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Introduction
Application of low humidity
Essential for archives, museums, etc. Desirable for human comfort
Objectives
Analysis of three circuits a) Solution circuit b) Vapor compression circuit c) Air circuits Simulation of the system Fabrication and testing of a 0.8 TR capacity LDVC hybrid system
LITERATURE SURVEY
Yadav, 1995
Conducted experiments in conventional vapour compression system and liquid desiccant cycle. It has an energy saving of 80% at 90% latent heat load.
Simulated an open cycle vapour absorption and liquid desiccant system using LiBr for the process of absorption and dehumidification found suited for hot and humid climate
Liquid desiccant cooling systems enable efficient energy storage for air dehumidification and air-cooling using low temperature heat.
Meunier, 1998
Shows that solid sorption is very effective low grade cooling not only for air conditioning but for deep-freezing also.
Fanger, 1999
The perceived indoor air quality (IAQ) increases with a decrease in relative humidity, as long as it Is kept between 30 to 70 % Conducted experiments in a solar simulator on solid desiccant regeneration and air dehumidification for air conditioning in a tropical humid climate, and found that regeneration rate is strongly dependent on insolation, and slightly affected by air flow rate. 5
Used lithium bromide as the liquid desiccant, modeled an open system and observed the system to be more efficient in colder and drier climates and that system efficiency can be improved by employing indoor air re-circulation
Jain, 2001
The temperature required for regenerating the liquid desiccant is low; therefore solar energy can be utilized effectively.
Conducted review on solar adsorption technologies and emphasized the possibility of using non-polluting materials and energy saving (more than 50%) as the important characteristics .
Conducted theoretical evaluation of the maximum overall performance of a hybrid air conditioning system which consists of a conventional vapour compression system (VCS) cascaded with solar assisted vapour absorption system. Studied the desorption characteristics of liquid desiccant bed for solar dehumidification for air conditioning systems. Air stream at a low grade temperature is applied in the desorption process 6
Ahmed, 2003
A3
Dehumidifier
A6
Regenerator
D2
Ar A4
Evaporator
A2
D1
A4
Condenser
A5
A1 R4
D4
Expn. Valve
R2
D2
R3
Pump1
Compressor
R1
D3
Pump2
Process diagram
( Supply air ) conditioned space
A3
Dehumidifier
A6
Regenerator
D2
Condenser
D4
A4 A1
Evaporator
A2
D1
A4
A5
Expn. Valve
Pump1
D2
Compressor
R4
R2
R3
A4
A6
R1
D3 D4
Pump2
A5 A1 Ar A2 A 3
humidity ratio
Computational Model
air out
Counter flow
solution in
ms hs x ts
ma ha Wa ta
air in
solution out
Algorithm
1. Calculate the enthalpy of inlet air: 2. Calculate heat transfer coefficient: 3. Estimate Lewis number: 4. Estimate mass transfer coefficient: ha = f(ta, Wa) hc = f(v) Le = (/D)2/3 hm = hc/Cp Le
5. Estimate interface vapor pressure, humidity ratio and enthalpy: pi = ps = f(xs, ts); Wi = 0.622 pi/(pt pi); hi = f(ts, Wi) 6. Estimate the moisture absorbed and total heat transfer: dm= hm dA(Wi-Wa); dq = hc dA (hi-ha)/cpm 7. Estimate air properties at exit of the element: Wa* = Wa + dWa; ha* = ha +dha; ta* = f(ha*,Wa*) 8. Estimate solution flow rate, concentration, enthalpy and temperature at exit of the element: ms* = ms + dm = ms +dWa ; xs* = 1-[((1-xs ) ms-(madWa) )/ms*]; hs* = hs + (dq/ms*); ta* = f(hs*,xs*)
10
