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DEFINITION OF DEVELOPMENT AND MATURATION

DEVELOPMENT IS A SEQUENCE OF CONTINUOUS CHANGE IN A SYSTEM, EXTENDING OVER A CONSIDERABLE TIME; SPECIFICALLY, SUCH CHANGE OR RELATED AND ENDURING PARTICULAR CHANGES, AS FOLLOWS ONE ANOTHER IN AN ORGANISM FROM ITS ORIGIN TO MATURITY AND DEATH. MATURATION REFERS TO THE PROCESS OF CHANGE OF AN INDIVIDUAL WHICH OCCURS PRIMARILY AS A FUNCTION OF AGING OR TIME. IT EXCLUDES THE EFFECTS OF PRACTICE AND EXPERIENCE. FOR INSTANCE, YOUNG BIRDS LEARN TO FLY WHEN THEIR WINGS ARE FULLY MATURED IRRESPECTIVE OF EXERCISE OR PRACTICE.

GENERALIZATION ABOUT DEVELOPMENT


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VARIABILITY DEVELOPMENT IS AN ORDERLY PROCESS. ITS RATE IS NOT CONSTANT BUT IS VARIABLE IN AND BETWEEN INDIVIDUALS. THE RATE OF MATURATION OF PHYSICAL PROCESSES PROCEEDS BY FITS AND STARTS RATHER THAN IN A CONTINUOUS, SMOOTH FASHION. INDEPENDENCE DIFFERENT PARTS AND SYSTEMS OF THE BODY DEVELOP IN LARGELY INDEPENDENT PATTERNS AND SEQUENCE. DIFFERENTIATION DIFFERENTIATION INCREASES WITH DEVELOPMENT. AS THE FETUS GROWS IN THE UTERUS, DEVELOPMENT OCCURS ALONG THE LINE FROM ITS HEAD TO ITS TAIL CALLED CEPHALOCAUDAL AXIS (HEAD-TAIL AXIS). HUMAN DEVELOPMENT ALSO OCCURS ALONG A PRIXOMODISTAL AXISDEVELOPMENT OF PARTS NEAR THE CENTER OF THE FETUS BEFORE THE DEVELOPMENT OF BODY PARTS DISTANT FROM THE CENTER.

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GENERALIZATION ABOUT DEVELOPMENT


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INTEGRATION INCREASES WITH DEVELOPMENT. FOR EXAMPLE, IN ANY MOTOR ACT LIKE SITTING, DRIVING CARS, PRESSING A BUTTON, ETC. A COMPLEX SERIES OF MUSCLE MOVEMENTS ARE INVOLVED WHICH ARE USUALLY PERFECTED AWKWARDLY AT FIRST BUT ARE SOON COORDINATED AS THE ACTS ARE REPEATED. PREDICTABILITY SEQUENCES IN MATURATION ARE MORE PREDICTABLE THAN RATES OF MATURATION. WHILE MOST INFANTS FOLLOW A CERTAIN PATTERN OF MOTOR DEVELOPMENT LIMITATION MATURATION SETS THE LIMITS ON LEARNING. AN INFANT CANNOT LEARN TO CONTROL MOVEMENTS INVOLVED IN DIRECTING A SPOON TOWARD AND INTO THE MOUTH UNTIL HIS SKELETON AND HIS NERVOUS AND MUSCULAR SYSTEM ARE SUFFICIENTLY MATURED TO PERMIT SUCH LEARNING.

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CONDITIONS OF GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT


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PHYSICAL CHANGE INVOLVES A CHANGE IN SIZE AND PROPORTION IN RELATION TO HEIGHT, WEIGHT AND TO THE DIFFERENT PARTS AND ORGANS OF THE BODY. FUNCTIONAL CHANGE INVOLVES SLOWING DOWN OF MENTAL PROCESSES LIKE THE ABILITY TO PERCEIVE THINGS, THE ABILITY TO REASON, THE INCREASE IN VOCABULARY, ABILITY, ETC. HEREDITY- THE GENE STRUCTURE CONTROLS AND LIMITS THE AMOUNT OF VARIATION IN THE STRUCTURE OF THE BODY. ENVIRONMENT -

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