THE BOOK OF ISAIAH

The Times of Isaiah

B.C.
Uzziah (790-739) Kings of Judah
Jotham (750-735)

Ahaz
(732-715)

Hezekiah
(715-686)

THE BOOK OF ISAIAH

THE KINGS OF ISAIAHS DAY

Isaiah 1:1, The vision of Isaiah the son of Amoz, which he saw concerning Judah and Jerusalem, in the days of Uzziah, Jotham, Ahaz, and Hezekiah, kings of Judah.

Shebnayahu, official to Uzziah

THE KINGS OF ISAIAHS DAY

bulla

Isaiah 1:1, The vision of Isaiah the son of Amoz, which he saw concerning Judah and Jerusalem, in the days of Uzziah, Jotham, Ahaz, and Hezekiah, kings of Judah.

Belonging to Ahaz, (son of) Jotham, king of Judah

THE KINGS OF ISAIAHS DAY

The Kings of Isaiahs Day

B.C.
Uzziah (790-739) Ahaz
(732-715)

Hezekiah
(715-686)

Kings of Judah

Jotham (750-735)

Kings of Assyria

Tiglathpileser III
745-727 B.C.

Tiglath-pileser III (r. 745-727)

THE KINGS OF ISAIAHS DAY

I received the tribute of Kushtashpi of Commagene, Urik of Que.Jehoahaz of Judah... (The Ancient Near East, vol. 1, James Pritchard, p. 193)

Isaiah 1:1, The vision of Isaiah the son of Amoz, which he saw concerning Judah and Jerusalem, in the days of Uzziah, Jotham, Ahaz, and Hezekiah, kings of Judah.

Belonging to Hizqiyahu, (son of) Ahaz, king of Judah.

THE KINGS OF ISAIAHS DAY

The Kings of Isaiahs Day

B.C.
Uzziah (790-739)
Kings of Judah Jotham (750-735)

Ahaz
(732-715)

Hezekiah
(715-686)

Kings of Assyria

Tiglathpileser III

Sennacherib 705-681 B.C.

Isaiah 1:1, The vision of Isaiah the son of Amoz, which he saw concerning Judah and Jerusalem, in the days of Uzziah, Jotham, Ahaz, and Hezekiah, kings of Judah.

The officials, the patricians and the (common) people of Ekron -- who had thrown Padi, their king, in fetters (because he was) loyal to (his) solemn oath (sworn) by the god Ashur, and had handed him over to Hezekiah, the Jew -- (and) he held him in prison (ANE, Pritchard, p. 199)

THE BOOK OF ISAIAH

ISAIAHS RECORD OF PALESTINE IN THE EIGHTH CENTURY B.C.

The threat from Israel and Syria during

Ahazs reign, 7:1-17; 8:3-4

ISAIAHS RECORD OF PALESTINE IN THE EIGHTH CENTURY B.C.

B.C.
Uzziah (790-739) Ahaz
(732-715)

Hezekiah
(715-686)

Kings of Judah

Jotham (750-735)

Pekah (742-732)

Hoshea

Tiglathpileser III Kings of Assyria

745-727 B.C.

2 Kgs, 16:7, So Ahaz sent messengers to Tiglathpileser king of Assyria, saying, I am thy servant and thy son: come up, and save me out of the hand of the king of Syria, and out of the hand of the king of Israel, which rise up against me.

2 Kgs. 16:8, And Ahaz took the silver and gold that was found in the house of Jehovah, and in the treasures of the king's house, and sent it for a present to the king of Assyria. 9 And the king of Assyria hearkened unto him; and the king of Assyria went up against Damascus, and took it, and carried the people of it captive to Kir, and slew Rezin.

2 Kgs. 15:29, In the days of Pekah king of Israel came Tiglath-pileser king of Assyria, and took Ijon, and Abel-beth-maacah, and Janoah, and Kedesh, and Hazor, and Gilead, and Galilee, all the land of Naphtali; and he carried them captive to Assyria. Israelall its inhabitants (and) their possessions I led to Assyria. (ANE, Pritchard, 194) And the spoil of Samaria shall be carried away before the king of Assyria (Isa. 8:4)

2Kgs. 15:30, And Hoshea the son of Elah made a conspiracy against Pekah the son of Remaliah, and smote him, and slew him, and reigned in his stead, in the twentieth year of Jotham the son of Uzziah.