Parameter 14 Inlet solution concentration, xsa1,% 8 45 20 Varied Inlet solution concentration, xsr1,% (reg) Inlet solution temperature, tsa1, oC Inlet solution temperature, tsr1, oC (reg) Height of absorber and regenerator, cm
value 45 30 20 20 40
11
Absorber
Parameter Variation Influence Result
dehumidification suppressed solution concentration Solution temperature dehumidification enhanced solution concentration Solution temperature dehumidification enhanced solution concentration
Air temperature
increase
solution T solution VP
increase
air VP
S/A ratio
increase
capacity
Regenerator
Parameter Variation Influence Result
desorption increased solution concentration Solution temperature desorption suppressed solution concentration
Air temperature
increase
solution T solution VP
increase
air VP
S/A ratio
increase
capacity
COUNTER FLOW
14
Change in sp.humidity,Waa,g/kg
8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 6
10
10
9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18
o
20
22
24
20
22
24
15
45
22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 6
40 35
30 25
20
15 6
10
40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18
o
24 22 20 18 16 14 12 10 8 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18
o
20
22
24
20
22
24
16
5.5
5.0 4.5 4.0 3.5 3.0 2.5 2.0 1.5 1.0 0.5 14 16 18 20 22 24 26
12
10 8 6
28
30
32
0 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32
13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 -1 34
48
50
52
36
38
40
42
44
46
o
48
50
52
17
54 52 50 48 46 44 42 40 38 36 34 32 30 14 16 18 20 22 24
26
28
30
32
54 52 50 48 46 44 42 40 38 36 34 32 30 34 36 38 40 42 44 46
o
52 50 48 46 44 42 40 38 36 34 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 46
o
48
50
52
48
50
52
18
Change in sp.humidity,W,g/kg
2.0 1.8 1.6 1.4 1.2 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0 1 2
ABSORBER
S/A ratio,%
tsr1=10 C tsr1=15 C
o o o o o o
REGENERATOR
S/A ratio,%
19
COUPLED COLUMNS
20
21
Regenerator
dZ
Process air in
Regenerator air in
22
3.0
(S/A)a=0.8%
(S/A)r=0.4%
(S/A)a=0.8%
(S/A)r=0.6%
2.5
(S/A)r=0.8% (S/A)r=1.0%
2.0
1.5
1.0
0.5 10 12 14 16
o
18
1 10 12 14 16
o
18
(S/A)r=1.0%
1.5
1.0
0.5 0 10 12 14 16
o
18
10
12
14
16
o
18
24
3.0
(S/A)a=0.2%
(S/A)a=0.4%
2.5
(S/A)a=0.8% (S/A)a=1.6%
2.0
1.5
1.0
0.5
0 6 7 8 9 10
0.0 6 7 8 9 10
11
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2
10
1 6 7 8 9 10
25
3.0
(S/A)a=0.2%
(S/A)a=0.2%
2.5
2.0
1.5
1.0
0.5
0.0 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32
0 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32
8 7 6 5 4 3 2
0.5 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32
14
16
18
20
22
24
26
28
30
32
26
2.5
(S/A)a=0.8%
(S/A)r=0.3% (S/A)r=0.4%
(S/A)a=0.8%
(S/A)r=0.6%
2.0
(S/A)r=0.8%
1.5
1.0
0.5
0.0 35 40 50
0 35 40 45
o
50
(S/A)a=0.8%
(S/A)r=0.8%
(S/A)r=0.6%
1.0
0.5
0
0.0 35 40 50
35
40
45
50
27
Regenerator exit
51 48 45 42 39
(S/A)a=(S/A)r= 0.3
Solution concentration %
Absorber exit
36 33 30 27 10
12
14
16
o
18
Conclusions
At high range of S/A ratio Solution has to be necessarily pre-cooled. Cooling of air will only complement the dehumidification. Change in humidity increases with increase in air specific humidity, solution concentration and decrease in air temperature at the inlet. At low range of S/A ratio Air has to be pre-cooled for the sustained dehumidification of air. Solution temperature has negligible influence on dehumidification.
29
Conclusions
Desiccant to assist only in dehumidification Entire cooling supported by compression system Regeneration achieved by warm condenser air Air properties decide the process whether it is absorption or regeneration
Thank You