Course title: Plant Design (Mini Project) Presented to: Sir Shamim Raza Sir Humble Suleman

M.Faiq Choudhry

 Muhammad Faiq Ilyas

Waseem-ur-Rehman
Muddssir Munir

09-CH-10 09-CH-02 09-CH-38

 Introduction

Methods of Preparation
Purpose of Chemicals Economics(Cost Estimation)

Results Discussion

 A natural dust cleaner is any method of removing or

repelling dust that does not involve harsh or toxic chemicals. Many furniture sprays and polishes that claim to remove and repel dust contain chemicals that are harmful both to your health and to the environment. There are simple methods of keeping your home, offices and industries not only dust free, but also a healthy place for yourself and your family. These are discussed as we proceed.

 Dust is that powdery, moveable white or gray film that

quickly covers everything in surroundings. It is a combination of dirt, skin cells, pet dander, insect bits and dust mite waste that can attract and hold toxins in environment. Bacteria and germs also thrive in dusty environments. The average home produces up to 40 lbs. of dust in a single year, making it an ongoing battle to keep it at bay.

There are three different scales of making a dust cleaner that we have studied and these are discussed as follows. Lab scale Commercial scale Industrial scale

Laboratory Scale

 There are different methods of making dust cleaner in

lab. Here is the most important one is discussed. Chemicals involved here and their properties are also discussed.

Chemicals
Detergent Bleach Ethyl Alcohol Water

Amount
4g 1ml 25ml 100ml

 Beaker

Stirrer
Measuring Tube Weighing Balance

 I took 100ml of Water in a beaker and add 4g of

Detergent in it and keep on stirring during the process. Then I add 25ml of Ethyl Alcohol gradually. At the end I add 1ml of Bleach in the solution. Keep on stirring till the time bubble mixture is provided. The dust cleaner is ready.

 Weight of Beaker= 118g

Weight of Detergent= 4g
Amount of Ethyl Alcohol=25ml Amount of Water= 100ml

Amount of Bleach= 1ml

Total reactant weight=129g Total Product weight=120g

% yield=(weight of product/weight of reactant)*100

=(120/129)*100=92.3%

 Detergents are usually alkylbenzenesulfonate, they are

most soluble in hard water. Sodium hypochlorite and Calcium Hypochlorite are chlorine based bleaches, these Bleaches increases the efficiency of cleaner. But at the other end cost economics should also keep in mind. These are reducing bleaches, Now a days Oxidizing bleaches can also be used in making of dust cleaner.

 Waseem-ur-Rehman

There are different methods of making dust cleaner on commercial scale but in an attempt to avoid harsh toxic chemicals people turn to natural or homemade cleaners containing environment friendly ingredients.

 Ethanol

White vinegar
Water Spray bottle Microfiber cloth Beaker Shiner

Some amount(5-8 drops) of Tea Tree Oil which is an antimicrobial agent to kill Bacteria, Fungus and Viruses.

 Combine 5 to 8 drops of tea tree oil, 50ml water, and 50ml

Ethyl Alcohol in a beaker to make an all-purpose disinfecting cleaner. Then we put 60ml White vinegar into the mixture. At the end we added a little amount of shiner (containing Vinyl) into the beaker. Pour all the mixture into the spray bottle.

 Ethyl Alcohol
Anti Bacterial Antiseptic Disinfectant

Tea Tree oil

Antiseptic( remove molds from windows, doors etc) No harsh chemicals(Safe to use) Fresh Aroma

Vinegar
Indefinite Shelf life Cheapest(Distilled white vinegar is most cheapest from all

types).

Ingredients
Tea tree oil
White Vinegar Ethyl Alcohol Shiner

Price
1000Rs/250ml
28Rs/120ml 53000Rs/ton 20Rs

Spray Bottle

15Rs

Cost =65 Rs/150 ml

Ingredients
Vinegar Cetomacrogol 1000 Ethylene diaminetetraacetic acid Sodium hypochlorite

60ml 25ml 50ml 15ml

 First of all a mixture of Cetomacrogol 1000(25ml) and

Ethylene diaminetetraacetic acid(50ml) is formed. Continuous stirring is done during the mixing. After that add 15ml Sodium hypochlorite into above mixture Then put the above mixture for some time and then add 60 ml of white vinegar. All purpose Dust cleaner is ready to use.

 Cetomacrogol 1000 is a non-ionic surfactant of the

polyethylene glycol family. It is used as a solubilizer and emulsifying agent in foods, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals. It is used as emulsifier for creams/lotions. Ethylene diamine tetra acetic acid prepared from ethylene diamine and chloroacetic acid..Today, EDTA is mainly synthesized from ethylenediamine (1,2diaminoethane), formaldehyde, and sodium cyanide.

 In shampoos, cleaners and other products EDTA are

added as a sequestering agent to improve their stability in air. Sodium hypochlorite it is prepared from passing chlorine gas through a solution of sodium carbonate. The resulting liquid, known as "Javel water" was a weak solution of sodium hypochlorite. Sodium Hypochlorite are found in disinfecting sprays and wipes used on hard surfaces. Household bleach sold for use in laundering clothes is a solution of sodium hypochlorite at the time of manufacture.

Chemicals
Vinegar Cetomacrogol 1000 Ethylene

Price
28Rs/120ml 1200Rs/1000ml 700Rs/1000ml 1000Rs/1000ml

diaminetetraacetic acid Sodium hypochlorite Cost=80Rs/150ml

Muddsir Munir Maan

Industrial Scale Study

Here we have studied about the Carpet cleaning preparation to remove dust. A carpet cleaning preparation in form of dry cleaning preparation in powder form, which contains surfactents,organic solvents and zeolite(2%by weight) in the form of porous granulate which is unaffected by mechanical stress.

 Sample:1

Sample:2

1.12Kg Zeolite (18.2%H20)

124g of Polymethacrylic

8.6Kg Zeolite
1Kg of Polymethacrylic

Acid 38g Water glass(25%H20,Sio2:Na2o=4:1) 700ml of Water 14g of non ionic surfactant 130g of Butyldiglycol(increase cleaning)

Acid(Powder Form) 0.4Kg of Polyvinyl Pyrolidone(Cleaning) 0.3Kg Water Glass 0.15Kg non ionic surfactant in 5.7Kg of Water

 In mixer Zeolite in powder form is mixed continuously

with Poly Methacrylic acid. Mixture is then sprayed with the solution of Water Glass and then add mix of Surfactant with water. Mixing should continue for 10min and Granulates are formed. In order to remover water, granulate was placed in pan and dried to constant weight at 80oC.

Sample# 1 2

Cleaning power 1.8 1.6

Resoiling 3.2 2.8

Discolorati pH on 1 1 8.5 8.9

Particle size(mm) 0.3-1.2 o.5-1.5

 Now a days bleaches are most commonly used in

cleaner but oxidizing and Reducing Bleaches are also been made, these can be use for increased efficiency of Dust Cleaner.

 Sodium Hypochlorite Chemical Production". by Intratec,

ISBN 978-0615702179. "How Products Are Made Volume 2". may 2011. Metcalf & Eddy, Inc (1991). Wastewater Engineering: Treatment, Disposal, & Reuse 3rd Edition; pg 497 Daniele S. Lantagne (2008). "Sodium hypochlorite dosage for household and emergency water treatment". E-Journal AWWA 100 (8). Ernest R. Vieira, Elementary Food Science, pp. 381-382, Springer, 1999 ISBN 0834216574

 People who are unable to motivate themselves must be

content with mediocrity, no matter how impressive their other talents. (Andrew Carnegei)

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