.They overthrew their king Pekah and I placed Hoshea king over them. (ANE, Pritchard, 194)

Isaiah 7:1-8:4

THE BOOK OF ISAIAH

ISAIAHS RECORD OF PALESTINE IN THE EIGHTH CENTURY B.C.

The threat from Israel and Syria during

Ahazs reign, 7:1-17; 8:3-4

Sargons capture of Ashdod, 20:1

SARGON IIS
PALACE

ISAIAHS RECORD OF PALESTINE IN THE EIGHTH CENTURY B.C.

B.C.
Uzziah (790-739)
Kings of Judah Jotham (750-735)

Ahaz
(732-715)

Hezekiah
(715-686)

Kings of Assyria

Tiglathpileser III

Sargon II,
722-705

Sennacherib

Azuri, king of Ashdod, had schemed not to deliver tribute any more and sent messages (full) of hostilities against Assyia, to the kings (living) in his neighborhood.

I besieged (and) captured the cities of Ashdod, Gath, Asdudimmu (ANE, Pritchard, 197)

Isaiah 20:1

THE BOOK OF ISAIAH

ISAIAHS RECORD OF PALESTINE IN THE EIGHTH CENTURY B.C.

The threat from Israel and Syria during

Ahazs reign, 7:1-17; 8:3-4

Sargons capture of Ashdod, 20:1 Sennacheribs first invasion, 36:1

ISAIAHS RECORD OF PALESTINE IN THE EIGHTH CENTURY B.C.

B.C.
Uzziah (790-739)
Kings of Judah Jotham (750-735)

Ahaz
(732-715)

Hezekiah
(715-686)

Kings of Assyria

TiglathShalpileser III maneser Sargon

Sennacherib 705-681 B.C.

As to Hezekiah, the Jew, he did not submit to my yoke, I laid siege to 46 of his strong cities, walled forts and to the countless small villages in their vicinity, and conquered (them) by means of well-stamped (earth-)ramps, and battering-rams brought (thus) near (to the walls) .

I drove out 200,150 people, young and old, male and female (ANE, Pritchard, p. 199)

Isaiah 36:1

THE BOOK OF ISAIAH

ISAIAHS RECORD OF PALESTINE IN THE EIGHTH CENTURY B.C.

The threat from Israel and Syria during

Ahazs reign, 7:1-17; 8:3-4

Sargons capture of Ashdod, 20:1 Sennacheribs first invasion, 36:1 The siege of Lachish, 36:2

(Siege of Lachish)

"Sennacherib, king of the world, king of Assyria, sat on his nimedu-throne, and passed in review the booty taken from Lachish. (ANE, Pritchard, 201)

THE BOOK OF ISAIAH

ISAIAHS RECORD OF PALESTINE IN THE EIGHTH CENTURY B.C.

The threat from Israel and Syria during

Ahazs reign, 7:1-17; 8:3-4

Sargons capture of Ashdod, 20:1 Sennacheribs first invasion, 36:1 The siege of Lachish, 36:2 The fall of Samaria, 36:19

ISAIAHS RECORD OF PALESTINE IN THE EIGHTH CENTURY B.C.

B.C.
Uzziah (790-739)
Kings of Judah Jotham (750-735)

Ahaz
(732-715)

Hezekiah
(715-686)

Kings of Assyria

Tiglathpileser III

Shalmanezer

Sargon II

Sennach.

Isa. 36:19, Where are the gods of Hamath and Arpad? where are the gods of Sepharvaim? and have they delivered Samaria out of my hand?
Property of Sargon king of Assyria conqueror of Samaria and of the entire (country of) Israel (ANE, Pritchard, 195)

THE BOOK OF ISAIAH

ISAIAHS PREDICTIVE PROPHECIES, 13:1, 19; 45:1, 13

Prophecies concerning nations

Prophecies concerning nations

...Jehovah stirred up the spirit of Cyrus king of Persia, so that he made a proclamation throughout Thus saith Jehovah all his kingdom...All the to his anointed, to kingdoms of the earth Cyrus.he shall hath Jehovah, the God of build my city, and he heaven, given me; and he shall let my exiles hath charged me to build go free (Isa. 45: him a house in Jerusalem... (Ezra 1:1-2) 1,13)

Prophecies concerning nations

The Dead Sea Scrolls

Dating the Isaiah Scroll

Zurich carbon dating at 1- level: 201-93 BC Tucson carbon dating at 1- level: 341-325 or 202-114 BC Zurich carbon dating at 2- level: 351-296 or 230-48 BC Tucson carbon dating at 2- level: 351-295 or 230-53 BC
(The Meaning of the Dead Sea Scrolls: Their Significance for Understanding the Bible, Judaism, Jesus, and Christianity, by James C. VanderKam and Peter Flint, p. 32)

Carbon Dating

(Years B.C.)

