the TSC combination. The hop-Alpha QPSK modulation mode, however, can be used to upgrade the MS performance.
If MS compatibility is not considered, the BSC implements multiplexing based on the VAMOS support capability reported by the MS by using the classmark. If MS compatibility is considered, the BSC obtains the MS type and then implements multiplexing based on the MS compatibility stored in the MS type database.
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You can run ADD GMSSAICCAP to set the MS type database on the BSC, that is, add MSs in the white list and
You can configure up to 20,000 records in the white list and gray list in total.
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Mute-SAIC MS: An MS that supports SAIC but does not report the SAIC support capability. This type of MSs affects the VAMOS multiplexing rate.
If the CONNECTACK message is received during a call and the channel quality of the call meets the condition, a detection request is initiated to instruct the BTS to implement automatic mute-SAIC identification.
After the BTS receives the automatic mute-SAIC identification request, the BTS starts automatic mute-SAIC identification.
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The BSC records the MS type (TAC in the IMEI) based on the BTS test result and periodically exports the records to the OMU.
8 digits 6 digits 1 digit TAC SNR IMEI 15 digits CD/SD
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You can run EXP MSSAICCAPMML to convert the BSC detection result into a man-machine language (MML) script and save it in \bam\version_x\ftp \ms_saic_cap on the OMU. Here, x refers to the specific version number.
You can use the file manager on the Web LMT to export the generated MML script to a local path. Then, run the MML script to import the automatic detection result into the MS database.
Problem MS: An MS that supports SAIC and causes call drops during multiplexing. This type of MSs requires to be identified.
The procedure for identifying a problem MS is the same as that for identifying a mute-SAIC MS.
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Step 1: If the BTS transmission mode is TDM, when you run ADD BTS to add a BTS, set Flex Abis Mode to FLEX_ABIS. For an existing BTS, you can run MOD BTS to set Flex Abis Mode to FLEX_ABIS. If the BTS transmission mode is IP or HDLC, skip this step.
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YES.
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Step 5: Run SET GCELLVAMOSPWR to set Allow alphaQPSK Power Control and Allow SIC Power Control to ON.
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Step 6: Run SET GCELLVAMOS to set Mute SAIC Terminal Processing Switch and Auto Mute SAIC Identification Switch to ON.
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Step 7: Run SET GCELLVAMOS to set Problem SAIC Terminal Processing Switch and Problem SAIC Terminal Identify Switch to ON.
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Step 1: If the BTS service mode is set to TDM, set Flex Abis Mode to Flex Abis when adding BTSs with the wizard, and run the MOD BTS command to set Flex Abis Mode to Flex Abis. If the BTS service mode is set to IP or HDLC, ignore this step.
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Step 1: If the BTS already exists, right-click the BTS, and choose Modify Multiplexing Mode or Flex Abis Mode from the shortcut menu, and set Flex Abis mode to Flex Abis in the displayed dialog box. If the service mode of the BTS is set to IP or HDLC, ignore this step.
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Step 2: Set Power Control Switch to Power controlIII in the Basic Parameters for Power Control of Cell table.
The procedure for navigating to the Basic Parameters for Power Control of Cell table is as follows: On the Main View tab, right-click a cell, and choose Cell Configuration Express from the shortcut menu. On the Properties tab, click Basic Parameters for Power Control of Cell. The Basic Parameters for Power Control of Cell table is displayed in the right pane.
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Step 3: Set III Power Control Optimized Enable to Yes in the Parameters for Power Control III of Cell table.
The procedure for navigating to the Parameters for Power Control III of Cell table is as follows: On the Main View tab, right-click a cell, and choose Cell Configuration Express from the shortcut menu. On the Properties tab, click Parameters for Power Control III of Cell. The Parameters for Power Control III of Cell table is displayed in the right pane.
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Step 4: Set VAMOS Switch to On in the VAMOS Channel Multiplex Parameters of Cell table.
The procedure for navigating to the VAMOS Channel Multiplex Parameters of Cell table is as follows: On the Main View tab, right-click a cell, and choose Cell Configuration Express from the shortcut menu. On the Properties tab, click VAMOS Channel Multiplex Parameters of Cell. The VAMOS Channel Multiplex Parameters of Cell table is displayed in the right pane.
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Step 5: Set Allow alpha QPSK Power Control to On and Allow SIC Power Control to On in the Power Control Parameters for VAMOS Call of Cell table.
The procedure for navigating to the Power Control Parameters for VAMOS Call of Cell table is as follows: On the Main View tab, right-click a cell, and choose Cell Configuration Express from the shortcut menu. On the Properties tab, click Power Control Parameters for VAMOS Call of Cell. The Power Control Parameters for VAMOS Call of Cell table is displayed in the right pane.
