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DEFINITION OF THEORY
Theory is a creative and rigorous structuring of ideas that projects a tentative, purposeful, and systematic view of phenomena.
-Chin & Kramer (2004)
PURPOSE OF THEORY
Support the development of knowledge through thesis and contestability. Explains and predicts outcomes. Supports decision making.
PURPOSE OF THEORY
Embeds goals and outcomes for the client and by implication for the nurse. Supports modeling of processes of nursing.
The concepts that are considered to nursing and are discussed in nursing theories include four major concepts. Each of these four concepts will differ depending on the author. They are:
Person: May represent an individual, family, a community, or all of mankind. Environment: May represent the immediate persons physical surroundings, the community, or the universe and all that it
Health: Represents a state of wellness mutually decided by the client and the nurse. Nursing: Nursing is the practice of the science and art of the discipline.
Person: As an organism that strives in its own way to reduce tension generated by needs.
Although Peplau does not directly address environment, she does encourage nurse to consider the patients culture and mores when the patient adjust to hospital routine.
PEPLAUS THEORY AND NURSINGS METAPARADIGM The nurse examines many more factors, such as cultural background and home and work environment, rather than considering only a patients adjustment to the hospital. The theory does not examine the broad range of environmental influences on the person but focuses
PEPLAUS THEORY AND NURSINGS METAPARADIGM Health A word symbol that implies forward movement of the personality and human processes toward creative, constructive, productive, personal, and community living.
Orientation
Identification Exploitation Resolution
Relationship
Past Experiences
Past Experiences Expectations Expectations
ROLES OF NURSE
Stranger: Receives the client in the same way one meets a stranger in other life situations provides an accepting climate that builds trust.
Teacher: Who imparts knowledge in reference to a need or interest. Resource Person: One who provides specific needed information that aids in the understanding of a problem or new situation.
ROLES OF NURSE
Counselor: helps to understand and integrate the meaning of current life circumstances, provides guidance and encouragement to make changes. Surrogate: helps to clarify domains of dependence interdependence and independence and acts on clients behalf as an advocate. Leader: helps client assume maximum responsibility for meeting treatment goals in
CONCLUSION
As nursing broadens its scope, there appears to be a need for further development of Peplaus use with the healthy patient group and community. Further development is also indicated for clients who are unable to use their communication skills effectively. Increased use of Peplaus theory in practice is needed.