Paleography:

English Script of the 17th Century

Dating the Isaiah Scroll

Paleography:
Among Semitic paleographers in Great Britain, Dr. S.A. Birnbaum, of the London School of Oriental and African Studies, occupies a position second to none....His verdict on the date of...the complete Isaiah scroll (Isaiah A) between 175 and 150 B.C. (F.F. Bruce, Second Thoughts on the Dead Sea Scrolls, pp. 42-43)

Paleography

(Years B.C.)

Probable Date of the Isaiah Scroll

LXX

(Years B.C.)

Probable Date of the Book of Isaiah

(Years B.C.)

(Years B.C.)

THE BOOK OF ISAIAH

ISAIAHS PREDICTIVE PROPHECIES, 9:6, 7; 53:1ff

Why the Suffering Servant of Isaiah 53 is not the Nation of Israel:

He is portrayed in detailed features as a human

personality. Could Israel have been personified in poetic language lacking any hint of allegory? (cf. Gal. 4:21-24).

He is an innocent sufferer (vs. 9, 12).

Israel an innocent sufferer? (v. 8)

Was

For the transgression of my people was he

stricken (v. 8). If the servant is the nation, how could he be stricken for Israel?

Why the Suffering Servant of "Judaism not even Isaiah 53 is does not the Nation of Israel:

claim to be the response to He is a voluntary sufferer (vs. 9, 12). Was Israel thesesufferer? hopes. It has no a voluntary His suffering is to redemptive spiritual in Messiah offer, and no nature ( vs. 5, 11). Can this be said of Israel? Suffering Servant that can His suffering is vicarious, that is, gather to Himself the things substitutionary (vs. 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 11, 12). Has Israel suffered to redeem other nations (52:15)? predicated of the Servant in His suffering ends in death (vs. 8, of 10, 12). Have the fifty-third chapter the sufferings of Israel ended in death? Isaiah... (H.H. Rowley, The Unity of the
Bible, p. 118)

The Suffering of the Suffering Servant and the Suffering of Jesus Isaiah 53 Jesus By whose stripes ye were healed (1 Pet. 2:24)

With his stripes we are healed (v. 5)

He is the propitiation He shall see the travail for our sins; and not for of his soul, and shall be ours only, but also for satisfied (v. 11) the whole world (1 Jn. 2:2)

The Suffering of the Suffering Servant and the Suffering of Jesus Isaiah 53
As a lamb that is led to the slaughter (v. 7)

Jesus
...the Lamb of God, that taketh away the sin of the world (Jn. 1:29) Philip... beginning from this Scripture, preached unto him Jesus (Acts 8:35) This is my blood of the covenant, which is poured out for many unto remission of sins (Matt. 26:28)

He shall bear their iniquities.He poured out his soul unto death (vs. 11-12)

The Suffering of the Suffering Servant and the Suffering of Jesus Isaiah 53 Thou shalt make his soul an offering for sin (v. 10) Jesus The Son of man cameto give his life a ransom for many (Matt. 20:28)

He bare the sin of many Who his own self bare (v. 12); He shall bear our sins in his body their iniquities (v. 11) upon the tree (1 Pet. 2:24)

THE BOOK OF ISAIAH

THE KINGS OF ISAIAHS DAY ISAIAHS RECORD OF PALESTINE IN THE
EIGHTH CENTURY B.C.

ISAIAHS PREDICTIVE PROPHECIES

The Times of Isaiah

B.C.
Uzziah (790-739)
Kings of Judah Jotham (750-735)

Ahaz
(732-715)

Hezekiah
(715-686)

Jeroboam II (793-753)

Menahem Pekah Hoshea (752-742) (742-732)

Kings of Israel

ShalTiglathSargon II Sennacherib Kings of Assyria pileser III manezer