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Step 6: Set Mute SAIC Terminal Processing Switch to On and Auto Mute SAIC Identification Switch to On in the VAMOS Channel Multiplex Parameters of Cell table.
The procedure for navigating to the VAMOS Channel Multiplex Parameters of Cell table is as follows: On the Main View tab, right-click a cell, and choose Cell Configuration Express from the shortcut menu. On the Properties tab, click VAMOS Channel Multiplex Parameters of Cell. The VAMOS Channel Multiplex Parameters of Cell table is displayed in the right pane.
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Step 7: Set Problem SAIC Terminal Identify Switch to On and Problem SAIC TRMNL Identify Manual Start to On in the VAMOS Channel Multiplex Parameters of Cell table.
The procedure for navigating to the VAMOS Channel Multiplex Parameters of Cell table is as follows: On the Main View tab, right-click a cell, and choose Cell Configuration Express from the shortcut menu. On the Properties tab, click VAMOS Channel Multiplex Parameters of Cell. The VAMOS Channel Multiplex Parameters of Cell table is displayed in the right pane.
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Verification Procedure
Step 1: Assume that VAMOS is enabled for a cell and two MSs supporting VAMOS are used in the cell to initiate calls, configure parameters so that the two calls occupy half-rate channels. Step 2: Run SET FHO to forcibly multiplex one half-rate call on the other channel.
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Parameter Description
Specifies whether to enable VAMOS on the network.
Specifies the primary TSC used on the network when VAMOS is enabled in a cell. Before any call enters the VAMOS mode, the primary TSC is allocated preferentially. After VAMOS pairing succeeds, the primary and secondary TSCs are determined based on the TSC that is used by the first call connected to the timeslot. Specifies the secondary TSC used on the network when VAMOS is enabled in a cell. Before any call enters the VAMOS mode, the primary TSC is allocated preferentially. After VAMOS pairing succeeds, the primary and secondary TSCs are determined based on the TSC that is used by the first call connected to the timeslot.
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Parameter Description
Specifies whether to enable the alpha-QPSK power control sub-algorithm of the VAMOS technology (one timeslot multiplexed by voice services of multiple users).
Specifies whether to enable the uplink SIC power control sub-algorithm of the VAMOS technology.
Specifies whether to enable the mute-SAIC MS processing function of a cell. ON: enable the mute-SAIC MS processing function; Off: disable the mute-SAIC MS processing function. Mute-SAIC MS processing includes mute-SAIC matching and identification based on the database and automatic muteSAIC identification. Specifies whether to enable the automatic mute-SAIC identification function of a cell. Mute-SAIC MS: An MS that supports SAIC but is reported as incapable of SAIC. ON: enable the automatic mute-SAIC identification function of a cell; Off: disable the automatic mute-SAIC identification function of a cell.
If this switch is on, uplink and downlink DTX must be disabled during muteSAIC identification, and this influences the network interference. Alpha-QPSK modulation is used in the downlink, and the downlink receiving quality is degraded in a call.
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Short Name
A3100J
Counter Description
This counter measures the total number of new calls that meet the VAMOS candidate user conditions during assigned channel multiplexing determination. If the value of this counter is low, it indicates that the SD channel quality is low or the number of new calls that meet the VAMOS candidate user conditions is small because the VAMOS candidate user conditions set for new calls are strict (excessively higher requirements for quality and ATCB). This counter measures the total number of times that a new call during assignment and an established call can be paired (the paring is determined in assignment mode) in a cell. It is used to calculate the assigned channel multiplexing success rate and the ratio of the number of assigned channel multiplexing attempts to the total number of channel multiplexing attempts. If the value of this counter is far smaller than the value of Number of Successful VAMOS Candidate Call Decisions (Assignment) , you can loosen the path loss offset threshold and VAMOS overload threshold involved in assigned channel multiplexing determination to allow more users to be paired. This counter measures the total number of VAMOS channel assignment commands for VAMOS channel multiplexing (VAMOS channel multiplexing is triggered by assignment) in a cell. If the value of this counter is far smaller than the value of Number of VAMOS Channel Multiplexing Attempts (Assignment), it indicates that lower-layer connection fails or the Abis interface resources are insufficient.
Remarks
A3100M
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Remarks
A3100N
H3051
Remarks
H3052
H3053
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Remarks
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Voice Service over Adaptive Multi-user channels on One Slot GSM/EDGE Radio Access Network Multi-User Reusing-One-Slot
SAIC
SIC IRC OSC CS
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TSC
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Thank you
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